Amandla akuyo: ingqiqo, imizekelo. Eyaziwa iinkokeli akuyo

Ukutyhubela imbali, abantu iyoba namandla, nangona esinesiphiwo ngaphezu kokuba charisma ethile, isigqibo bayahlelwa yabanye abantu, amazwe, ihlabathi, eyasekwa umyalelo wayo kunye negunya, kwaye uninzi lwabo kwanasemva kokufa basaqhubekeka ukuba nempembelelo kubomi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko .

iintlobo zikarhulumente

Ukuqwalasela ingqiqo ka "amandla" njengecandelo lwezenhlalo yohlulwe ngokwendidi ezintathu kolawulo. Yi esemthethweni (zomthetho-olwamkelweyo), zemveli, igunya akuyo. Ngesayensi, zibizwa iintlobo ezifanelekileyo. Loo qheke ngexesha wacebisa ukuba ngezentlalo odumileyo German-mbali Max Weber. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba iinkokeli akuyo basoloko iimpawu ezimbini lwezenhlalo: ikakhulu abantu ukusuka kwimida, kwaye maxa wambi bonke abemi kwelinye ilizwe, kwaye phantse nekhulu ekhulwini ngexesha beze amandla ngokusebenzisa umthetho, yaye ngenxa usurpation okanye ngenxa wokugxeka yangoku iimeko.

igunya akuyo njengento uhlobo efanelekileyo

igunya akuyo ichazwe Maksom Veberom njengomnye lweentlobo efanelekileyo. Kwizifundo zakhe, yena akazange ukunikela ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo ngendlela apho le okanye inkokeli uba umlawuli kwaye ihlala kunjalo, lukhetha elide baphande ulwalamano phakathi kwabemi kunye neenkokheli zabo, oko kukuthi, izinto ekuthiwa nentlalo.

Ngenxa yoko, Weber ikhankanya ukuba igunya lemveli isekelwe kwinto yokuba ngokuzenzekelayo abemi baya kuvumelana kule nkqubo ngenxa ikho. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu ziimvakalelo rhoqo ngokunxamnye ukusebenza kwenkqubo kuqhubeka ukugcina inkqubo ekhoyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ulawulo ngenxa yokuba impumelelo yayo ekuxhaseni ngabemi nentembelo semthethweni karhulumente enika abantu inkolelo ubulungisa amandla yomthetho-enengqondo.

Leader njengesiseko igunya akuyo

igunya akuyo esekelwe ngokupheleleyo izakhono zobunkokeli, yaye ngokufuthi nokuba umgangatho zokwenyani okanye eziboniweyo na. Weber emsebenzini wakhe asichazi ukuba lithetha ukuthini eli gama. Sibe ubuntu akuyo oku kubonisa ukuba inkokeli lowo iimpawu angaphezu kunye angaphezu, okanye ubuchule ubuncinane ezizodwa kunye nezakhono. Ngoko ke, xa kuthethwa ziinkokeli zonqulo anomoya kuwa, kodwa umbuzo kukuba ingaba ezi nkokeli na amandla ngokwenene luhlala umbuzo evulekileyo. Uphawu ezingundoqo igunya akuyo Weber - ubukho nengxaki kwezentlalo ludlule, eneneni sisazinzulu alizithathi ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakhulu inkokeli xa kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwayo.

Abaphandi elandelayo ziye zanda kakhulu umda into efana "charisma". Ukuba ekuqaleni umba liphathelene kuphela uhlobo "sisipho esivela kuThixo 'ukuba sele imisebenzi, zashiya emva ngokwabo ezaziwayo ziinkokeli akuyo, ingcaciso le kuthiwa ayipheleli yona. Point umbono kulo mba yahluke kakhulu, umzekelo, Determinism abangabaxhasi bakaMarx ezinxulumanisa imbonakalo abantu abanjalo ukuthanda uluntu eguqula, ligatya indima ngamnye ngokwakhe. Kwelinye icala, inkokeli iqhajana esiphelele, uMongameli French Sharl De Goll, a uxhasa ngokupheleleyo imfundiso indima kuphela ubuntu kwixesha elithile lobunzima, nto leyo ngqo abhale kwincwadi yakhe "The ngohlangothi lwekrele."

Iimpawu zale hlobo lwamandla

Ukuqokelelwa beepropati eyahlukileyo njenge uphawu igunya akuyo esibonakaliswa ezi ngongoma zilandelayo:

1. Kakhulu libizwa ngobuntu.
2. Vneistorichnost, okt inkokeli ke kaninzi landela naziphi na iingcinga, imigaqo kunye nemithetho ezazikho ngaphambili.
3. Ngokulahlekelwa igunya akuyo ukusuka iingxaki kuphela ezenziwayo kunye ngemihla, kuqoqosho ethile. iindlela ngokungakhethi ukuba imiba yezoqoqosho - ngokufuthi igunya akuyo ukhetha ukuqokelela irhafu, bazihluthe indlela bathimbe kwaye hlutha kubo, ukuzama ukunika ezi zenzo khangela zomthetho.

ubungqina

Iimpawu zegunya akuyo ibonakale ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. division Public izimvo seempumelelo elizayo kunye nenkxaso inkokheli, abalandeli ukuqhagamshela izicwangciso zabo buqu kunye nemisebenzi yombutho.
2. Kuzoba kunye iqondo eliphezulu yenzondelelo sabaxhasi, ngasinye apho ngokwenene uzama ukuba abe yinkokeli akuyo le "ekwizinga eliphantsi".
3. Indawo esembindini zonke nobudlelwane kwezentlalo linikwa yinkokeli. Ngenxa yoko, imvakalelo yokuba inkokeli yonke kwaye ithatha inxaxheba nawuphi na umcimbi ekuhlaleni.

izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ukusekwa igunya akuyo

Kugunyaziwe, oko kukuthi, abemi ekuvunyelwene kunye nebhodi, kukho, ngokukhawuleza nje inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo abantu abazimisele ukuba babe ngabalandeli yinkokheli yabo. Akukho uhlobo kakhulu urhulumente ngaphezu uhlobo igunya akuyo. Amandla ezifunyenwe yi yinkokeli, kukho uhlobo aura ngeenxa zonke kuye nokunceda ngakumbi nangakumbi ukukholelwa ubuchule babo, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, kutsala abalandeli ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kodwa wala kuba onjalo yinkokheli akuyo ukuba ukuba iimfuno zabantu nto ngayo.

Loo mandla Ubunkokheli, akuyo ngendalo, uzuza kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezinjalo, xa kufuneka kubekho utshintsho olukhulu okanye utshintsho kwimeko-bume ukuba akukho naphaya ukulungiselela le njongo, ngenxa yokuba inkcubeko egalelwe-nendele kunye nezithethe, yaye ngokufuthi ixesha elide ukwimeko kungekho kukhula. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile kakhulu ingazinzi ngenxa yokuba inkokeli idinga ukubonisa gqolo amandla ayo kanye wedwa, ukulawula, yaye ngaxeshanye ukuze bacombulule iingxaki ngakumbi nangakumbi kunye impumelelo enkulu. Kungenjalo, nokuba yokusilela olunye kwinkokeli emehlweni abalandeli eziphelelwa nomtsalane, intsingiselo kunye nokulahlekelwa lingaphehlelelwanga ngokusesikweni.

Ukongeza, olu hlobo lwamandla, njengoko positives kunye kuneengxaki. Ukuba iingxoxo eziphambili ezimbi ziquka into yokuba urhulumente, akuyo kwindalo, kwangaxeshanye kukho usurpation, ngaphandle enyanzela ukweso lokumba nokusombulula phantse yonke imihla kwaye nkqu mancinanana amatyala ngemihla karhulumente. Noko ke, ukuba yinkokeli na ukujongana nezi ngxaki, kukho nempembelelo elungileyo ngenxa yokuba amandla okunene umgquba efanele isininzi iimfuno zoluntu.

Neempawu zenkokeli akuyo

Kwi akuyo ubuncinane kufuneka babe eziliqela iinkalo ukuba kuthiwe basic:

• amandla, okt ubuchule 'angakanani "kunye" uyitshaje' amandla abanye abantu;
• imbonakalo isimanga ezimibalabala, nto leyo ithetha umtsalane, kodwa hayi ubuhle (ngokufuthi ukususela iinkokeli olu hlobo babe neziphene emzimbeni);
• ngezinga eliphezulu ukuzimela kwindawo yokuqala yi kwizimvo zabanye;
• izakhono kakhulu oratorical;
• nentembelo epheleleyo kunye beqinile yena izenzo zakhe.

Imizekelo iinkokeli akuyo

Iinkokeli akuyo ekuqaleni luphawulwa Maksom Veberom njengomntu ozimeleyo zonqulo, kodwa ekwaziyo yokutshintsha kubomi. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba uYesu Kristu uMprofeti Mohammed nabanobuntu akuyo, abasafuna ube nefuthe kwinkqubo zembali. Kodwa ukuba akuyo kwaye babe inkokheli iqhajana - ezi zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwixa elizayo, ezi ngezentlalo Dzhordzh Izisele hlengiswa kancinane ingqiqo, yaye mzuzu kwabo esithi sisetyenziswe ukubiza iinkokeli akuyo, kufanelekile ngakumbi kwenye definition - ezizezi, i "inkokeli yobuqhawe".

Ukuba abantu zobuqhawe ezo uAleksandr Makedonsky, Genghis Khan, uLenin Stalin, uHitler kunye de Gaulle. Aba bantu baye iziphiwo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu imizekelo yinkulumbuso amanani akuyo, ababekulo iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ukuba iinkokeli zobuqhawe. Kulo mxholo, kunzima kakhulu ukuba igama iinkokeli akuyo le abenzi ezinkulu, ezifana uHenry Ford, Endryu Karnegi kunye Bill Geyts, nangona ngokuqinisekileyo ilifa charisma. Kunye, oku kongezwe kwaye eminye yemizekelo ezaziwa akuyo iinkokeli (zobuqhawe), ngubani na eneneni waba unamandla amancinane, ebonisa impembelelo yayo ngenkxaso nabaxhasi - UJeanne ^d, Arc, Marshal zhukov, Che Guevara. Imbali uyazi imizekelo emininzi xa amandla, iqhajana ezisemthethweni ngokubanzi ekugqibeleni baphela ukoyiswa epheleleyo zombini inkokheli kunye neengcinga zakhe, bakhonza njengesixhobo intshabalalo ithi kunye ngokuhlanganisa umyalelo yehlabathi. Kakade ke, UNapoleon Bonaparte, Adolf Hitler, uMikhail Gorbachev.

Ukusuka eziphilayo iinkokeli akuyo ngokupheleleyo ingqiqo ngaphandle ubhukisho ekunokuthiwa kuphela kumntu omnye - Fidel Castro, owathi, Kakade ke, nasemva kokuba kongezwe lwamandla osikhokelayo nempembelelo kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakowabo, njengoko kunjalo kwihlabathi zosasazo zasekuhlaleni.