Astafjevs, "uMalusi ubeyalusa": Uhlalutyo imveliso, isishwankathelo

Umbhali eyodwa - nombhali wolu ncwadi, nemisebenzi yakhe engaqhelekanga. Hayi kaloku, mhlawumbi asinayo ukubhala isihobe iprozi. Noko ke, kumnombo wakhe, ngamagama Vladimira Semenovicha Vysotskogo, ebesoloko "oluhluzeka umphefumlo." UViktor Petrovich Astafev War Patriotic ngawakhe. Yena ke eziqhelekileyo, eze ngaphambili njengevolontiya. Kutheni na kuvuswa ngaphambili phambi phoyisa? Oku iqondwe, nokuba ngaphandle kokufunda biography yombhali, kwanele ukuba bafunde ibali "Lo malusi kunye ubeyalusa." Uhlalutyo imveliso utyhila ingqondo enzulu umbhali ngemvelo embi ngokungenabuntu zemfazwe. Umyalelo, oko kukuthi, ukuba athumele abasebenzi abaphantsi ekufeni, yaye ukuba uvavanyo high sezifundo - .. engahambelani.

Eli nqaku - malunga inoveli yakhe "Lo malusi kunye ubeyalusa." Ushwankathe- Astakhov isebenza kusenza siqiniseke ngokuvumelana iindlela ezizodwa umbhali copyright ogqibeleleyo yaye kwewebhu nembali yamajoni.

Private, imfazwe yokugqibela

Konke oku ezifunyanwa ngabo ngokupheleleyo. Walwa UViktor umqhubi, a signalman, a gunner ... waye wawongwa Order "Red Banner", imbasa "Kuba Courage". Isikhundla - Private. Wabona zonke izinto thaca abafundi kweli bali. Ngoko ke, indlela ntetho ibonwe bakhe, kwaba Tolstoy eligcwele, ingqalelo iinkcukacha. Konke ubone; bonke ukuze usinde, ukuba bammise phambi abafundi ubuso lokwenyaniso yemfazwe ... yingxaki ebalulekileyo eso isonjululwe Astafjevs igcisa ebalini "Lo malusi kunye ubeyalusa." Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa inxalenye yokuqala esazisa ukuba ngenkanuko umbhali ukudala engenakwenzeka - ukubhala imfazwe lamadlelo. Oku, lomlilo, into ebulalayo umlilo.

Astafyevskaya War ngumshumayeli

Kutheni umbhali uhlobo abefundisi ikhethiwe, ngokwenkcazelo, noxolo, ubomi enezigaba ilizwe elula? Astafyevskaya yasemaphandleni ... Kuyinto esikhethekileyo, kwewebhu inkcazo imfazwe, apho firestorm akakwazi ukoyisa iimvakalelo patetizm zabantu, ubuhle umphefumlo womntu. UViktor ndiqiniseke umfundi ukuba uthando yomelele imfazwe, umsebenzi wakhe 'UMALUSI ubeyalusa "

Uhlalutyo inxalenye yokuqala ibali liya kuqala ngokuya imifanekiso. Ukungaboni ibhinqa ingubo cut lixesha na ifihla iinyembezi, ecaleni kaloliwe kwi emathafeni zasendle kunye kumhlaba ongaphiliyo aqhekekileyo apho kumila ingca erhabaxa, sagebrush-wireworms yes eChernobyl. Apha endleleni ucinga imivalo enemigca kilometre ..

Emva kokuba afike ezinqwenelekayo, yena ajike ndulana kwaye injongo uhambo lwakhe - ". Otoprela kusithela" bayawa lesikhumbuzo, inkwenkwezi leyo Kucaca ukuba lihlale apha umntu omthanda kakhulu kuye. Lo mfazi - uLucy, waza wafumana engcwabeni Boris Kostyaeva Lieutenant. Yena uthetha amazwi lihlaba, ubuso bakhe licinezelwe kwelabafileyo, "Kutheni na ukuba ulele wedwa embindini weRashiya?". Enesingqi amandla eli bali iyafana ngokuvuka blinding 'ilanga black "ye Sholokhov, Owubonayo ukufa Gregory emva intanda yakhe.

Astafyevskaya mfanekiso usebenza Sholokhov kaThixo "Makube Don"

Akukho siyohlala ekuqaleni Astafyan ibali "uMalusi ubeyalusa" Isaci, i Mihailom Aleksandrovichem indalo yakhe? Kukho bumbongorha ibhekisa enokuzeka kade umhlaba Russian, umhlolokazi oselula ...

Ngokubhekele phaya, ukuba usebenzisa umatshini ixesha ngalinye Astakhov ngoxa umva kwaye obhaptiza umfundi kwimeko nempi enkulu. Webutho uLieutenant Kostyaeva wagcina ukuziphendulela, emi ngendlela yokufikelela nhlanganiso elithanda engqongwe baseJamani. Bona ngokuxhaswa eresovtsev ngomlilo ibhetri ( "Katyusha"). Phambi kotshaba lomlilo ngqo hit guns regimental. Diff - phambi-line zokudubula (howitzers). Noko ke, elihamba waseJamani kodwa esisikekileyo imisele webutho.

Le dogfight ichaza Astafjevs. "UMalusi ubeyalusa" ukunika umfundi ithuba phantse touch uvalo lo esihogweni - nokufa ekhala, bebasa, besaphula nibethe Sapper Umhlakulo, wadubula ezikufutshane. Ecaleni kwaye babeqhele ukuya emfazweni, uLieutenant Boris Kostyaeva walwa zamkomvzvoda iiforimani uNikolay Vasilevich Mohnakov. Walwa, ekubeni kokurhoxa umda kwaye sele inkwantyisayo utshaba; ngoko ezimela kwikhephu, ngoko nokutsiba kuyo, besaphula ikhaba kunye ngompu emoyeni. Induna babusoloko kokulwa yomlo, wanikela umyalelo, wamkhusela elinye bedidekile. Its into isimo sangaphakathi elifana ngobume Sholokhov kaThixo UGrigory Melekhov, heroics, ziphathe ngamandla, akazange mathidala ukumbulala utshaba. Nangona kunjalo, eli yangaphakathi Astafyevskaya phoyisa, umphefumlo wakhe elinyukayo yimfazwe. Masikhumbule oko wabhala oku urhulumente Sholokhov: umlinganiswa wakhe wayeza kuba nako ukuhlala besemdleni xa beqhuba imbono ecacileyo umntwana elimsulwa - wakhangela kude.

Unxibelelwano uhlobo lamadlelo. isigcawu usizi

Inomsebenzi ebalulekileyo kwisiqwenga inxalenye yokuqala zohlalutyo iya kusibonisa ibali "Lo malusi kunye ubeyalusa." Ukususela inqaku eliphezulu-buhlungu, umbhali linceda ngobunzulu ngokweemvakalelo de imfazwe elibi baguqula isimo sasemaphandleni yamandulo - ukwanga ngumalusi kunye ubeyalusa.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi abalinganiswa ithandwa kangaka kwimizobo yaseYurophu XVI-XVII iinkulungwane, abatsha, ejonge omnye ngamehlo abanothando, thaca ngendlela kwindawo yokuchitha zendalo, similise ngumbhali ngokunxulumene izinto ezoyikekayo zemfazwe.

Xa umalusi Astafieva kunye ubeyalusa - nto indoda endala kunye lixhegwazana umhlambi bexakekile amadlelo kubulawa lutshaba iqokobhe elahlekile. izidumbu ezimbini izidumbu zabantu, ngokuqinileyo bebambene ngezandla, ukuquka amanye umzimba ngamnye ngokuthi ukudubula. Balala ngaphaya egumbini, kufutshane "iitapile emhadini."

abalwa ye

Le ndawo, apho ndabona amajoni, ngenkankulu ukuya yomlo eyoyikekayo, kuzishiya diki. Qaphela ukuba imifanekiso esembindini buhlungu kulo lonke ibali, leitmotif wayo, nto leyo yazisa ngabom ekuqaleni isebenza Astafjevs "uMalusi ubeyalusa", ngesiquphe kokuphazamisa Dynamics kwembaliso.

Kwenzeka ntoni kule ndawo? Ngequbuliso amajoni nje babulawa wambulala, xa emehlweni la maqela mabini iza umsindo, ukuqonda kokomoya. Baye sele (mhlawumbi konke kodwa abadala Mohnakova) musa ukuchonga bona ndawonye emfazweni kunye ukubugatya. Le mothuko ezifunyanwa ngabo, ngoko ngokunzulu Astafjevs ibonisa ukuba jikelele ndindisholo cwaka emingcwabeni zabo abalwi webutho Boris Kostyaeva kwaphulwa kuphela ngomthandazo ukuba ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka entliziyweni uthi ijoni ezibhityileyo Lantsov. abahlobo bakhe ingaqondwa - ngamanye amagama semxholweni.

Ngaphezu koko, ukususela kwisahluko sesibini, ibali, "uMalusi ubeyalusa" (isishwankathelo imveliso ubonise oku umfundi) uzuza tangibility. Esi sihloko uthando abaphambili abasebenza Lucy kunye Boris. Noko ke, oko kukuthi, ngokutsho umbhali, itulo ayikho ezimeleyo. Olu thando ibonwa ngokusebenzisa bemilo ka Astafev sele kubonisiwe wamadlelo, kule contact ngasentla imeko kwabo. Kuyo, ngathi ifolokhwe wasele, kukho bokubanga eliphezulu humanistic ye inkcaso komphefumlo womntu, uthando lwabantu esihogweni imfazwe.

I kuchithwe endlwini uLucy

Amajoni amisa kuloo ndlu wawulele kuyo uLucy ubomi. Oko ngokungummangaliso wahlala ihleli apha ekhaya, iindwendwe isixelela ngomlomo kwebali "Lo malusi kunye ubeyalusa." Isishwankathelo umsebenzi yazisa umfundi esaziswa emoyeni owenza kunye mlilo ebusuku emva kubulawa ngokungenabuntu. Ekhohlo emva kwexesha kunzima xa ngaphuma lweenqwelo zokulwa, bayalingana phambi kokufa, xa, nomsindo ngokwakho iqabane, baba amacandelo umatshini eyoyikekayo yokufa; bambulala, wambulala, ekugqibeleni waziva bekwimeko non-yokulwa. Amajoni beza kuye, ukuthatha imiphefumlo yawo ebandayo ntshikilelo, nezikhukula niyalazi wakhe, ikhatyelwe ngaphandle beet. Induna sakwazi ukufumana kuye. Inyaniso ukusixelela ntoni ezinye emva ekulweni "umalusi kunye ubeyalusa." Uhlalutyo umsebenzi kule episode luqaqambisa iinkalo ezimbini: umfanekiso olunzulu abalinganiswa typecasting amehlo ubudlelwane Boris kunye uLucy.

Kule ndawo, umbhali Astafjevs ezifana ngumlawuli umboniso, kunika abafundi bayo close-ups zabalinganiswa le ncwadi, kunye ukukwazi iprojekthi elilinge imigca embalwa igcisa obonisa nobuntu nganye. kolwabelo la majoni, ubukrelekrele imfazwe elisebenzisa enye.

Ingcaciso engaphezulu malunga zokulwa namajoni

Moskvich Kostyaev Lieutenant, yemka yaya kulwa xa amaJamani zaye Wagxothwa Kuban neCaucasus, ngokukhawuleza walahlekelwa ikhwele bubutsha. Malunga ijoni ubulumko oluhlala luhleli uyasixelela, "Lo malusi kunye ubeyalusa." Uhlalutyo isahluko "Ukulwa" kuzisa igazi, ngoko iziphumo amava isichasi umbhali: ukulwa kwaye uhlale uphilile, simele siqonde imfazwe, kuba akukho nto ayikho heroics, ixesha ukhethe indawo ekhuselekileyo kakhulu, zingawucongi calluses phezu kwezandla zakhe, ukuze ukwemba. Ngaphuma esemseleni wawakhotha kufuneka ngobushushu zokudubula utshaba, ayikho enye indlela. ULieutenant Boris, ukuqonda oko ichaza ngokupheleleyo kunye namajoni va ngenkxaso yabo.

Phakathi ababelwa amathathu okanye amane ongakwaziyo ukusela, hmeleyuschih ukuzila. Noko ke, simele kusela. Ukuba ziphazamise ingqondo ukusuka Eyokuqiqa ka ubuso zokufa. Siye basela ngaphezu kwabanye kuphela iiforimani, "kum-Umcimi" (t. E. A amandla njengeempimpi) Pafnutiev yes Kuma-zeAltai Karyshev kunye abantwana kwilali Keys. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba iintlobo ubhalo injalo ngaphambili yaye yena Astafjevs. "UMalusi ubeyalusa" ahlalutye yintoni ngaphakathi kwale ngokubambisana emkhosini.

Kayini na Avele

Ngapha koko, kukho nje kuphela "ukusuka ikhuba 'abantu. Lusetyenziswa webutho nomntu efundile, iimpazamo zabaguquleli owayesakuba Korney Arkadevich Lantsov, imvakalelo obhityileyo wemfazwe kwingcinezelo umphefumlo womntu. Xa iingxoxo yakhe emva ukusela niyalazi yingozi ukuba bachukumise ukunqulwa ubuntu, phoyisa icala ngaphandle esitratweni - "prosvezhitsya".

Ngapha koko, lo webutho na indoda eliqina kwi amagama Pafnutiev, nangegunya amandla akhe ukubhala okulahla. Noko ke, elinye Mohnakov esazi ngayo, ngexesha nempembelelo ngokwasengqondweni phezu ozisa, ukuba akazange abonise "italente" kwakhe yingozi. Banyanisekile - lo mfanekiso nto ngabom kuqaliswa kulo mongo webali Astafjevs. "UMalusi ubeyalusa" nokuhlalutya kwexesha kwaye abalinganiswa - umcebi langoku kulo msebenzi, njengoko ebomini.

Kuma-zeAltai

Besekhaya babanga ukuba Sasungulwa kakuhle. Zombini ezolileyo kwaye ukhaliphe, inkxaso ngamandla ukuba umphathi webutho. Karyshev yamahlwempu-exhaustively thaca isizathu apho nguye onilwelayo. Ayizi nevumba ideology. Yena umfama ebewalwela ilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa, yena, umlimi (umntu eziphambili emhlabeni), utshaba uzama ukukhetha. Ngoko ukuba imfazwe iye kwemilwelwe, isixelela ukuba, "Lo malusi kunye ubeyalusa." Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa imveliso kusikhokhelela "amajelo yemfazwe ngabantu" zikaTolstoy, ekukhuliseni zisihla phezu kwentloko bahlaseli. Kanti lo mntu ulilungu nzulu, ingcinga bulumko yabantu, into emhlabeni ongcwele izinto ezimbini: ngumama, benenjongo ubomi kunye nezityalo, ukondliwa naye. Kwaye wenza kubo esihogweni imfazwe!

ULieutenant emsebenzini encothula

Siye babesela kakhulu Siberian Mohnakova phantsi kwempembelelo 'evuka inkalipho "yevodka, xa amaqabane akhe ukuba ndilale, wayeya kuba ngesondo, anamathele iindwendwe. Lo mzamo ukucinezela uLieutenant Boris, ebangela phoyisa, "esitratweni" Wabhambathisa bambulale impassively kwimeko imizamo. Iiforimani, eqonda ukuba umphefumlo wakhe mpela elusizi, ungaziva va nokulunga Boris. Noko ke, uyaqonda ukuba umphefumlo wakhe yimfazwe ezifeleyo neqwengiweyo angacingi iimvakalelo eziphakamileyo. Yena uya kulala koovimba.

ULucy ubona konke oku. Uthi lo mlinganiswa obhinqileyo esembindini ebalini "Lo malusi kunye ubeyalusa." Ucalulo olufutshane lo msebenzi luya kuvula i indima ekhethekileyo Astafyan yakhe ezazichaza. Ukuba Astafyan Mona Lisa. nomfanekiso walo ezintsonkothileyo ezotywe ngumbhali ngononophelo kwaye luvezwe. umfazi Russian ababonakalayo kwilali Ukrainian. amehlo Huge amnyama, ubuso obhityileyo lume abakrelekrele, qhina tight, izandla noko amnye ebantwini. zobuso bayo, indlela yokuthetha, inqaku ingqiqo balumke lubonisa ukuqhama komphefumlo wakhe. Lo mfanekiso ngokwenene lihombise Astafyevskaya Pastorale "Lo malusi kunye ubeyalusa." Umxholo ibali ngenxa yakhe similise ukusuka moya semfazwe nomba ubudlelwane babantu, imilinganiselo yabantu, ngokuba uthando, njengoko abangayifuniyo imfazwe, obungunaphakade.

uthando

Xa isahlulo sesithathu umbhali usixelela ukuba uthando olukhulu, iimvakalelo eziphakamileyo. "Kulungile, kutheni nje sadibana emfazweni?" - abuze ukuba umntu omthandayo, okanye Lucy Ephakamileyo. ezininzi ukuya kuyo ngexesha umsebenzi. Kamva uthi baye boyisa wakhe amthandayo Boris kunye malunga lempabuko, fascists, kunye Polizei, azihlubayo ezikwezi ndawo. sifunda emlonyeni wakhe, yena wafumana imfundo yakhe zomculo. iincwadi uMthetho, nokuchasanisa kunye indlu enguronta emaphandleni, ngokutsho yesibini - kwimfundo - zomthetho. yebhakhowudi Engalindelekanga - Lucy, ukuhlala imvakalelo, sandivusa njengomntu akhanyise uAbhishagi. Abasetyhini abatshayayo Kwathi nto ingaqhelekanga, nto ibonisa ubunyaniso zobugcisa ukuthembeka sebali "Lo malusi kunye ubeyalusa." Uhlalutyo Lombhalo, Noko ke, ibonisa ukuba nkqu nokuba nothando ukukhanya akakwazi ngoko nangoko ukukhulula umphefumlo intlungu Lucy xa kwabona imfazwe. Noko ke, lo mfazi avakalelwa imfuneko yokuba uthando, ubona yena ubulumko ngaphezu ekuthanda, "iminyaka yakhe abaphezulu amakhulu" uziva isisa kamama nofefe "knight yakhe", walwela ilizwe labo. Phakathi kwabantu abatsha esophula macala imvakalelo enzulu, uthambile; ukuxhathisa leyo zingasakwazi.

Buyela ngaphambili

"Lo umpu, emkhosini!" - wamngena le phoyisa idyll, edlula ukwenzela ukuba umphathi wenkampani, uMajor Filkina. Roth waphumla wafumana izixhobo ezitsha, wadlulela kumgca ngaphambili. Lucy wangena indlela ebusika ekhaphe omthandayo. Le ntetho yale mzuzu umbhali kwakhona ofumana iimpawu ibonwe. Umfazi uthando entliziyweni uvakalelwa ukuba kwenzeka noqhekeko. Waye qa engqeleni, emveni kokuphuma kumhlathi zomkhosi iyaqhubeka beme prostration, bezikrokrela: "Yiza! Ukuyibuyisa bephila" Kwaye emva ekhaya, ayizange uvale ucango, yaye ixesha elide awukwazi kufudumala, babenakho uhlobo ngengqele ihlaba eyimfihlakalo.

Ukuzaliswa ntlekele

Igcina intshumayelo wethu umxholo webali "Lo malusi kunye ubeyalusa." Uhlalutyo ngu sahluko, qhagamshelana egqibeleleyo, ihamba ibe sasikwisigaba saso sokugqibela - intloko "umbono". Kuba sobala kugqiba ebuhlungu amadlelo Astafieva. Iron lokusila imfazwe ufekethe kwaye njee usile abantu abaphikisa yakhe nendalo bakhe. Emangalisayo Ukujula kwawo beengcinga wavakalisa iiforimani Mohnakov ukuba abantu ngaphambili lobuzalwana ephila. Ngesizathu esithile, zonke ukufa ngesiquphe waba namandla phezu Amaqhawe incwadi Astafieva ... konke oko kwaqala njani? Mhlawumbi nge ewolo. Wavela webutho entsha kumthetheli-NKVD. Pafnutiev soko, apho kwenzelwa nesimo kaYudas. Kwaye eveza, nina baqalekiswa, kanye nomsebenzi ngenxa 'ukuphanga' yaye sombutho 'lonxibelelwano umfazi ibitheni, "yaye ngaphezu kwabo bonke - on free-ndicinga ngengqondo Korney Abramovich Lantsova. Le yokugqibela lwakhawuleza ayemka, ngelithi ukusebenza kwiphephandaba phambi-line. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka buhlungu yena Pafnutiev. Walibala lomlindi ukubawa, kwimbasa asebenze. Yena baqhaqhe emgodini ngeenyawo zombini. Xa nguquko lokufa, wathi zonke okhangela. Nangona kunjalo, i ingxaki angeke eyedwa akakwazi kuhamba. Xa amajoni elinye webutho Boris Kostyaeva blithely wabuyela kwindawo emva kokunikezelwa ababuleweyo esibhedlele entsimini, i sompu utshaba shot yahlatywayo Altaian Karysheva. Kungekudala iiforimani ugula Mohnakov njengoko Astafjevs uthi, "ukuba isifo leyo singanyangwa kwi imingxuma." Wamsindisa namaqabane akhe, waqalisa ukuba aphile ngokwahlukileyo, ehlukanisiwe, wayeka ukuba baxoxe. Kwaye phoyisa edabini waza wafuna ukufa. Wahlela yonke into. Ukuzimisela sifele zobuqhawe, Mohnakov wathabatha anti-tank sam. isonka lwakhe, yena zibelekwe haversack yakhe. Naye, wawa phantsi phambili itanki yotshaba. Kungekudala, yena uhlatywe kwi egxalabeni kunye hero ophambili kweli bali, uLieutenant Boris Kostyaev. Ngexesha kwakhe abanengxaki kwingxaki enkulu ngokomoya. Iziganeko kwabaneka engqondweni yakhe, ngathi bhuqe. Akazange "ndikuqhelile emfazweni." Nolwazi uLucy kwabonakala yenzeka kuye. Ukufa esishiya wayewaxinile.

Xa esibhedlele entsimini njengokonzakala wobulali, elinye ujongene ngabandayo umongikazi abaphezulu kunye nogqirha. We wamphatha ngokusesikweni. Kwaye kufuneka baphathwe ngexesha elifanayo ezingcakacileyo, liwuthuthumbisa umphefumlo wakhe, boyikiswa imfazwe, yayingeyiyo. Enyanisweni, isilonda akukho ngozi nezengqondo ukubandezeleka - enkulu kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe. Ugqirha astute ukuba baqonde ukuba impilo wabangxwelerhiweyo esibhedlele iye isihla ngokomgangatho, wayalela ukuba amse kwesinye isibhedlele. Kodwa Boris abazange bayifumane. Wafa endleleni. Kwaye khawuleza umzimba wakhe ungashiywanga enye iimoto emi kule ngxaki. INtloko isikhululo encinane kunye nonogada kungcwatywa liqhawe emhadini ungxamile, bemba. umlindi onxilileyo banikana kwakuhlwa selitha yevodka sangaphantsi. Emva mpimo ziimvakalelo, wakrola ngesiphatho lokukhwelisa yephiramidi lesikhumbuzo saya kwindawo phantsi kweentloko emva kwexesha.

isiphelo

Dyondzo iphela kweqonga apho yaqala. ULucy wajika ndiyingwevu, amehlo ezinzulu ngathi kwacala kuphuma ubudala, waza wahlala emveni kokufa yedwa intanda yakhe. Bathe bengawufumani ingcwaba lakhe, yena wenza izicwangciso - kungekudala izithembiso ziya kuza kuye.

Yokwalusa wemka, yaye bali liphele nge "I uMalusi ubeyalusa" uhlalutyo. Uthando, nokuba kabuhlungu, imfazwe azuze.

Kutshona ilanga ikhanyisa emathafeni kwaye ibuyisela sokunqanda umfazi enxibe idyasi endala-lixesha ...