Amanqanaba mbutho lokuphila nto

Amanqanaba mbutho zokuphila umcimbi - uphawu kwamkele ukuhlelwa zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Wildlife Umhlaba ezahlukeneyo ngokwenene. Eziphilayo ingathatha ezahlukahlukeneyo ngobukhulu, ukususela ntsholongwane zilula single-ezineseli, kunye, ukuya izidalwa multicellular, kunye nesiphelo kunye nezilwanyana ezinkulu emhlabeni - whales.

Evolution on Earth zenzeka ngendlela yokuba eziphilayo bavela ezilula (ngokoqobo) ukuya ezimbaxa ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, lo ezivela, baphelela, iindidi ezintsha ze lugqibelele ngethuba zazivelela, ukuthatha jonga ehlekisayo ngakumbi.

Ukuze lo mali okukhulu eziphilayo, kwaye amanqanaba mbutho wokuphila nto kwangena. Inyaniso kukuba, nangona umahluko imbonakalo kunye nesakhiwo, zonke izinto yendalo ngazo: ngandlel zenziwe molecule yakhiwa izakhi phindo, ngendlela enye okanye ngenye - imisebenzi ngokubanzi amalungu; ukudla, ziyazala, sisaluphala size sife. Ngamanye amagama, iimpawu esiphilayo, nangona umahluko imbonakalo ziyafana. Enyanisweni, ekujoliseni kwezi data, unako ukufumana indlela ngendaleko komhlaba wethu.

Ngenxa yoko, sicinga amanqanaba umbutho ephilayo ngakumbi. Inqanaba lokuqala usebenza kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, ngaphandle kokukhetha. Into (level) apha ngentla, ukwanda inani abameli zasendle iyapheliswa.

1. Inqanaba molekyuli kuqhelekileyo zonke izinto. Kule zinga kukho ayibonakali ngeliso lenyama, iinkqubo ezenzekayo na esiphilayo: i kuyondelelaniswe kunye yokuwa izondlo, isakhiwo, okanye izinto zokuzikhusela. Lo ngumphakamo iikhompawundi ezinkulu eziphilayo (iiproteni, nucleic njalo njalo. D.)

2. supramolecular okanye subcellular. Inqanaba apho iimolekyuli ayalelayo kwizisele organelles: i inwebu yeseli, zofuzo, vacuole, isiqalo, etc ...

3. lweseli. Kweli nqanaba, lo mba linikwa kwi ngohlobo iyunithi iyevakala esebenza - iiseli.

4. Inqanaba umzimba-kwithishyu. Kubalulekile kweli nqanaba akhiwa onke amalungu kunye nezihlunu a eziphilayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuntsokotha kwawo; ingqondo, ulwimi, zezintso, njalo njalo Kufuneka Makukhunjulwe ukuba laphu - iseti iiseli, umanyaniswe isakhiwo kunye umsebenzi ofanayo .. Umzimba - ilungu lomzimba, "umsebenzi" nto leyo ibandakanya ukuphunyezwa umsebenzi ichazwe ngokucacileyo.

5. kwinqanaba ontogenetic okanye organismal. Kweli nqanaba, ii-arhente ezahlukeneyo ngokwemiqathango usebenziso zidibene ibe omzimba yonke. Ngamanye amazwi, eli nqanaba sele thaca umntu epheleleyo naluphi na uhlobo.

6. Abemi-ngqo. Eziphilayo okanye abantu ukuba babe iqumrhu elikumila kunjalo, imisebenzi, kunye nenkangeleko efanayo, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukubayinxalenye zohlobo olufanayo, aqukiwe kubemi mnye. Eziphilayo, abemi ukuqonda zizo zonke abantu kwezinto eziphilayo anikiweyo. Nabo, bonke zakha zemfuza efanayo kunye nenkqubo ekude. Inani labemi uhlala kwindawo ethile - uluhlu yaye, njengoko umthetho, akuthethi yendlela nezinye iintlobo. View, nto, nto kwesongezelelo bonke abemi. eziphilayo nga ungazizekisi nokuvelisa inzala kuphela ngokwesakhelo kweentlobo zabo.

7. biocenotic. Inqanaba apho izinto eziphilayo ezidityanisiweyo biocenoses - zizo zonke abantu abahlala kwindawo ethile. Lwalowo okanye olunye uhlobo, kule meko Akukhathaliseki.

8. biogeocenotic. Lo ngumphakamo ngenxa biogeocoenoses ukwakheka, ngamanye biocenosis aggregate kunye izinto abiotic (umhlaba, iimeko zemozulu) kummandla apho biocenosis ucwangco.

9. Biosphere. Level, yazizisa ndaweni zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Ngenxa yoko, amanqanaba yombutho wokuphila umcimbi ziquka amanqaku ezisithoba. Le ngokuhlelwa umisela ekhoyo systematization inzululwazi yanamhlanje eziphilayo.