umzimba amandla, nto leyo ethatha indawo kuzo zonke iiseli kukho esiphilayo, ebizwa dissimilation. Le yingqokelela ngayo yokubola iikhompawundi eziphilayo, apho isixa esithile wamandla uyakhululwa.
Dissimilation kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba ezimbini okanye ezintathu, kuxhomekeke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngoko ke, ngo-aerobic yokucolwa eneji iqulathe wolungiselelo, anoxic neoksijini ngokwezigaba. Xa anaerobes (eziphilayo ukuba ikwazi ukusebenza kwindawo ioksijini-free) dissimilation ayifuni kwinqanaba lokugqibela.
Inyathelo lokugqibela lwamandla aerobes ukutya iphela ukugqibezela igcwala. Xa oku cleavage neemolekyuli glucose ne amandla ukwakheka, leyo eyase ekubunjweni ATP.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba njini ATP kwenzeka inkqubo phosphorylation xa ADP iqhotyoshelwe i-phosphate ezingaphiliyo. Ngaloo triphosphate adenosine ukuba kuhlelwe kwi mitochondria ezibandakanya synthase ATP.
Basabela kwenzeka ngexesha lokusekwa uqhagamshelo amandla?
Adenosine kunye phosphate ziyadibana zenze ATP kunye namandla bond, nto leyo ichithwa ukuyilwa malunga 30,6 kJ / Mol. ATP ibonelela iiseli amandla, ekubeni isixa esikhulu yayo zakhutshwa ngexesha haydrolisis yi iibhondi-eneji esisityebi ATP.
umatshini eziphilayo, leyo inoxanduva Yindibanisela ATP na synthase ethile. It iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini. Omnye wabo inwebu kwaye lijelo elisetyenziswa eziwa protons ngaphakathi mitochondria. Xa oku amandla ekhululwe, nto leyo ukubonwa ngamanye inxalenye noshowo i ATP kuthiwa F1. Liquka a stator kunye ivili. A stator fixedly ibekwe kwi inwebu kwaye ibandakanya kwindawo olwandle, kwaye kananjalo alpha- beta-subunits, athi abenoxanduva umchiza Yindibanisela ATP. Le plane iquka wesigrike kunye epsilon subunits. Le nxalenye ujikeleza, esebenzisa amandla ka Proton. Oku kunika ATP synthase kudibaniso ukuba protons kunye inwebu engaphandle mitochondria ijoliswe kwabo phakathi.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekudibaneni kwemichiza esiseleni kuphawu odola lomhlaba. Products yolwalamano imichiza kwezinto asasazwa asymmetrically (ngokuqinisekileyo ityala ion ukuya kwicala elinye, lo gama i-amasuntswana kakubi ebizwayo zithunyelwa kwelinye icala), ukwenza inwebu isakhono electrochemical. It iqulathe amacandelo kwemichiza kunye zombane. Kufuneka utshilo okokuba ezi zinto zinokwenzeka phezu mitochondria uba uhlobo jikelele yokugcina amandla.
Le ndlela yafunyanwa ngama-Isazinzulu IsiNgesi P. Mitchell. Oku ucingela ukuba ubuncwane emva igcwala akakuthabathi uhlobo molekyuli, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo balwise wamwisela ion, neziwela kumacala ahlukeneyo inwebu ye mitochondria. Le ngqikelelo kunokwenzeka ukuba acacise uhlobo unxibelelwano phakathi ukuyilwa phosphate-eneji izityebi kwi Yindibanisela ATP, kwaye kananjalo ukuqulunqa hypothesis chemiosmotic esi simo.