Alexander Golovanov: biography kanye photo

Alexander Golovanov - eyaziwa umphathi yasekhaya mkhosi abalungiselelayo nomkhosi. Ngexesha Second World War, wayiqhubela eSoviet elide-uluhlu moya, kwakunye Air Army 18. Emva kwemfazwe, wamiselwa ukuba akhokele lonke ixesha-uluhlu yezokubhabha ye-USSR. Ngowe-1944 waba wonyuselwa oyiNtloko Air Marshal. Kwimbali Workers 'kwaye Abalimi' Red Army waba umncedisi omncinane.

Ubutsha ye pilot elizayo

Alexander Golovanov wazalwa ngo-1904. Wazalwa kuBukhosi Russian kwisixeko esikhulu - eNizhniy Novgorod. Abazali bakhe abahlali ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze sixeko. Umama - opera, uyise - nomphathi wenqanawa ethwele. Alexander Golovanov oneminyaka esi-8 ubudala wayefunda Alexander yeCadet Corps. Ngoko ke njengomntwana, kwagqitywa ukuba wayeza kuba emkhosini kwixesha elizayo.

I Guards Red wangena iqhawe eli nqaku, xa ndandikwishumi elivisayo. Ngo-Oktobha 1917, wayeneminyaka engama-13 kuphela ubudala. Noko ke, ngokutsho imiqondiso yangaphandle wanikwa okungakumbi. Wajonga konke-16, yaye ulwando ngaphantsi kweemitha ezimbini.

Emva kokuba impumelelo Oktobha Revolution lenzelwa igunya eSoviet. Sele ngowe-1918, waqala ukuziphilisa. iminyaka Alexander Golovanov Molde, waya kusebenza kwiofisi yekhuriya "Profsohleb", ezaziqhutyelwe Food Commissariat.

Uthatho-nxaxheba War Civil

Wathabatha inxaxheba Civil War, Alexander Golovanov. Wayesele inika i intlola kwi 59th elihamba webutho, abakhonza combat kwimisebenzi ngaphambili olusemazantsi. Kwelinye amadabi wavuka yokulimala.

Exhaphaza kuphela ngo-1920. Golovanov Aleksandr wayesele wagqiba ukuba inkonzo yoluntu akazange kuye. Ngoko ke wangena khona ebizwa ngokuba yi-chung. Oku kuyinxalenye yenjongo ekhethekileyo. Ukususela Ekuqaleni USSR babizwa athathwe yobukomanisi ezazikhona iiseli ezahlukeneyo iqela. umsebenzi wabo ukuze athwale Isigxina kwizibonelelo ezibalulekileyo, kuyo yonke indlela yokunceda urhulumente waseSoviet kumzabalazo wokulwa counter-revolution.

Ekuqaleni gaba chun kwasekwa kuphela ngamalungu Party kunye nabaviwa beqela. Noko ke, ngo-1920, xa Chung wajoyina Golovanov uAleksandr, waqala khona ukuba amalungu asebenzayo Komsomol kwaye non-party.

Kulo mzekelo, yintoni eyaziwayo isimilo kwinqaku lethu phezu amaxwebhu asemthethweni, into sichasene ngesandla sakhe ukubhala ekucoceni. Kule yokugqibela akukho kukhankanywa malunga inkonzo e Chon. Alexander Golovanov, ifoto apho kweli nqaku, ithi ngaloo minyaka wayesebenza kulawulo nangoncedo Red Army kunye waseManzini kwi yikhuriya post.

Inyathelo elilandelayo kwiphupha lakhe - in arhente Tsentropechat, uze olungisa kwi amaplanga kwakudada phezu "Volgosudstroy" lweshishini. Kamva ke i-arhente kunye ngombane kwi yesihlanu Volzhsky kwithala GPU, eyayisekelwe kwidolophu yakowabo - Nizhny Novgorod.

Service of the OGPU

Ngo-1924 waye wajoyina i-OGPU Golovanov uAleksandr Evgenevich. Biography of iqhawe eli nqaku sele inxulunyaniswe kulo mzimba kwiminyaka 9 elandelayo.

Decrypts lo GPU njenge "United Administration Political State," liqhutywa kwi liBhunga Commissars yaBantu. Yasungulwa ngo-1923 ngokwesiseko i NKVD.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala OGPU kwakhokelela uFelikis Dzerzhinsky, yaye ukususela 1926 ukuya 1934 - Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Halavanau benza umsebenzi zokusebenza waza wasebenza kumasebe ezizodwa. Ndaya ukuba egunyazisiweyo kwintloko yesebe.

Yena inxaxheba kabili uhambo zoshishino kude eTshayina. Ngokukodwa, kwiphondo Xinjiang. Ekuqaleni ezi 30. Ngaphambi nje kokuba yaba lilungu le-All-Union Communist Party of iiBolsheviks.

Ukubanjwa Savinkov

Iphepha ezigqame yomsebenzi wakhe ukuya GPU waba babandakanyeke ekubanjweni Borisa Savinkova. Le yenye iinkokeli Russian Social njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, a Guard White. A terrorist kunye ekuguqukeni.

Emva kokuba yoohlohlesakhe revolution ka Februwari 1917, wamkela isithuba Commissioner of the Provisional kaRhulumente. Ngo-Agasti, phezu isenzeko Kornilov kwi Petrograd waba irhuluneli zomkhosi komzi. Jikelele ocetywayo ukuba bathobele uRhulumente Provisional, kodwa ngenxa wavuma ukusilela kwakhe.

October Revolution ayixhaswanga. Yena inxaxheba longquzulwano kunye iiBolsheviks, ayila umkhosi ntliziyo kwi Don, inkxaso Denikin. Ngenxa yoko, bathutha lizwe, luzama ukuseka i uxhulumaniso kunye isizwe, kodwa ekugqibeleni yawela epheleleyo ikheswa kwezopolitiko.

Ngaphandle koku, lokuphelisa nya anti-zeSoviet komhlaba OGPU savinkovskogo kuphunyezwa "Dibanisa-2". Kulo nakuwo inxaxheba Golovanov. Ngo-Agasti 1924, ngasese Savinkov wafika eSoviet Union, lindicenga operatives.

Elaliliphethe Minsk kokubanjwa kwakhe. E Savinkov inkundla bavumile ukoyiswa ekulweni ulawulo lweSoviet kwaye ukuwa iinjongo zabo. Wagwetywa ukufa, esi sigwebo ngokukhawuleza kuncitshiswa ngokubuyisela i unyaka-10 entolongweni.

Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, ngowe-1925, wazibulala ngokuthi utsibela ukusuka yesihlanu window floor. Igumbi apho wasiwa ukuze ancinwe, kwakungekho imivalo kwi iifestile. Kukho enye uhlobo, ngokoko athe abulawa OGPU. Ngokukodwa, ubeka Alexander Solzhenitsyn e inoveli yakhe "I Gulag Archipelago."

Golovanov - pilot kuthuthwa

Ngowe-1931, Golovanova Aleksandra Evgenevicha wabelwa yaBantu Commissar of Heavy Industry, apho waba unobhala yesigqeba. Kunyaka olandelayo, waqala ukuhlola ngokubonakalayo uvumo abaqhubi moya. Waphumelela kwiSikolo Osoaviahima (analogu of DOSAAF namhlanje).

Ngowe-1933 wathabatha umsebenzi kwi "Aeroflot". Baqala ngaloo ndlela umoya wakhe umsebenzi. De ekuqaleni kokuyaphula abahlaseli lwamaNazi, yena uziphose moya yoluntu. Wenza indlela yakhe wenyuka ukusuka pilot eziqhelekileyo kwintloko yesebe kwaye, ekugqibeleni, umqhubi oyintloko.

Isehlakalo ebalulekileyo kwikhondo lakhe kunyaka-1935 xa Golovanov wamiselwa ukuba akhokele East Siberian Department of Civil Air Fleet. Kuye ezinze Irkutsk. Alexander Golovanov owakhe umsebenzi zoPhapho.

Ngowe-1937, ebudeni uthe phakathi amaKomanisi, Golovanov uphum'aphele leliqela. Noko ke, wakwazi ukuba abanjwe. Ngaphezu koko, waya eMoscow, njengoko watshoyo, - ". Ukufuna inyaniso" Yaye waphumelela. Metropolitan Commission ukulawula iqela, wagqiba kwelokuba exclusion wakhe impazamo. Nangona kunjalo, e Irkutsk, akazange abuye sele waqala. Yena wasala eMoscow ku kuma ngentsika umqhubi. Azenza kakuhle kwikomkhulu. Kungekudala emva koko Golovanov iye ingqalelo enye abaqhubi kakuhle zoPhapho eli lizwe, yaba umqhubi butho injongo ekhethekileyo abaziintloko.

Ngowe-1938, inqaku lethu iqhawe yaseka irekhodi umona. Amava akhe flight iyonke yaba leekhilomitha kwesigidi. Amaphephandaba Soviet waqalisa ukubhala ngayo njenge "pilot-ngusozigidi." Kuba lo nguye wawongwa "Ukugqwesa Aeroflot". Nazo zonke iinqwelo-moya zayo ingxaki-free, ngaloo mihla, xa umntu eqala nje ukoyisa elibala, kwaba impumelelo enkulu. Iba umntu ezithandwayo ngokwenene kweli lizwe. umfanekiso lakhe esipapashiweyo kwiphepha le magazini "Ogonyok".

Ngexesha Mpi Enkulu Patriotic

Amava okuthatha inxaxheba neemeko Golovanov ezifunyenwe phambi abahlaseli German zwilakhe wahlasela eSoviet Union. Ngowe-1939 waba nenxaxheba amadabi e Khalkhin-. Yaba yongquzulwano olungaxelwanga asekuhlaleni axhobileyo, yathatha iinyanga eziliqela kummandla Mongolia. Oku inxaxheba kwelinye icala, amajoni eSoviet kunye Mongols, kunye nezinye - uBukhosi of Japan.

Impixano zaphela ukoyiswa ngokupheleleyo ukwahlukahlukana Japanese. Ngaphezu koko, i eSoviet Union kunye Japan banezimvo ezahlukileyo ezi ziganeko. Ukuba historiography wesizwe ekuthethwa ngokuba ungquzulwano wamajoni yengingqi, yaseJapan uthethe kubo njengoko imfazwe yesibini Russian-Japanese.

Kamva, Golovanov waya phambi imfazwe eSoviet-Finnish. Le imfazwe eyathatha ngaphantsi kancinane ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu. Yonke le nto yaqala nesibakala sokuba yiSoviet Union umtyholwa Finland neziqhushumbisi. Ngoko ke, lo Amaqumrhu ityala ngokupheleleyo kuba lwa mazwe yeYurophu. Umphumo waba ukupheliswa isivumelwano soxolo, eSoviet Union wemka-11% phantsi apho eFinland. Emva koko, ngasendleleni, yiSoviet Union ingqalelo umhlaseli waza wagxothwa uManyano Lwezizwe.

Ngokuthatha inxaxheba zombini ezi mfazwe, Golovanov wadibana Patriotic IMfazwe Enkulu, njengoko umqhubi umkhosi onamava. Buyela kwi-owuva ye-41 kusasa, phambi kokuba uhlaselo Hitler, wabhala ileta eya Stalin, leyo sigwetyelwe imfuneko ukulungiselela ngqo abaqhubi ngenxa iphaphazela elide-uluhlu bomber. Ingakumbi kwimozulu embi, ukuya efanayo kunye nenduli ezigqithileyo.

NgoFebruwari, waba intlanganiso buqu kunye Generalissimo, iziphumo ngawo wamiselwa alimwi a webutho olwahlukileyo emva kwexesha elide mboni. Ngo-Agasti, wanikwa nesithuba alimwi i-Division Air amanyathelo anokuthathwa. Kwaye enye isihloko imvume ngo-Oktobha. UMajor General Aviation Alexander Golovanov ezifunyenweyo. amagqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwamenza ukuba ukungqina ngokwakhe imiphambili emoyeni. Ngomhla olwandulela esitsha 1942, waba yintloko kwisahlulo Aviation obude-uluhlu kwi reyithi Commander uPhakamileyo.

umoya Marshal

Ngo-1942 eli nqaku yaba hero ukuba akhokele Aviation onokulufikelela emva kwexesha elide. NgoMeyi, lanikwa isikhundla uLieutenant jikelele. Ukususela ngoko de ekupheleni kwemfazwe yaba enkulu kulo lonke yiSoviet kwexesha elide mboni. Ngelo xesha wayewuthanda uvelwano, intlonipho kunye nokuthembela kwi inxalenye oyintloko Stalin kaThixo. Ngoko ke ufumana zomkhosi rhoqo ubekwa nje ukuza.

Ukususela ngoMatshi 1943 - Colonel-Jikelele. Kunye August 3 Alexander Golovanov - Air Marshal. Ebudeni bemfazwe wamiselwa ingqwayi-18 Air Army, kulo lonke ekuhlaseleni zayo zexesha uluhlu lizwe swi ngqo kwi mzuzu. Nangona ezinegunya, Golovanov wayesoloko inxaxheba yokulwa koxolo. Ngokukodwa, waya behlasela bombing elikude ekuqaleni imfazwe. Xa ngehlobo lika 1941, ingaphelanga inyanga enye, bendiza Soviet wenziwe uthotho aviabombardirovok Berlin.

Oku lwandulelwe bombardment enkulu eMoscow, lwaqala phantse ngoko nangoko emva kokuba imfazwe. Nangona Goebbels wade ixesha athi amandla umoya yiSoviet wawoyisa ngokupheleleyo, yaye Berlin soze ukuwisa ukuqhushumba enye. Golovanov ngobuciko ngawo omane esi siqinisekiso.

Lo moya ku Berlin lokuqala kwenziwa ngomhla we-7 Agasti. iinqwelomoya Soviet yayiba ezinobude kweemitha 7000. Bandisa akazange Ususe imaski ioksijini, kunye nokufikelela esemoyeni yavalwa. Xa endiza phezu kwintsimi German ekuhlaseleni Soviet zaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ndiyifumene, kodwa amaJamani ukuze ndandingacingi ithuba kuhlasela babeqinisekile ukuba moya wabo. Phezu Stettin ide iquke spotlight kubo, ngokuthatha moya bolo le Luftwaffe. Ngenxa yoko, njengokuba emihlanu moya akwazi zibhubhisa eBerlin kunye lossless kakuhle akhanyiswe babuyela kwisigqu- zabo.

Golovanov wamiselwa umphathi ezi Utyeshelo emva ukuzama yesibini, esenzeka ngoAgasti 10. Oku akubanga yimpumelelo kangangokuba. Zimoto 10 zibhubhisa Berlin ayikwazanga 6 kuphela, kodwa babuya ezimbini kuphela. Emva koko, iqhawe yiSoviet Union Vodopiyanov isusiwe post yakhe ndingumthetheli eli candelo, yaye zathathelwa indawo Golovanov.

Eli hero of article Ngokuphindaphindiweyo yabhabha phezu capital yotshaba. intelligence German ngexesha waphawula ukuba phakathi kwabantu abambalwa banelungelo elikhethekileyo lokuba ukufikelela ngokobuqu Stalin. Le yokugqibela sibhekisela kuye kuphela ngegama kwi umqondiso ekhethekileyo ukuzithemba.

Ngenxa iziganeko kwaloo minyaka kunye moya ezinxulumene Stalin kwi Nkomfa Tehran, ngubani mathupha Golovanov. Indlela waya phezu moya ezimbini. Unobangela ivili le yesibini, capping waba Golovanov. Kwaye Stalin, Voroshilov kunye Molotov wacela ukwenza uLieutenant General Aviation uViktor Grachev.

Ngowe-1944, Golovanov zempilo kakhulu yonakale. Yaqala ukuphazamisa inkantsi, ukuphazamiseka entliziyweni, ukubanjwa sokuphefumla. Ngokutsho oogqirha, unobangela wale yaba kukunqongophala rhoqo ubuthongo, nto leyo eneneni kwakhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwenkqubo luvo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ebudeni imfazwe yamaNazi Germany Golovanov umise irekhodi ukuba imikhosi Soviet exhobileyo, unyuka elikwinqanaba sombutho emoyeni oyintloko yalelani.

Bayahlelwa emva kwemfazwe

Emva kwemfazwe, ngowe-1946, Golovanov wamiselwa alimwi elide-uluhlu yezokubhabha eSoviet Union. Noko ke, emva kweminyaka emibini zisuswe post yakhe. Ngokutsho isininzi, isizathu waba zempilo, nto leyo eye ubunzima kakhulu emva kwemfazwe.

Golovanov bathweswa izidanga Academy of Staff Jikelele. Kodwa ke ayikwazanga ukubuyela-mkhosi. Kwakungekho njongo. Ayikho shy Alexander E. kwakhona wathumela incwadi Stalin. Kwaye kakade ngo-1952 wayalela enye angaphathi emoyeni. Yaba sisigqibo engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Zange ngaphambili kwimbali Aviation lamajoni umthetho na yalelani kwisebe. Ngokuba kuye, oko nzulu kakhulu. Golovanov wada wacela ngokunxulumene nesicelo bhala kwi ukuthoba ixabiso elifomatiweyo sikhulu-jikelele, kodwa wala.

Ngowe-1953, emva kokufa Iosifa Stalina, iqhawe eli nqaku ekugqibeleni wathunyelwa myezo. Emva kweminyaka 5, wazinza phezu kwisithuba kosekela oyintloko Research Institute of Civil Aviation kwinkonzo moya. Yena umhlala-phantsi ngo-1966.

Incwadi iinkumbulo

Emva umhlala-phantsi, iqhawe eli nqaku uye wazibonakalisa ukuba ngumbhali, memoirist. Incwadi iinkumbulo wabhala Golovanov uAleksandr. "Long-uluhlu bomber" - njengoko ubizwa. Ngeendlela ezininzi, esi ngobomi lunikezelwa iintlanganiso buqu kunye nonxibelelwano Stalin. Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi baphuma uyandizulela ezibalulekileyo. abafundi edition Uncensored bakwazi ukubona kuphela 80s emva kwexesha.

Ngo-2007, i-zakutshanje ngalo mzuzu kwe kokupapashwa memoirs Aleksandra Golovanova. Wohlelo ngayo umbhali, ngasendleleni, iye incwadi nje omnye. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba oku akubi ngaphantsi ezixabisekileyo.

Golovanov yena wafa ngo-1974. Waye ngo '71. Umngcwabo senzeka ngo Novodevichy Amangcwaba.

impilo Personal

Alexander Golovanov, osapho ebesoloko inkxaso, watshata ebutsheni bakhe intombi yokurhweba labakhandi yokuqala. Igama lakhe uTamara. Yena waye inzalelwane kwiPhondo Vologda. Wasinda umyeni wakhe kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-20. Wafa ngo-1996 kuphela.

Ke waba nabantwana abahlanu. iintombi ezine - uSvetlana, uTamara, Veronica kunye Olga, kunye nonyana omnye - Sviatoslav. Yayinguye lo mncinane.