Amanzi - ukuba ... amanzi angaphakathi Russian Federation

amanzi - yinxalenye amanzi onxweme, ilawulwe ulawulo lwe zeLizwe ethile. IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zone ichazwe ngokucacileyo ububanzi - 12 iimayile ezisetyenziswa elwandle, kulinganiswa ukusuka elunxwemeni ngexesha igagasi ubuninzi.

amanzi emhlabeni

amanzi - oku kwakhona amanzi angaphakathi, kuqukwa imilambo, amachibi, kunokuba coves emxinwa, amawa, njl Isebenza ulongamo ingundoqo, akukho zilandele imithetho Convention Sea ...

indawo Water phakathi leziqithi, phantsi kweemeko ezithile na amanzi emhlabeni. amazwe amaninzi (Indonesia, Philippines) kufuneka ummandla lwangaphakathi ebanzi ukulawula sicatshulwa iinqanawa zamazwe angaphandle. Ukuze athintele inqanawa, iya kuvunywa nguRhulumente iindledlana elwandle navigation lula.

wolwandle

Ngokusemthethweni yinxalenye ulwandle ithathwa ndawo (Ocean) eyamkelwe UN phakathi kommandla oziikhilomitha 12-. kumazwe angabamelwane elwandle ngokuqhelekileyo bavumelane bilaterally kwi ukwahlulwa-kwiindawo yoxanduva. Ukuba akukho mvumelwano bakufumana, umda umiselwa iingongoma equidistant ukusuka kwiindawo komhlaba.

Ukuziqhelisa, inxalenye urhulumente itolikwa emthethweni wayo emanzini, kubandakanywa amanzi elipheleleyo lommandla phesheya kolwandle indawo. Ubangelwa Ukulwela izibonelelo zebhayoloji, imithombo yendalo, ngenxa yendawo.

zone ohlanganisa

Amanzi indawo karhulumente baye baqhubeka njengoko ummandla enkulu, njengoko kuchaziwe neekhilomitha ezili-12. A buffer wadala njengendawo. Apha, umkhosi umda unakho inxenye ukulawula ukuqhutywa, ukubamba onzima Pirates, ukuchonga impilo, zomnyango kunye amasiko nemithetho nabenzi.

Iinqanawa yamanye amazwe, njengoko umthetho, kufuneka ufumane imvume ukujongana izowuni enkulu kunye sub - uzulazule komhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mfuno ayichazwanga kakuhle yaye zilawulwa ngesivumelwano mmandla, okanye inxalenye 'umthetho kakhulu. "

kummandla obekelwe ushishino

amanzi - iyindawo oziikhilomitha 24-yoxanduva ekhethekileyo kuphela. Nation ithi banelungelo kuphuhliso ephambili ekuthiwa ummandla kuphela kwezoqoqosho. Ibanga km 370 (200 miles elwandle) ukusuka kumgca elunxwemeni (okanye amanzi emhlabeni), ukuba akukho zithintelo indawo ngohlobo imida namazibuko kumazwe angabamelwane.

State kwi-Feez nga ngamnye (okanye amaqabane) ukuze ufumane izimbiwa, ukuphuhlisa amasimi ezizizembiwa, intlanzi kunye nezinye iimveliso zaselwandle, ukwakha iifama zomoya kunye namandla nokurhoxa, ukwenza yokuhlola njalo njalo. D. Into ukwakhiwa kwiziqithi iisoyi kunye nokusetyenziswa yabo yezoqoqosho.

Ngelo xesha, uMthetho woLwandle kungafunwa azikhuthazi zeehambo ngomoya kunye sicatshulwa ngoxolo iimpahla kwamanye amazwe. Uvunyelwe gasket iindlela zonxibelelwano, imibhobho. Kwakhona, lo iqela izibophelele ukukhusela okusingqongileyo, ukuphelisa ifuthe leentlekele zendalo.

zone kwithala

Ulwandle indawo kwakhona iquka inxalenye ithala kwandiswa. Amagunya States ngaphakathi kummandla kwithala kakhulu efanayo amagunya-Feez. Ezi zindawo kungenzeka, kwimeko enjalo ke imithetho imimandla koqoqosho iphambili.

Ukuba kwithala lingaphezu kwizoni kwezoqoqosho kwaye kufunyaniswe ukwandiswa kwamanzi inxalenye lwezwekazi lizwe, urhulumente unalo igunya izixhobo zam zendalo, iintlanzi, njalo njalo. Kwezoqoqosho D. Zone xhaxhe ngaphaya-Feez ka-200 ukuya-350 eekhilomitha elwandle ukusuka elunxwemeni.

Amanzi sendawo Russia

I-Russian Federation ulawula indawo enkulukazi ulwandle. Umda ibanga km 38.800. Amanzi emhlabeni ziquka kuLwandle White, Chosha Bay, Pechersky iindevu. Ulwandle Okhotsk, enkosi chain Kuril, nazo ziyingxenye ye amanzi kule ndawo yezi ndawo kuphela yoxanduva. Akuvunyelwe ukuba balobe kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle mvume ezizodwa.

Ummandla kwezoqoqosho iquka ngaphezulu kwe-4 million km ^2. Oku kuquka ulwandle lonke:

• Kara;
• Laptev
• East Siberia;
• Okhotsk;
• White.

Inxalenye:

• Black;
• Azov;
• lweCaspian;
• Baltic;
• Barents;
• Chukchi;
• wethu;
• Japanese;
• Pacific Ocean;
• Arctic.

Le ndawo kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba kaloliwe koqoqosho. izibonelelo zebhayoloji ngamanzi kakhulu. Komele utyebile izimbiwa kunye esikrwada izinto, i-oyile negesi. wolwakhiwo ocwangcisiweyo kwamanzi zithwala imizi-mveliso, nto leyo eza kuvelisa, ezothutho, ngokuyinxenye ukuprosesa izipho zehlabathi.

ungquzulwano

amanzi - indawo, imimiselo ayamileyo Convention Sea. Kodwa asingabo bonke izifundo ngokuqinisekileyo uya kulandela amalungiselelo ayo. Ngokufuthi ndibe ngumzekelo wolwandle phakathi kubamelwane luguqulwa zokubonisana iingxabano, nokuba emkhosini.

Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States Libya kabini (1981, 1989) aye nazo kwimbambano phezu kwemida cider Bay. Yena iphumela nzulu kummandla Afrika, kodwa ebanzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba bathobele kulongamo kuphela kule ndawo, kodwa Libya uthathwa lakhe. kwiminyaka yakutshanje ayikwazi uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu umda yamanzi ezifunda eNicaragua kunye Costa Rica. Impixano ozakuzo ihamba kunye nokoyikiswa zongquzulwano emkhosini.

iingxabano ingaphelelwayo kwenzeka phakathi Turkey, eGrisi, eJapan China, Indonesia kunye Timor. Icandelo le-South Sea China isekude imfazwe ngomlinganiselo omkhulu phakathi China, Vietnam, iiPhilippines, i-United States kunye namanye amaqela.

Kwaliwa for the Arctic

iingxabano elide phakathi kwamazwe circumpolar kungavulwa. Umzekelo, ukuba amanzi lwamazwe Russia-iqabane neRashiya zihlelwe ngokwemida ngokwahlukileyo. I-Russian Federation ugqala ummandla ummandla elinomdla qhinga kwimida yangaphandle ye Murmansk Region kunye Chukotka ukuya North Pole. ENorway, Canada, i-United States kunye nenani enye imfuno ukunciphisa ndawo, ngokutsho imithetho i-Convention. Ngelo xesha, eUnited States naseKhanada ngokwabo utolike ngokukhululekileyo le mithetho xa kufikwa izinto ngobuchule.

Amathala zizityebi kwizimbiwa, ngoko ezi zifundo ingxabano yezizwe ngezizwe. Umzekelo, hydrologists Russian kwi kowama-2000 kwafuneka isifundo ekhethekileyo ukubonisa ubunini nasentshonalanga kwamanzi Mendeleyev University kunye Chukchi Plateau ukuya shelf Asian zwekazi. Ngomhla inxalenye kummandla ibango yi eGreenland (Denmark). Le hambo ka-2007 kuthintele izinto ezibhaliweyo kwezoqoqosho Russia kummandla Arctic.

Ukususela ngo-2010, ukwandiswa ithala ibango yi Canada kwi ngeendleko Arctic imimandla zangaphantsi kolwandle. Ngokukodwa, loo nto ithathwa yinxalenye Mendeleev ukwandiswa kwilizwekazi North American. It ongazishiyiyo amabango kunye Denmark. Ezi zigqibo ziye kwanyanzeleka Russia ukuvuselela iziseko zomkhosi kwiziqithi kumntla: naseNovosibirsk, Frantsa Iosifa, New Umhlaba kunye nezinye ukukhusela umdla. Iingcebiso 2015-2016 azisekelwanga anegunya nokufumana izisombululo bayekelele kuluhlu kwithala.

mfazwe kwenzeka emanzini Antarctic, njengoko inani amazwe (Chile, Argentina, Norway, njl) Ngaba kuqwalaselwa yinxalenye yommandla nokumkani kweCosta Rica. Oku kuchasene izigqibo UN, qaphela ilizwekazi izowuni womkhenkce cala. Ngokubanzi, amazwe amathathu elinesibini kufuneka amabango ukuya kwemida imida bamazwe.