"Admiral Nakhimov" (Cruiser): kwempucuko

Iinqanawa ezinkulu-umthamo ezininzi zale mihla Russian waseManzini ngo-2018 ukuba abe Cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov". Lilungiswa yaqala ngo-2014 kwaye iya kuthabatha iminyaka emine, ngokwesicwangciso. Uya kwandula abonakale ke ithuba lomnye nqanawa - "Petra Velikogo", aziwa ngayo le Federation yeBhunga, elakhiwa phambili kwi projekti enye, "Orlan» № 11442. Le ngxilimbela babe semsebenzini ukusuka kunxweme lwabo lweenkobe, ngokubonelela ubukho yasemkhosini kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye elwandle. Yenza iiyunithi yokulwa aselwandle ngokungqinelana Soviet imfundiso zomkhosi kwesiqingatha sokuqala-imi- 80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, baye kubiza mali karhulumente ka yiSoviet Union isixa ngeenxa (akukho ziqalisiwe ezine), kwaye ngoku ke kuyimfuneko ukuba zilahlwe ngendlela efanele ilifa. Kuyimfuneko kwakhona ukuqikelela iqondo kwezi ntlobo iinqanawa kunye ngempumelelo yawo kwimeko yongquzulwano ngezixhobo.

into eluncedo

Ukusuka kwindawo yoqoqosho olukhulu udidi lwembono, zonke iindleko kufuneka kwenziwe ngokungqinelana lopoliitiko ethile. Urhulumente, apho kungekho ithuba lokuzithethelela iminqweno yabo emhlabeni wonke, lubotshelelwe izityalo peripheral. Nangona ubuninzi zezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, ubukho izakhiwo supranational ngamazwe ezilawula ngokugcinwa imithetho esekwe, kwiimeko ezininzi, amazwe enamandla imfazwe yaye basebenzisa amandla womoya, weenqanawa nedlelo imikhosi, ukuqhekeza yonke imithetho ebhaliweyo ongabhalwanga ukuqinisekisa ukubalasela yayo lommandla. Kukho isigqibo Security Council UN - okulungileyo, kodwa ukuba akunjalo ifunyenwe, "intonga enkulu" lihlala lilungile. Ukuze simelane kwizisongelo hlobo, yaye kukho lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zenyukliya enkulu "Admiral Nakhimov". Cruiser yenzelwe ukunika kuligquma enamandla yonke butho ukuba enze imisebenzi kude omkhulu. Xa ulwimi emkhosini, oku kubizwa ngokuba "ukuzinzisa". Enyanisweni, oku ke undoqo unxulumano yomkhosi nqanawa, akukho ithuba lokufumana inkxaso neziseko zazo friendly okanye unxweme ngenxa kucinywe ezinkulu ziphantsi kwesoyikiso izenzo ezinobutshaba emkhosini. Nuclear enomjukujelwa Cruiser "Nahimov Admiral" ufanele ukuba abe nako nje wena ukuyityhila le "isambuleli" yokuqala eziquka iindlela zomoya, enomjukujelwa, okanye ezinye iinkqubo anti ukubujika ubuso ukuhlasela, yaye kwimeko imfuneko - hit umva buhlungu kakhulu.

inqanawa ngezakhiwo kunye nobuchwepheshe "cwaka"

Xa yee- bokuqala ezintsonkothileyo emkhosini-mveliso eSoviet yaba uphuhliso loshishino kuquka amawaka iinkampani kunye namaziko ophando. Impumelelo developers domestic iinkqubo zokhuselo ukunika imali onesisa. Xa ngokwenza iimodeli ezintsha ingqalelo inkqubela zakutshanje kwi Arms endle amazwe MIC - iintshaba ezinokwenzeka. Umzekelo inqanawa "Admiral Nakhimov". Le Cruiser yakhiwa kumgaqo ukubonakala ephantsi radar yomzimba wakhe. Ichaza superstructures olusenyongweni njengoko iiphiramidi, eziquka moya uthambekele inxalenye umphezulu, unalo "ziyimfumba eye" bead babe engile kakhulu kunene. Okupeyinta into eyodwa efaka ubuchwepheshe engenazimpazamo enxibe nto exelela igama "ivanishi" kwaye ayahlukanga ukusuka kumthamo eqhelekileyo ungqukuva of iinqanawa, kodwa ukuba uphawu ebalulekileyo elikhethekileyo ukufunxa radiation oluvela rhoqo, ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa zabo. Iingcali phikisana ngayo imigudu ezisebenzayo ukunika radar amancinci Utyikityo into kwiimitha 250 ubude, kodwa ke uphuhliso lwezenzululwazi kule endle anexabiso kubo, ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi. Eneneni, ngoko zinqanawa ezinkulu abakwazi ukubona kuphela radar screen, kodwa satellite, singasathethi ke moya sokuhlola. "Banyebeleza" ubuchwepheshe inokunceda iiyunithi kunokwenzeka ukhokelo anti-imizili elahlekisayo. "Spot" ilitha kwikhusi iba ezincinane, ngaphandle Cruiser nga project decoys ngendlela electronic AbM.

amathuba kwempucuko

Kule minyaka phantse amathathu eminyaka kuzo zonke iindlela zobugcisa kunye neenkqubo izixhobo inqanawa leyo lixesha, kwaye ngoku umzimba omkhulu kuphela, baxhotyiswa ngesityalo ngamandla enyukliya enamandla, kubalulekile kwizithuthi. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso le "iqonga" kukuba akufunekanga ityeshelwe. Umzekelo sengqondo ngenyameko umbandela inxalenye eninzi unako ukukhonza njengoko US Navy. Zonke iinqanawa ezinkulu-umthamo US ekuqaleni wakha kuthathelwa ingqalelo nokuphuculwa kunokwenzeka kabelkanaly unikezelo kunye nemilinganiselo ukuyinyusa yenziwa ukuze endaweni yaso nasiphi na isixhobo - kwimeko ngakumbi kule mihla - akuyongxaki. Ukulungiswa kwe Cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov", nto leyo ngokusesikweni yaqala ngo-1998, kwalibaziseka ngenxa yokuba kukho imfuneko yokuba kukho inani elikhulu lotshintsho uyilo efunekayo ngenxa yotshintsho olululo. Tarka "esibizwa" (phantsi eli gama inqanawa yakhiwa ngo-1983 yaye wakhonza de-1993) ayikwazanga ukwanelisa imiqathango edabini elwandle yesithathu. projekthi ngokutsha eyagunyaziswa Northern Design Bureau (St. Petersburg), xa ingcaciso yayo wema iinyanga ezingama-21. Amaxwebhu Uqikelelo yaba phantse 2.8 billion engange. Kuthathwa ukuba yonke yotshintsho wenqanawa liya kuxabisa amashumi ezigidi. Ngoko nangoko kwakukho abagxeki abathi uhlobo imali, ungakha ezimbalwa iiyunithi ezintsha kweklasi "awahlali" okanye "Corvette", ukuba isimbuku ngaphezulu yokulwa ubunakho. Mbiko, kakade, unelungelo lokuba khona, kodwa ke iinqanawa iklasi ukukhanya elapho ukuba enze imisebenzi leyo yakhiwe "Admiral Nakhimov". Cruiser has a enkulu uluhlu yokusebenza, kuba ixesha elide ngaphezu ingumtshabalalisi, okanye Get, kuba lonke langoku yayo bayagwetyelwa ngokwezoqoqosho.

Malunga lomculi

Oomatiloshe - abantu nje nesibindi, kodwa noko neenkolelo. Bafuna azisebenzisele ukunqanda eshiya ichweba eleshumi elinesithathu, kholwani ngemiqondiso ezahlukeneyo yaye abafuni nokumbona amagama shwa. Ngelishwa, kulo mzekelo, kukho isizathu inkxalabo.

Cruiser vehicles "Admiral Nakhimov" labhalwayo emazantsi oogxa bakhe ukuba abanjwe i yaseJapan ngo-1905 ngexesha Idabi Tsushima. Oomatiloshe alwa ngesibindi zitshone abonakalisi utshaba ezininzi zonakala kakhulu le Cruiser "Iwate" yaye ungayihlazisi ubuqaqawuli weenqanawa Russian. "Varyag", owabulawelwa kwiimeko ezifanayo, igama layo ezoyikekayo wadlulisela inqanawa mihla.

yaziwa kangako ke isiphelo lomnye "Nakhimov" - kwinqanawa yorhwebo uluntu ROPIT ukuba watshona kunxweme Turkish ngo-1897 kwisaqhwithi.

Ngowe-1941, ngexesha yobuqhawe ukukhusela Sevastopol, i Luftwaffe kwathiwa zitshonile inqanawa "Red Ukraine", ngaphambili (phambi kokuba iMfazwe Civil), nto leyo ebizwa ngokuba "Admiral Nakhimov". Cruiser zitshone, ukuba nobuninzi ezivuzayo.

Ngowe-1960 wasuswa evela BSF kwenye inqanawa, sithwele igama umphathi odumileyo aselwandle. Imbali lwaba eyimfihlakalo: enomjukujelwa Cruiser iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu kuphela, kwaye kukho intelekelelo yokuba yasetyenziswa ukufunda iziphumo emzimbeni yomtshangatshangiso kwamanzi ebangwe Inyukliya.

Ngowe-1973, kutshona omnye "Admiral Nakhimov". Kokuwa isitya yophando yenzeka ngalisayo, kuloo ndawo apho umphathi omkhulu Russian aselwandle wenza omnye zoloyiso zakhe zaqaqamba - kwi Bay Tsemess. Inqanawa ngesiquphe enomkhenkce, waya ezantsi ekunene kwi pier.

Ngenxa yokulimala kakhulu ezifunyenweyo kungquzulwano ne ngwenya leyo kuyekiswa inqanawa anti-inkwili enkulu "Admiral Nakhimov". Cruiser (Tsushima), isitya uphando (bay ebandayo), omnye Cruiser (Sevastopol), umrhwebi kwinqanawa (unxweme esemantla Turkey), Kazakhstan (iikhilomitha ezingama-50 ukusuka kunxweme olusemazantsi eCrimea), - kule Ukholo akunakwenzeka ukuba ukongeza omnye iintlekele embi namazibuko yonke imbali yokuthumela. It wawuzinyaswe umkhombe umthwalo "UPetros Vasev" kwaye inqanawa ngexesha sungula lokuthwala igama "Berlin". Ngowe-1986, inqanawa ezimbini ezinkulu ayikwazanga ndiphoswe nganye elinye Novorossiysk Tsemess bay. Emva kokuphumelela indebe "eBerlin" yathiywa igama "Admiral Nakhimov". Le ntlekele athi ubomi amakhulu abakhweli kunye namalungu nqanawa.

Njani na bakholelwa amashwa ekulandeleni igama unelishwa?

Kanti ke, kutheni "Nakhimov"?

Oku kungasentla kungenzi iziqephu iimfihlelo ebuhlungu abaphathi abajongene ukhetho kwegama yenqanawa. Ke ukuba isigqibo, nakuba manani ebuhlungu enjalo, kodwa wavuma, kukho isizathu esilungileyo kulo. Ukongeza, ucazululo olunzulu ngakumbi buso, sinokugqiba ukuba iinqanawa amadoda enxibe igama umphathi odumileyo yomkhosi wamanzi, uninzi lwazo imfaneleyo umntu memory elungileyo, yaye nakwizibetho zabo inebhongo kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa kunye noonyana bayo ngamakroti. Cruiser vehicles "Admiral Nakhimov" kuphinda kunye oogxa bakhe feat abanekratshi "Varyag", kwi-41 omnye inqanawa walwa kunye utshaba ukuya iqokobhe wokugqibela.

Ukufa kubizwa ngokuba ngengozi okanye etyeni, kwaba zobuqhawe.

Ezinye iimeko ezimbini, ukuba kukuyeka fleet lwenzeka ngaphandle kulahlekelwa bubomi bakhe, xa majeure amandla iimeko okanye umyalelo.

Admiral

Pavel Stepanovich Nahimov wahamba yonke indlela igosa Russian, waqala ukusebenza njenge ngodaba isikolo yomkhosi wamanzi kunye nokuthatha afe yobugorha evela ngembumbulu utshaba phezu umbuso Sevastopol kunye epaulettes wempi phezu kwamagxa. Xa eneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu waba kohambo olude ukuya unxweme Denmark kunye Sweden, ukufumana isikhundla phoyisa, waqeshwa kwindawo yokugcina we2 aselwandle Petersburg yezibuko (1818). Ngowe-1822 waba wawongwa Order of St. Vladimir IV degree of inxaxheba kule umjikelo. Wasithethela kumgangatho ibhetri kwi Cruiser "Azov" ngexesha Idabi Navarino kunye awahlali edume "Pallada", kwakheka yinxalenye butho of F. F. Bellinsgauzena. I-Black Sea Fleet uye wakhonza ukususela ngo-1834, umthetho wempi "Silistra". Wathabatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi eCaucasus, kuba athe wawongwa Order of St. Vladimir III. Ngo-Oktobha 1852 ukuba wonyuselwa Vice Admiral.

Zobuqhawe Sevastopol yomlando ufanelwe amagama ezahlukeneyo. kwizinga eliphezulu umphathi yomkhosi wamanzi wabonakala abaninzi yakhe ngokucacileyo. Inkumbulo yayo loo ndoda ifanelwe ukuba igama lakhe wayenxiba enomjukujelwa Cruiser kakhulu ezinamandla mihla. Admiral Nakhimov - iqhawe lesizwe Russian.

qala ukuvuselela

Emva kokuba imvume yokugqibela kunye nokwamkelwa amaxwebhu zobugcisa ibilithuba amanyathelo lokwenene. Ukuqalisa kufuneka ikhulule inqanawa ukusuka yonke umthwalo wezixhobo de sibhalele-off kunye nokuchithwa. Lo msebenzi, nangona ixesha elide, kodwa kunomvuzo. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yeendleko imisebenzi kwi ngokwala maxesha iya neyalo ukutsalwa ubunzima enkulu metal anqabileyo. Cruiser Nuclear "Admiral Nahimov" iye yaba umthombo kwezibonelelo eziziisekondari ubunzima kwafunyanwa iitoni 878, apho 644 ka - ayoni (intsimbi), aluminiyam kwaye nobhedu aluminium (168 m), kwaye exutyiweyo intsimbi engatyiwa ezinomthamo carbon eliphezulu (66 m). Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa zezifundo amatye anqabileyo eziqulethwe izixhobo zombane kunye elektroniki. Kwi inkqubo disassembly nokulungisa wachitha ezingama-20 mln., Yiyiphi na ngaphantsi kakhulu iindleko kwezibonelelo.

Ukongeza amaxabiso ngevangeli, inkqubo sichitha zonke izixhobo ayiyomfuneko kwaye landela another njongo: indawo ubuninzi isiqabu ukunciphisa ziimvula. Loo isixhobo enkulu ayinto akukho lula ukuba kufuneka ome kwi-Dock (caisson) - oku kufuna pontoons, eqhotyoshelwe emzimbeni (kukho ezintandathu). Ababini kubo ezo bezisezilungile babutha ukuba kutywinwe iintanda ophethe moya "Vikramaditya", ngaphambili ezifunyenwe yi India. Eziluncedo kunye ezifunyenwe ngethuba kwale amava oda. Ukuveliswa pontoons, uvavanyo kunye nokuqiniseka efunekayo zombini iindleko ixesha kunye eziphathekayo. Okwangoku, Cruiser zenyukliya "Admiral Nahimov" phakathi esemkhumbini, lo istili kukhululwa zonke akufuneki amafutha enyukliya zisuswe reactor. waqala maxesha.

imigomo kwempucuko

Eyona njongo ephambili kukunika imisebenzi eninzi yokulwa iminqongo alwayo ukusebenza Northern Fleet siliva. Oku kufuna nje kuphela indawo ngokupheleleyo lixesha ukususela ngowe-1980 izixhobo kunye nezixhobo iinkqubo, kodwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba amathuba langoku ngakumbi ngokungqinelana neemfuno eminyaka ezayo. izixhobo Electronic, imijukujelwa kunye nokulawula iinkqubo baphelelwa ukufaneleka ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, kwaye kufuneka asiphinde iimpazamo abayili, abakhi kwi yee- ye Cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov". Yotshintsho, nelingenakutsitywa kwiminyaka embalwa, kufuneka bangenele buhlungu kwaye sitshiphu ukulawula ngaphantsi.

Of kakhulu imisebenzi ezichitha ixesha le Abakhi Sevmash, ivela kwi ndawo yokuqala ingena zazisebenza enomjukujelwa uthambekele umiselwe 3M45 imijukujelwa izakhiwo jikelele UKSK 3S14 sungula nkqo. Mhlawumbi, kwiskim oluthambekileyo andiyi kukunika up (iinkcukacha ezininzi zeprojekthi zigcinwe ngasese), kodwa nokubaleka uza kuphinda kwenziwa ukusuka kwindawo waphuphuma (oku masikhokelwe imfuneko "Tarpaulin" imvelaphi eziphelelwe 3M45). zam Iyonke 20, inani elifanayo kubo, yaye baya kuhlala, kodwa elowo kubo uya sayifumana Inkqubo esebenzisa iimodyuli kunye imijukujelwa ezine. Lilonke inani anti-imijukujelwa ziya kwandisa izihlandlo ezine yaye aya kuba inombolo 80.

Oko baya kuba, ukuba uhlala umva ngokuzenzekela "Onyx" mhlawumbi okanye "oluluhlaza". Cruiser njenge "moya carrier umbulali 'igama libonisa ithuba yokuxhobisa izixhobo spetszaryadami strike (nuclear). Loo inani elikhulu imijukujelwa kwi isixhobo "Nakhimova" bizela "bayathanda" indlela yokwenza isicelo. Bonisa kuhlasela iqela RCC nzima.

Ukongeza ibhetri engundoqo, Tarka kulindeleke ukuba axhobe nge njengendlela subsonic 3M14 zilungiselelwe ekujoliswe ezisentlabathini unxweme. crew Anti-inkwili liya kuqhuba ezintsonkothileyo "Pack-NK" (kunokwenzeka ukuba yinxalenye iingalo shiya kakuhle eqinisekisiwe kwaye lixesha "Ingxangxasi-NK"). mortars izidubuli RBU-6000 endaweni "boas 1", ekwaziyo ezichaphazela ukhuseleko ekuhlaseleni inomzimba.

Umoya ukuziphendulela

Bekuya kuba siyazikhohlisa ukukholelwa ukuba Bureau "Sevmash" Andikhathali ngendlela yokukhusela nxamnye kunokwenzeka moya kuhlaselwa kunye imijukujelwa njengendlela ephambili ekujoliswe ulwandle njenge "Admiral Nakhimov". Cruiser, nakuba zonke iindlela isicelo ukuqinisekisa emfihlekweni wayo, na into ecacileyo kakhulu, yaye kwimeko ungquzulwano yasemkhosini nakanjani kuba lixhoba utshaba anti-systems. Ngaphambili, umsebenzi vangama isigqibo ukuhlasela emoyeni SAM "Fort" C-300F ilungile kakhulu, kodwa ke kufuneka ukuba itshintshwe ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu projekthi kunye nexabiso layo ixesha elide. Bekucingelwa ukuba VOP ekwinqwelo uhlaziye isicwangciso kumgangatho ongezantsi DB scheme kunye neempawu kwibala esimbaxa S-500 n'wina. Bona iintlobo misindo, hayi olujikelezayo, njengokuba ngaphambili, yaye, ngenxa compactness yaso enkulu, baya kuba kakhulu (xa yokugcina anti-moya enomjukujelwa iya kuba yiminyaka elikhulu elinamanci ezimbalwa). Olunye uhlobo, Kakade ke, ayikho umda. Kwakhona C-500, ukulawula isibhakabhaka umkhombe-inkokheli kunye 'qela de' yakhe kujongwe zokudubula enomjukujelwa ezintsonkothileyo "Carapace-M." Nakuba kunjalo, iinkcukacha zobunkokheli yomkhosi wamanzi, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, ngaba angaxeli.

iimpawu ngokubanzi enqanaweni kunye namathemba yayo

Zipapashwa kumaphepha-ndaba avuza ulwazi ukuba maxesha ethile baya kuva isimiso kuquka isixhobo senyukliya, kodwa, kuyabonakala ukuba, utshintsho noshowo akayi kuba ubhalo olululo. Ukuphucula okulungileyo - ukumosha kuphela, ngoko cinga iingcaphephe zomkhosi. "Admiral Nakhimov" - a Cruiser, kwaye ngokunjalo iimpawu zentsebenzo zithathwa elikhethekileyo yokusebenza yayo ukuqhuba achazayo. Xa nokususwa ngokupheleleyo ngeetoni 26.000 kunye kubude leemitha 251, isiphathele isityalo igunya, namandla apho (ngaphezu kwe-100 MW) kuya kuba ngokwaneleyo amandla abemi abaninzi beso sixeko ngayo ikota yabemi yesigidi. Ukongeza sitya reactor enyukliya boilers ezimbini ezingasafunekiyo. aye (njengoko oomatiloshe call rate) - 32 amaqhina. Ingami uluhlu unlimited, Inkululeko epheleleyo iinyanga ezimbini. Eli qela iqulathe oomatiloshe 630 kunye namagosa yamagosa junior kunye amakhulu amagosa.

Xa inqanawa iya kubuyela ukusebenza phaya kuMntla Fleet? Ngokwesi sicwangciso kufuneka ukuba kwenzeke ngo-2018. Mhlawumbi kuya kubakho iingxaki ezithile ezingalindelekanga, leyo ukwandisa nokuphucula ezininzi. Kodwa kuya kufika nakanjani elwandle - Cruiser updated "Admiral Nakhimov". Photo wakhe opapashwe oolindixesha, uya kukuvuyela abahlobo kwilizwe lethu kwaye kungenzeka ukuba alishitshise iintshaba zawo. Yaye nje ifoto ...