Population ubalo - yintoni na le nto? Ukubalwa lokuqala

Okona kubalulekileyo ubutyebi nasiphi na isizwe - abantu, yaye nayiphi na ubutyebi kufuneka ingqalelo. Ngoko ke, lo ubalo - i-akhawunti izibonelelo ezikhoyo. Sixelele ukuba ngubani kuqala engqondweni ukuze ubhale abantu izinto imigaqo kunye neendlela yokuqhuba kokubalwa, yintoni na ngembali yabo nangekamva eRashiya.

Ingcamango Ukubalwa

indawo ethile nganye kuxhomekeke abantu bayo. Bona zinika imali yakhe, kodwa zifuna inkcitho efanelekileyo. Ukuze kucwangciswe kakuhle inkxaso yezoqoqosho kwilizwe, ummandla, isixeko, kufuneka ukwazi bangaphi abantu abahlala kuzo. Ukuze wenze oku, kwaye kukho inani labantu. Le nkqubo eziququzelelwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuze kurekhodwe inani zabemi. Kokubalwa kwakhona utyhila iimpawu ubunjani yabantu, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ulawulo lwezibonelelo kunye nemisebenzi kule ngingqi.

Imbali kubalo ehlabathini

Uninzi ubukhosi yamandulo waqhuba ubalo yokuqala ukuqokelela irhafu evela kubahlali, kwakunye yokucwangcisa ndibhalisele ukuya emkhosini. Abalawuli kufuneka ukwazi inani yengeniso zemali umntu ngamnye, yaye oku ikakhulu ikhutshwa phandle izibalo besilisa. Irhafu ihlawuliswa iintloko zezindlu zooyise, kwakunye umkhosi bagaywa amadoda kuphela, ngoko ke ukuba zibale inani labantu besini eyomeleleyo becala ngexesha kubalo yokuqala. ERoma yamandulo wenza ubalo rhoqo, kukho maxa wambi kuqhutywa "uphando" inqanaba ngokubanzi: nawo wonke kweli lizwe erhafiswa zemali zeecawa ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke kubudala kunye nesini. iinkozo Ukubala eqokelelwe ukuvumela ukwenza izigqibo malunga iimpawu umgangatho yabemi. KumaXesha Aphakathi, isithethe babebhalwa encwadini umbhali imali yerhafu eqokelelwe kubantu abathile baqhubeka. Kodwa ulwazi ezingasetyenziswanga inani abemi babe kakhulu ezinqabileyo. Kuphela inani lamakhaya ukwazi ukuba abaphathi ngelo xesha kubalulekile. Ngokukhula kwemveliso yoshishino kunye looding yabantu abaphuma kwiifama baba inkcazelo ethandwayo iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe kwinani kunye neempawu oluntu. Ubalo iba ngakumbi rhoqo, yaye ukufundiswa okukhulu. Development of manani kunye isosioloji ikhokelela ekubeni kwisensasi ngenkulungwane ye-19 baqalisa kuqhutywa qho yenzululwazi. Kubalo yokuqala udidi olutsha uthathwa ukuba ubalo saseBelgium 1846. It zagutyungelwa zonke labemi langoku kweli lizwe. Ngokuthe ngcembe, la mava kwafikela onke amazwe. Namhlanje kweli hlabathi akukho lizwe linye apho ubuncinane kanye hayi ubalo.

Imbali zobalo eRashiya

Xa Kwiinkulungwane 9-10 iinkosana Russian kwakhona olwenziwe ubhaliso abahlali usebenzisa nokuqokelelwa kwerhafu. Ngenkulungwane ye-13 le Mongols lowo wayithimba ilizwe Russian, baba lwabasunguli ubhaliso amakhaya ukubala ubungakanani irhafu ukuba erhafiswa ezinabantu. Emva kokuba ubunye oozilawuli Russian malunga eMoscow laqalisa inkqubo yokuqhubela iincwadi umbhali apho kukho inani eliqingqiweyo labantu, iilali, iidolophu. Ke irhafu zathathwa, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani umhlaba yi efama. Kamva yaqalisa ifayile podvorovaya, indlu nganye yabhalwa encwadini ekhethekileyo. Ubalo rhoqo eRussia ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-17, ukuba agcinwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-30. Xa uPeter Omkhulu laqalisa inkqubo yophicotho karhulumente kulo, apho rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-20, Ababalwayo kubo ngenani lawo amadoda lizwe. Population ubalo data iye eqhelekileyo, oko likuvumela ukuba wenze naziphi iingqikelelo, ukuchonga iipateni. Abo Uqikelelo abazange oluchanekileyo njengoko kubhaliwe isekelwe ukulungisa kuphela ezo abahlali bathunyelwa irhafu. Abantu ukuboyika zophicotho ezifana njengoko bephelekwa ukugcinwa ngogonyamelo abantu endaweni "ubhaliso", njengoko abaninzi abafuni kuhlawula irhafu yaye wazama ukuphepha ubalo ukuze aphephe ukuhlawula kubo. Emva kokuphathwa serfdom izama ukufumana abantu kweli lizwe, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akuzange kube lula ukuqokelela ulwazi. Kubalo lokuqala jikelele, leyo ingqalelo abafazi nabantwana, kwenzeka kuphela ngowe-1897. Le Ukubala lwaqhutywa ngezizathu ezithathu aze avunyelwe ukuba bahlole ngokupheleleyo labemi. Abantu babecinga nje kuphela, kodwa babe iindidi ezahlukeneyo, ukubuza imibuzo 14 ezahlukeneyo. Census lweenkcukacha kunye nokupapashwa iziphumo bathabatha iminyaka eliqela.

Ukubalwa kwexesha Soviet

Emva kokuba revolution, urhulumente omtsha kwakhona wagqiba kuqhuba ubalo, ebona ukubaluleka kwalo kurhulumente. Ngowe-1920 kwagqitywa ukuba aqhube ubalo ngaxeshanye, ubalo lwezolimo wenze irejista kwamashishini. Ekubeni kwezinye iindawo babesaqhubeka ukulwa, ubalo khange ukunakanwa jikelele. Ukwenza ikhweshine kwayo isetyenziswe kunye neempawu 18, umdla urhulumente omtsha kwabangela imfundo kunye nomsebenzi abemi. Njengoko inkululeko nemimandla ukuba baqhube uphando ezongezelelweyo kwaye iziphumo zokugqibela zanikezelwa ngowe-1921, nto leyo watyhila ukuba labemi beli lizwe abantu abazizigidi 136,6, ngaye 15% - .. Kule mizi, oko kukuthi, eRussia karhulumente kwezolimo ngokupheleleyo.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, ubalo lwabantu eRussia kunye periodicity kwiminyaka emalunga ne-10. Ngowe-1937 okuyiphatha elinye "kubizwa" zabantu. Yaye kwenzeka ukuba, echasene ezilindelekileyo beqela, wawa labemi, yaye kuyabonakala ukuba kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba iziphumo ayegcinwe eyimfihlo. Ukubala entsha kuqhutywa ngo-1939. Kamva, iinkqubo ngokubala inani abemi kweli lizwe bayeka ukuba athimbe kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ubalo waqalisa ukuchitha ngaphantsi. Bebonke ngexesha 7 ubalo lwenziwa eSoviet Union, i yokugqibela - ngo-1989, ngokutsho apho abemi abantu abazizigidi 286,7 kweli lizwe.

Ukubalwa kwe Russia entsha

Ngenxa ngokuwa yiSoviet Union kweli lizwe babesandul ezininzi iingxaki, ingakumbi zohlobo kwezoqoqosho, yaye ukubala inani labahlali urhulumente nje akuthethi ukuhambahamba. Ukubalwa yokuqala yaqhutywa ngo-2002, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba izigidi 145 abantu abahlala eRashiya. Kubalo olulandelayo ngo-2010 ebe ilungiselelwa ngocoselelo ngakumbi aze avunyelwe ukuba ukutyhila kuphela inani yabemi, kodwa iimpawu ubunjani yabemi. Ngokutsho kolu qikelelo, yezigidi 142 abantu abahlala eRashiya. Ngo-2014, emva kokuba nokudliwa eCrimea, ubalo sendawo yabanjwa kwi Territories New, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kubemi zinyuke ngabantu abazizigidi ezi-2,2.

Iinjongo kunye neenjongo Census

Ubalo abantu - yinkqubo enzima esixabiso likhulu, kutheni kufuneka oko? Eyona njongo ephambili yale kubalo - ke gabalala lwe data ngokupheleleyo neempawu demographic, uqoqosho kunye nezentlalo labemi. Uphando labantu rhoqo ukutyhila Dynamics izikhombisi demographic, ukuqinisekisa inqanaba nomgangatho wobomi. Ngokusekelwe kwezi data, urhulumente wenza izigqibo kwicandelo nkqubo loluntu, ukwakha Ingxelo kwezoqoqosho kwaye yenza izicwangciso zophuhliso zeli lizwe. Ngezi njongo enokwenziwa njengoko uphando jikelele, okanye inxenye, umzekelo, ubalo lwezolimo labemi 2016. Iinjongo zezi zifundo ukuhlola imeko amacandelo ngamnye kuqoqosho kunye noluntu. Xa ubalo inomnye umsebenzi ebalulekileyo - kwembali, ebonisa imo yelizwe ngaxa lithile, ngaba umlando ekhethekileyo.

census forms

Ukusuka a esayensi ngqo, ubalo - yinto abemi survey iphela. Kodwa practice, kukho Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezininzi yezi nkqubo. Kumgaqo lokuyifumana data ukwahlula ubalo ulwazi xa kuzaliswa amazwi abantu, kwaye ngexesha elinye-accounting, xa zithathwe data zabantu kwezo fom zobhaliso ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, iifayile zakho kwi-ofisi yokundwendwela. Ngokutsho into yokufunda yabiwe ubalo jikelele kunye noluphakathi, ojonge ukuvavanya ingxenye ethile. Umzekelo, ubalo yezolimo 2016 kuya inxalenye zibanjwa rhoqo ngoosomashishini ubalo. Iifom Ubalo lwalo kwaye manani, ukuba ukhonza iintlobo amalungu, ezifana iikomiti zoluntu. ukhuseleko, imfundo kunye namaziko zonyango.

Izimiso

Population kubalo - ilungiswe ngokwezi imithetho kunye nemigaqo yemisebenzi iinkcukacha-indibano ezithile. Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezenza oluthembekileyo ummeli yokubala ze uvumele ukufumana ulwazi njongo. Le kubalwe:

- Universal, okt ukujongana nazo zonke iindidi oluntu. Ngokwemveli ifakiwe kubalo amaqela amathathu abahlali: ngqo labemi, okt lowo kungoku kwintsimi, abantu ngokusemthethweni, oko kukuthi, esisigxina na amaxwebhu kule sayithi, i rhoqo, lowo uhlala kwenye indawo .... iinyanga ezi-6.

- single-Isigaba - inkqubo kufuneka wenziwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba agubungele ekuthiwa-akhawunti ixesha yaye ungavumeli ukuba babale abantu kwiindawo ezininzi ngexesha elinye.

- acwangcisiweyo. Le ubalo lwenziwa kwi inkqubo ecacileyo, oluyilwe kakuhle ukunika ulwazi oluthe oluthembekileyo.

- gama. Kokubalwa kuyimfuneko umntu ngamnye ukuba udliwano ngokwahlukeneyo.

- Personal. Xa inani le data umntu ifunyenwe kuphela iimpendulo zakhe kwimibuzo.

Kwakhona, ukuba kubalwe ndawonye, ebanjwe ngamathuba athile kwaye ugcine ulwazi oluyimfihlo.

iindlela

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukugqiba labemi. Kubalo lwabemi amaninzi ikhutshwa phandle uhambo, t. E. Ngelo endlwini sabaphenduli walamba oqeshelwe abantu iikhweshine nee nenzaliseko kuwo amazwi abantu. Kukho kwakhona indlela lemibuzo, xa laba bathumela questionnaire agcwalisa ngokwakhe waza wabuyela kwindawo yokuqokelela ulwazi. Enye indlela yokuphumeza kubalo - kokufuna. Kulo mzekelo, abaphendula kuza indawo ekhethekileyo axhotyiswe, aze aphendule khona le khweshine.

Ukubalwa Agricultural 2016

Kanye kwiminyaka 10 ubalo ebanjwe ingakumbi eRashiya - Agriculture. Ijolise ukubala inani labantu abahlala kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni yaye wenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzi kwezolimo. Ukubalwa yezolimo ecwangcisiweyo 2016 iya kuhlawula kuphela abantu abahlala ezilalini, kodwa nabanini babucala iifama, amafama, begadi, oosomashishini kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Injongo yalo mcimbi ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga imeko yokwenyani kwicandelo lezolimo kweli lizwe.

ukubalwa esizayo

Ubalo yokugqibela, oluqhutywa eRashiya ngowe-2010, wazingqina kunokuba ixesha elide kunye umthambo eninzi. Ngoko ke, urhulumente uceba ukubamba kubalo olulandelayo xa usebenzisa i-Internet. Amava amanye amazwe aseYurophu ibonisa ukuba oku kunokwenzeka. Ukubalwa elandelayo kufuneka zibanjwe ngowe-2020, kwaye kulindeleke eli xesha ukuphuhlisa indlela yokuvotela engcono iya kuhlawulela wonke ubani kweli lizwe. Kwakhona ingqalelo umthetho osacetywayo ukwenza kwenxaxheba kufuneka kubalo. Namhlanje, kukho kakhulu labemi enkulu ichibi, nto leyo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, wala ukuba nenxaxheba kolu phando. Ngoko ke, urhulumente ufuna kukho ukubandakanyeka liphezulu labantu kule nkqubo.