Andrey Ivanovich Shtakenshneyder - lomhleli: engobomi, usebenza eSt Petersburg Peterhof

Stackenschneider - wezakhiwo, ogama lakhe eliqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa lo mntu abanetalente ababenziwe amabhotwe ezininzi, izakhiwo, kunye nezinye ezikhumbuzo nezenkcubeko St. Petersburg Peterhof. Le ndoda ephawulekayo sichaza kule ncwadi.

umakhi Early ebuntwaneni

Wazalwa Shtakenshneyder Andrey Ivanovich 22 Februwari 1802 kwi kummandla Russian uMbuso onamandla. UTatomkhulu womzobi elizayo yaba oyinzalelwane kwesinye sezixeko omkhulu kumantla eJamani - Braunschweig. Yena waba yinkosi odumileyo, nako ukuvelisa iintlobo izinto nasesikhumbeni isilwanyana lokwenene. Ke kaloku udaba nobuchule bakhe ifikelele Russian uMlawuli uPawulos, wacelwa ukuba kwikomkhulu. Kamva, utatomkhulu wagqiba ukuhlala eRashiya. Wayithatha ke wazalwa uyise, Andrei Ivanovich.

Andrew naye wazalelwa ezindongeni kwifama yakowabo, apho ngaphambili wayehlala yonke intsapho Shtakenshnejdera. Phantse yonke esengumntwana ngokomakhi lingako etyeni lokusila, apho wayesebenza uyise. Xa iinkosi elizayo wayeneminyaka eli-13, waye wathunyelwa kufunda Imperial Academy of Arts. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba iitalente ezizodwa akazange abonise, emva kokuphumelela, ebona imisebenzi yekomiti kunye nezakhiwo hydraulic. Kwaba khona ukuba umakhi yethu Stackenschneider Wayesebenza ixeshana, ebambe isikhundla sokuba draftsman eziqhelekileyo.

A iindidi zemisebenzi professional

Emva kweminyaka emine yomsebenzi njenge draftsman hero yethu ifumene sisibonelelo ohlawulayo ngenxa apho wafumana umsebenzi omtsha. Eli xesha ke kulindeleke indawo wezakhiwo-ngumzobi.

Ngoko ndangena ekwakhiweni Cathedral St. bakaIsake, ukhokelwe uthumo olukhethekileyo ekwakhiweni. Apha ke wahlukile ngokomakhi abanetalente. kamva Stackenschneider wabonwa ngomnye umakhi wodumo umyili Anri Lui Auguste Richard. Yaba nguye lowo ukumemileyo hero yethu, ukuba asebenze kwi-Winter Palace.

Kukuyeka emsebenzini kunye abazimele

Ngaxa lithile, umakhi Stackenschneider isigqibo sokuba lixesha ukuzibandakanya practice labucala. Ekuqaleni 1831 wayishiya leKomishoni Kuluvuyo olukhulu benza zokwakha labucala. Omnye ezizimeleyo wokuqala umsebenzi wakhe uyilo indlu ducal. Ilifa fanele ku AH Benkendorf.

Xa hero yethu bahlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo umsebenzi phambi kwakhe, Earl wathi ngayo umlawuli. Ngenxa yoko, ngokomakhi abanetalente wamenywa ukuba enye yezindlu izityebi St. Petersburg. Stackenschneider indawo phantse nangoko ezifunyenwe of uNicholas I.

Iya isanda, waqala ukufumana imiyalelo ngamnye ukusuka kumlawuli. Kwaye emva kwexesha elithile yaba ifana kuphela wezakhiwo bakholose ukwakha ilifa omkhulu nje kuphela, kodwa isikhulu, izigodlo. Kwaye ngoko ke ekunene ukuya ukufa womzobi. Wayesebenza ixesha elide yaye wayila impahla yasebukhosini, abantu ilungelo, wamkela ngesiqu womzobi lobuqu ibhotwe mhlekazi wakhe.

ibhaso lokuqala kunye nesifundo aphesheya

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba inkcazelo evela ngobomi, Stackenschneider kuqala wazuza ingqalelo ngo-1834. Ngelo xesha, wasebenza kwi projekthi "ibhotwe encinane soMhlekazi," apho wafumana isihloko nathembisayo academician.

Noko ke, nangona oku, iqhawe yethu waziva yena kunqaba amava. Ngelo xesha wakwazi ukufumana inkxaso soMhlekazi, kwaye ukusuka mali karhulumente ukuya kwamanye amazwe ukuze ukufunda. Ngoko ke, watyelela eNgilani, France kunye Italy. Bebuyile ngabameli St Petersburg Academy of Arts wamkela ngesiqu of Unjingalwazi isidanga sesibini.

Sebenza kwi Mariinsky Palace

Ngexesha ubomi bakhe Andrey siyilwe wakha izakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo entsonkothileyo. Wakwazi kutyelela eMoscow, eCrimea, eSt Petersburg, Novgorod, baseTaganrog, Peterhof nkqu Tsarskoye Selo. Kuzo zonke ezi iindawo Kuyinto esebenza kwaye wasebenza ngempumelelo. Abahlalutyi kakhulu adunyiswe umsebenzi wakhe baphikisana ngokuba neempawu kunye engqongqo ngexesha style esifanayo lwentando yesininzi. Enye izakhiwo kunayo ukuba wezakhiwo unako na ukwakha, nguye Mariinsky Palace.

Esi sakhiwo, ibekwe kwi Square entle eSt bakaIsake, iqhawe yethu yenzelwe ngo-1839. Ulwakhiwo bhotwe sagqitywa ngowe-1844. Kuphantsi kweziphi izakhiwo kunye amabhotwe wakha Stackenschneider ngaphandle le sakhiwo, leyo ngoku yokuhlala St. Petersburg yowiso-mthetho, siya uchaze ngezantsi.

Eminye imisebenzi ebalaseleyo umbhali enkulu

Ngenxa engqondweni yakhe bebuza yaye ngeso enkulu, iqhawe yethu wadala Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace eSt Petersburg. Khumbula, oku isakhiwo ekhethekileyo indlela neo-yobuciko, yakhiwa phakathi kuka-1846 no 1848.

Phakathi imisebenzi emininzi womzobi odumileyo akubonakali amabhotwe kuphela, kodwa kwakhona esibhedlele yabantwana, Wena mboni, zokuhlala ehlotyeni abaninzi ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, ekuqaleni kuka-1835 ke lubuye koko wakha villa eyaziwa film zolinganiso yabucala Zhenesa. emva kanye konyaka omnye, iqhawe yethu babesebenza esakhiweni kwendawo ipoma for Alyona Zvantsova. Kwaye ngo-1834, wakha indlu lizwe MI Mordvinova.

izakhiwo ubonakala Peterhof

Peterhof ebumelwaneni kunye nesixeko ngokwaso yaba yindawo olukhulu siphefumlelwe inkosi yethu. Apha ke ngenkuthalo ukusebenza icebo Parks ohlayo: Meadow kunye Kolonistskogo.

Emva koko wacinga ezinye iziqalelo park Kolonistskogo ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, umbhali wethu anawo imizobo of bayiminquba ezimbini: Holguín kunye Caricino. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, le nkundla Holguín wadalwa ngokomyalelo woMlawuli Nicholas mna imbeko intombi yakhe. Igama lakhe Olga. kanye Ukwakhiwa kwenqaba ngathi Neapolitan, ngokomkhethe elibukhali ukususela iziseko phantsi kwamanzi.

Caricino nkundla efanayo yakhiwa ngokungqongqo ngesicelo umfazi loMlawuli Alexandra Feodorovna. imiqondiso yakhe ngaphandle waba njenge yamandulo isakhiwo endala yamaRoma, kunokuba ukwakhiwa wezinto uNicholas I.

zombukiso uvethe kwiipaki ezahlukeneyo

abacwangcisi Andrey kunye nezinye bayiminquba ezibini ezibukekayo Lugovoy Park. Omnye wabo - Pink inkundla, okanye "Ozerki". Ngokutsho abagxeki, waye ukwakhiwa engundoqo ye zonke izithuthi. ukwakhiwa yayo ngo-1845-m, yaye yaphela - ngo-1848. Okwesibini - i-Belvedere, kwakukho isakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini ezakhiwe iibhloko lenyengane ngokwanelisayo omkhulu.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1727, iqhawe wethu waqala ukwakhiwa ibhotwe kunye park lomculo kwi dacha yakhe uMlawuli Peter II. Ngoko oyiNgcwele Trinity Church yakhiwa phantsi kwesikhokelo womzobi, nebhotwe, orangery kunye indlu negadi ebhotwe kunye park lomculo kwinkulungwane XIX. Okulandelayo kwaba ibhotwe e Znamenka, Farm Palace kunye Lion ayo. Eli ziko omangalisayo uchaze ngezantsi.

Isigaba ekhethekileyo ebhotwe kunye park lomculo Peterhof

Ngexesha uyilo Lower Park wezakhiwo idumileyo isicelo umgaqo zokudala nemithombo ayingxangxasi. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba, ngale ndlela, ebhotwe nakhelwe ngaphakathi epakini, kuya kufuneka zincediswe indawo omangalisayo zasendle. Kulo mzekelo, ekuqaleni wasebenza iprojekthi ezaziwayo-kakuhle umyili Italian Nikolo Miketti. Kodwa iingcinga zakhe ukuvala ebengumsesane ndachithelwa ngaphakathi Hermitage nasezirhangeni kwaye sele andibanga abalufumeneyo.

Phakathi kwiminyaka 1854-1857 iqonga projekthi sele ngokutsha ngokupheleleyo. Eli ixesha isiseko layo wathabatha iprojekthi AI Shtakenshnejdera. Ngokutsho data preliminary, izakuthatwa ukwanda ubungakanani kakhulu lokuqala ichibi kunye nemihlathi nokongeza 14, ukuphakama nganye leyo 8 m.

Phakathi kweentsika 12 nayo ifakiwe izitya naziiperile yinqobo kuye. Ukususela izinto ezindala zokuhombisa umbhali wagqiba ukushiya mascarones (imifanekiso ahlekisayo kwezilwanyana basentsomini) kunye namanani amakhulu yeengonyama, aphuma emlonyeni apho indiva jet amanzi. Embindini kela column oqingqiweyo ndanxiba lokuvula olugobileyo "Uphunguphungu Aganipa". Wonke umntu wabona kweli nqanaba, wayichaza njengento emangalisayo enhle, ngqongqo yaye kwangaxeshanye kumnandi.

A amagama ambalwa malunga nobomi lobuqu womzobi

Emergency umsebenzi wezakhiwo ayizange imthintele nokuseka ubomi bakhe. Ukuba e kwincopho umsebenzi wakhe meteoric, umbhali imisebenzi emininzi wadibana lentokazi leyo, ngoko nangoko bawa eluthandweni. UMaria Fedorovna Halchinskaya.

Emva kwexesha elithile, emva kokuphila kunye sibini wayenabantwana 8. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba bonke bephela, ngaphandle junior Zenaida, abafa ebuntwaneni, baba ubuntu ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Ngokomzekelo, umakhi Elena intombi kwasebutsheni bakhe bokubandezeleka waqalisa ukubhala memoirs bakhe. Kamva, waze wavula salon zoncwadi. Nyana womzobi UNikolai ixesha elide babehlala Petersburg. Wasithanda kukha, wayeyoliswa yobugcisa bokwakha, yaye wazakhela indlu eKharkiv.

Enye unyana Andrei Ivanovich Alexander waphumelela izifundo yeqonga waza waba ngegcisa elinye ozithandayo ye-Imperial Theatre. Noko ke, umntu onesiphiwo ezinjengezo Stackenschneider, kwakukho nabanye abantwana abangazange akanikeli ubomi bakhe zobugcisa.

Umzekelo, kanye lo nyana wakhe UAdrian. Emva kokuphumelela waya kusebenza kwi-ofisi yeeNgwevu. Kungekudala emva koko, wafudukela eKiev, uye waphila iminyaka eliqela e Odessa, apho wayiqhubela Court of Justice. UNyana Vladimir kwakhona yayihlasela nomthetho. Ntombi UMaria Olga watshata ngempumelelo yaye waya kuhlala kwelinye.

Memory uya kuphila ngonaphakade

Andrei Ivanovich sele kudala wafa. Ufe ekuqaleni kuka Agasti 1865. Ngexesha lokufa kwakhe eneminyaka eli-63 ubudala. Inkumbulo yena uhlala kwi iintliziyo neengqondo zabantu bethu. Kwaye indalo yakhe, ubungangamsha uya kuqhubeka kukumbona wabakhenkethi nabantu balapha.