Alloying iziqalelo. Impembelelo elements alloying kwiipropati ngentsimbi kunye aluminium

Asebenzise iimveliso zesinyithi kunokubonwa ulwakhiwo, kushishino kunye kwezinye iindawo zezolimo. Ngaphezu koko, lo metal efanayo ngokuxhomekeke entsimini lokusetyenziswa uchaza iipropati ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kunye nokusebenza. Oku kuchazwa iinkqubo kweziyobisi. Inkqubo kwezobugcisa apho billet isiseko uzuza iimpawu ezintsha okanye kuphuculwe iimpawu ezikhoyo. Oku lula izinto esebenzayo, alloying iimpawu ezibangela iikhemikhali kunye neenkqubo emzimbeni we utshintsho kubume yesinyithi.

Iimpawu alloying

ixabiso Big kodwa ingacaci kwiinkqubo kweziyobisi le carbon. Kwelinye icala, eyavela lwesakhiwo yenkcenkce ngokomyalelo 1.2% igalelo ukwandisa amandla, ngokuba lukhuni kunye nomgangatho brittleness ebandayo, yaye kwelinye - oko kunciphisa conductivity thermal kwanokuxinana umbandela. Kodwa oku kubalulekile. Njengazo zonke iziqalelo ingxubevange, idityaniswa ekwenzeni inkqubo yokujongwa phantsi kwempembelelo emandla lobushushu. Noko ke, asingabo bonke ukungcola yaye amacandelo esebenzayo bazondelele kule isakhiwo emva kokugqitywa msebenzi. Nje carbon asale intsimbi kunye ngokuxhomekeke phezu iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo ubuchwepheshe imveliso yokugqibela lisengagqiba yokucokisa metal okanye ukugcina iimpawu zayo ngoku. Oko kukuthi, ukuba zinokwahluka inqanaba carbon kweziyobisi yi umsebenzi okhethekileyo.

Kwakhona kuluhlu lwe izinto eziphambili kweziyobisi kufuneka zenziwe lesilicon kunye manganese. Siqala ukuya kwisakhiwo ekujoliswe kulo ipesenti ubuncinane (hayi ngaphezulu kwe 0.4%) kunye nempembelelo encinane kutshintshwe workpiece akanayo iimpawu. Noko ke, eli candelo yemanganizi kubalulekile njenge arhente deoxidizing kunye yokubopha. Le propati kubangela alloying kwisiseko ukuthembakala isakhiwo, nolusasebenzayo nangoku kule nkqubo nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwenza Umbono kunokwenzeka ezinye izinto eziphilayo sele esebenzayo kunye ukungcola.

izinto alloying Auxiliary

Kweli qela lweziqalelo ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka titanium, molybdenum, boron, vanadium, njl Ummeli evelele yale ikhonkco na molybdenum, nto leyo isoloko isetyenziswa ngentsimbi chrome. Ngokukodwa, encediswa metal ukunyuka hardenability, kwakunye lifinyele hladolomkosti zisembundwini wawo. Luncedo yodidi zokwakha, kwaye ukusetyenziswa inamacandelo molybdenum. Le miba ingxubevange ngempumelelo ngentsimbi, nezinika amandla obuluqilima kunye static zesinyithi, lo gama ukuphelisa imingcipheko igcwala lwangaphakathi. Yona titanium, isetyenziswa kungafane yaye omnye kuphela umsebenzi - besila Isakhiwo okuziinkozo aluminiyamu chromium-manganese. Ekuza kujoliswa kuzo ukuze kuchazwe calcium bakhokele. Bona zisetyenziselwa izikhewu yesinyithi, ezithi ke ngoko phantsi ahlabayo imisebenzi.

izinto Classification alloying

Ukongeza kwicandelo olunemiqathango kakhulu alloying iielementi engundoqo ngokwemfundo kwanancedisayo, kusebenza kwakhona neminye imiqondiso, ngakumbi elithile umahluko. Umzekelo, kwi ubuchwephetshe bokuba ifuthe iimpawu aluminium kunye izinto zentsimbi zahlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu:

• Kuchaphazela ukwakheka carbides.
• Kunye zinguquko polymorphic.
• Ngexesha lokusekwa iikhompawundi intermetallic.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba sihlandlo ngasinye kwezi zintathu isiphumo alloying iielementi iimpawu iikhompawundi intermetallic kwakhona abaxhomekeke ubumdaka. Umzekelo, ixabiso usenokuba iqela le carbon enye okanye intsimbi. Kukho kwakhona kudidi lweziqalelo sele inguqu polymorphic yohlobo igalelo. Ngokukodwa, izinto kuma leswaku ubukho ferrite exutyiweyo kwi ingxubevange, kananjalo analogue zabo, uzinziso kangangoko ukukhuthaza isiqulatho austenite kungakhathaliseki lobushushu.

Isiphumo alloying phezu aluminium kunye yodidi

Kukho iindlela ezininzi apho kungaphuculwa iimpawu ubunjani ngentsimbi. Eyokuqala umgangatho ebonakalayo ezibonakalisa namancedo elayibrari zobugcisa. Nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi elicandelo kungandisa amandla, ductility, ngokuba lukhuni kunye hardenability. Enye indlela enamandla ngayo kwicala izinto alloying kukuphucula iipropati umqobo. Kule nkalo, oko kukunika ukuxhathisa impembelelo, lukhuni ebomvu, ukumelana ubushushu isinyuko eliphezulu intshabalalo entsimbini. Kuba izicelo ezithile zesinyithi alungiswa banikwa iipropati electrochemical. Kulo mzekelo, izinto alloying enokusetyenziswa ukuphucula Unikezelo lombane kunye thermal, ukumelana igcwala, kwaye magnitopronitsaemosti njalo. D.

Iimpawu eziphembelela admixtures eziyingozi

abameli imifuziselo ubumdaka eziyingozi ezi phosphorus kunye nesalfure. Malunga phosphorus, oku kubonelelwa kunye compound intsimbi ekwaziyo wokusungula iinkozo abuthathaka ezikhoyo emva alloying. Ngenxa yoko, ingxubevange isiphumo uphelelwa izinga eliphezulu lexinene sanikwa brittleness. Nangona kunjalo, lo ezimbaxa kunye carbon aze anike impendulo eyakhayo ekuphuculeni inkqubo ngokwahlukana chip. Olu phawu liququzelela iinkqubo machining. Isalfure, ke, kubaluleke izinto eziyingozi ngakumbi. Ukuba isiphumo leziqalelo alloying kwi intsimbi lilonke kujongwe ukuphucula ukuxhathisa lwezixhobo kwiimpembelelo yangaphandle, oku ishenxisa admixture njengeqela. Umzekelo, eyavela phezulu kubume kukhokelela ekwandeni ukumelana okubangwa nokunciphisa fatigue metal ze unciphise nokumelana.

enza kweziyobisi Technology

Ngokuqhelekileyo lo kweziyobisi lwenziwa phantsi imveliso intsimbi kwaye ke ophetheyo okanye ukuqaliswa ubunzima olutyhidiweyo izinto ezongezelelweyo kuxoxwe ngasentla. Ngenxa yonyango ubushushu kubume kukho iinkqubo imichiza ngokwasemzimbeni ngenxa iikhompawundi kwezinto ezithile kunye deformation. Ngoko ke, izinto alloying kuvumela ukuphucula umgangatho weemveliso ngentsimbi.

isiphelo

Nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi i iimpawu inkqubo utshintsho entsonkothileyo le sentsimbi. Entsonkothileyo ikakhulu iqulathe ekukhetheni iresiphi kangangoko ekuqaleni ukuphumeza iipropati ezinqwenelekayo wabeka preform. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, isiphumo izinto alloying ezahlukeneyo kunye antsonkothileyo. Omnye kwaye icandelo efanayo esebenzayo le additive unakho, umzekelo, kwangaxeshanye ukuphucula yobugorha intsimbi kunye kwehlisa conductivity yayo thermal. Umsebenzi lweenjineli kukuphuhlisa yindibaniselwano awinileyo lweziqalelo eziya kwenza inxalenye metal okanye isakhiwo zifanelekileyo iimpawu zayo ngokwemiqathango injongo ethile.