Abazali Esenina. Indawo awazalelwa kuyo imbongi enkulu Russian

Phambi kokuba ize nibuzise ukuba ngubani na abazali Esenina, kufuneka sivume ngokunyaniseka bayavuma ukuba ibali liphela isaza ekugqibeleni kuncitshiswa abe nobomi kunye nomsebenzi wembongi. Kwaye ngako uyakwazi ukubhala ngonaphakade, kuba abalandeli basoloko unomdla kubantu abaye yanefuthe ukuyilwa ubuntu bakhe, yaye yokusingqongileyo apho wakhula le yentsimbi Russian elikhethekileyo ubukhulu kufutshane Pushkin kunye Lermontov, indlela uthando ekungabekwanga ikhula unanamhla .

kwazalelwa

Birthday Esenina kwenzeka kwikona entle Russia Oktobha 3, 1895. Le edge zobungangamela Yesenin namhlanje, yonke imihla kuthatha isixa esikhulu yabatyeleli. Imbongi elizayo wazalelwa Konstantinovo (kummandla Ryazan), kwilali yakudala, leyo esizigubungeleyo ngokukhululekileyo ehlathini kunye namasimi phezu kodonga lasekunene Oka. Uhlobo kwezi ndawo na uthixo wempembelelo, kuba akukho nto indawo awazalelwa kuyo ngqondi nangomphefumlo ezinikeleyo Russian.

House Yesenin e Konstantinovo sele kudala ukususela abe imyuziyam. amadlelo Ikhaphethi olubanzi, nezihlambo yelizwe kufuphi nomlambo yaba nelaye lasisiseko kwimibongo imbongi elikhulu. Rodina waye mthombo yeNkosi eyayicace wakhe, yena usoloko alele, ukuzoba amandla otchemu uthando Russian ekhaya, umoya Russian kunye nabantu bakhe.

abazali Esenina

uyise imbongi kaThixo, Alexander Nikitich Yesenin (1873-1931 gg.) Ukususela bememelela ulutsha kwikwayara yecawa. Yena waba ngumlimi, kodwa ezingafanelanga njengoko ngokusekuhleni, ngenxa nabalimi nemicimbi ihashe yokubopha abakwazanga. Ngoko ke, ndaza ndaya kusebenza eMoscow kumaKanan Krylov, lowo ephethe ivenkile owawukade yakhe. Alexander Yesenin waba swii kakhulu. Waba ukuhlala ixesha elide ngokunzulu yi-window, kakhulu kunqabile wancuma, kodwa ndithi izinto ezinjalo etyeni ukuba ngeenxa zonke, iqengqwa yintsini.

Unina Imbongi kaThixo, Tatyana Fedorovna Titova (1873-1955 GG.), Too, waba kwintsapho yamahlwempu. Yena phantse ubomi bakhe bonke babehlala Konstantinovo. ummandla Ryazan waphantse ude uthinjwe ngumfazi wakhe. Tatiana Feodorovna wamnika unyana wakhe Sergei amandla kunye nokuzithemba italente, ngaphandle kuyo ukuba akanakuze elalinokudelela ukuya eSt Petersburg.

Abazali Esenina babengawuthandi emtshatweni, kodwa unina yonke wahlala ngentliziyo enzima ubuhlungu obumangalisayo entliziyweni yam, yaye ukuba kukho izizathu ezinzulu.

UMzalwan 'Alexander Razgulyaev

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi, kodwa ecaleni engcwabeni imbongi kwi Vagankovsky emangcwabeni kukho stepbrother ingcwaba Esenina unina - Alexander Ivanovich Razgulyaevo. Eyona nto kukuba Tatyana Fedorovna, ngoxa Ndandisemncinci kakhulu, watshata Alexander Nikitich hayi ngenxa yothando. Abazali Esenina ngandlela thile akazange ngoko nangoko hit off. Uyihlo ngoko nangoko emva kokuba betshatile, wabuyela eMoscow, ukuba ivenkile le unosilarha ngayo yonke yomrhwebi Krylov, apho wasebenza ngaphambili. Tatyana Fedorovna waye umfazi kwesimilo kunye musa siqhubeka nokuba nomyeni wakhe okanye-mthetho.

UNyana Sergei ithunyelwa ngoqeqesho kubazali bakhe yaye ngowe-1901 waza waya kukhangela imisebenzi kwi Ryazan waza wadibana khona njengoko kwabonakala ngoko, uthando lwakhe olukhulu. Kodwa ulahlekiso Kwadlula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukusukela koku uthando enesono ka unyana, Alexander (1902-1961 gg.).

Tatyana Fedorovna wayefuna ukufumana umtshato, kodwa umyeni wakhe akazange anikezele. Le nkwenkwe kwakufuneka ukunika umongikazi EP Razgulyaevo uze ubhale igama lakhe. Ukususela ngoko, ubomi bakhe wajika neshologu, yena ubunzima, balangazelelwayo usana, maxa wambi watyelela kuye, kodwa akaba nako ukukhetha up. Sergey Esenin wafunda ngayo ngowe-1916, kodwa ke badibana kuphela 1924th endlwini kayisemkhulu - Fedor titov.

Alexander Nikitich Yesenin wabhala Catherine intombi yakhe enkulu, owayehlala Benislavskoy, kuba kwakubuhlungu kakhulu ukunyamezela ngenxa yokoyika ukuba wathabatha Aleksandra Razgulyaeva wabo. Ingqumbo nxamnye nonina kwakukho entliziyweni imbongi. Nangona wayesazi ukuba umzalwana wakhe Alexander akukho ndlela ityala, kodwa ubudlelwane obuhle nabo babengekho.

Aleksandr Ivanovich Razgulyaev, Kakade, abanekratshi umzalwana wakhe. Yena waphila ubomi kaloliwe womsebenzi abathobekileyo, bazisa abantwana abane. Zonke iinkumbulo baso ebuntwaneni leenkedama wachaza ngo "Autobiography".

odade

Esenina ziye ozithandayo kunye noodade ababini, Catherine noAlesandire (1911-1981 gg.) (1905-1977 gg.). UCatherine akamsukela umzalwana wakhe Konstantinovo waya eMoscow. Apho wamnceda kwimicimbi boncwadi nokupapasha, uze emva kokufa kwakhe, yaba ungumgcini koovimba bakhe. UCatherine watshata umhlobo osenyongweni Esenina - ". Kwimeko oonobumba" Basil Nasedkina zinganakwa kwaye kwenziwe NKVD ngo-1937 kwi mbumbulu-up Yena ufumana ithuba leminyaka emibini. Wafa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo eMoscow.

udade yesibini ogama Alexandra. Kwakhona umsebenzi omninzi kunye nomzamo wazibhokoxa ukwakha Esenina iimyuziyam, ngokubonelela iifoto, yesandla nezinye ezixabisekileyo ezinjalo ziyalungiswa. Umahluko ne lo mzalwana wayeneminyaka engama-16 ubudala. Ngothando ngokuthi Shurenkov yakhe. Ekupheleni kuka-1924, emva kokubuya evela phesheya, Yayithabatha yayibeka kuye eMoscow. Umama wamsikelela Tikhvin Icon ye nguMama kaThixo, ngoku kwiMyuziyam of Yesenin eMoscow. Imbongi wayemthanda noodade bakhe, waza wafumana ulonwabo olukhulu ukunxibelelana nabo.

ogogo

wazisa ixesha Yesenin elide ukuya ugogo koomama. Igama kokukaMakhulu yaba Natalia Evtihievna (1847-1911gg.), Yaye utatomkhulu wakhe - (. 1845-1927 gg) Fyodor kwiintsapho zabo, ukongeza umzukulwana ka Sergei, waphila noko kunye noonyana babo abathathu. Kuyinto ngenxa umakhulu wakhe Yesenin wadibana intsomi kazwelonke. Umxelele amabali amaninzi, becula iingoma kunye ditties. Imbongi ngokwakhe wavuma ukuba amabali kamakhulu wakhe kwamenza ukuba ubhale indinyana yokuqala. Uyisemkhulu Theodore wayeyindoda yokholo, ngubani na uqhelene iincwadi ibandla, ngoko yonke ngokuhlwa ekhayeni labo bebefunda.

Ukudlulela uyise

Emva kokuphumelela utitshala ecaweni-school Msindisi Klepikovsky ngo-1912 kwaye bathweswa izidanga utitshala wesikolo igrama, ngoko nangoko Yesenin wafudukela uyise eMoscow esitratweni. Aliqhawule e Big Strochenovskiy leyini d. 24 (ngoku likwaneklinkhi imyuziyam Esenina).

Alexander Yesenin wakholiswa ekufikeni kwakhe, waza wacinga ukuba unyana wakhe wayeza kuba umncedisi yakhe ethembekileyo, kodwa wacaphuka xa wamxelela ukuba wayefuna ukuba abe yimbongi. Okokuqala, wanceda uyise, kodwa ke waqala ukuba izimvo zabo ebomini waza wafumana umsebenzi kwindlu yoshicilelo I. D. Sytina. Kwaye ke asiyi kwakhona ukuba phinda yonke engobomi bakhe ethi, nto leyo esele kwaziwa ngokwaneleyo kakuhle, kwaye zama ngcono ukuqonda ukuba yintoni abantu.

Pohabnik and kicker

Ngayo wayedla izinto ezininzi ezingemnandi. Isidubedube kunye nokunxila ngenene baba ingaqhelekanga ebomini imbongi, kodwa italente yakhe inkonzo kwimibongo wabaphatha kakhulu kwaye ngentlonipho. Ngokutsho imbongi ngokwakhe, kwaye amazwi abantu abasondeleyo kuye, ezifana iikulya Schneider, akazange abhale ukwimeko kunxilwe.

Njengoko imbongi yesazela, akanakuhlala cwaka, kwa kunye noluvo iintlungu ngenxa lizwe, leyo Bawela sisiphithiphithi epheleleyo, ekonakaleni nendlala, uye wasebenzisa izibongo bakhe isixhobo ngokuchasene norhulumente ( "uAshera yegolide ..." "Ngoku kancinci ukuya ... "," Soviet Russia "yaye" shwaka Russia ").

Kutshanje, umsebenzi wakhe igama fanekisela - "The Land of iindlavini". Emva kokubhala ubomi bakhe Yesenin litshintshile kakhulu, kwaye baqalisa sijika ityala uburheletyo kunye nokunxila. Imbongi ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngemibuzo abantu abasuka GPU, ngubani "bathunga" ishishini lakhe. Okokuqala, babefuna ondohlwayayo kuye nokonyanywa kwamaJuda, ngoko ndandisenawo impumelelo. Leo Tolstoy kaThixo umzukulwana Nozipho ebusika 1925 kwamnceda ukuba abalekele intshutshiso, kokuvumelana unjingalwazi intloko Gannushkina ukuba imbongi igumbi eyahlukileyo. Kodwa kwakukho oontamnani, kunye Esenina kwakhona "wathabatha aim". Disemba 28 waphathwa wabulawa ukuzibulala wumbi.

ekhaya Esenina

Ukususela ngowe-1914, Yesenin wayehlala ligosa likarhulumente kunye Anna Romanovna Izryadnova iimpazamo zabaguquleli (1891-1946 gg.). Yazala unyana, uYuri, owaphumelela evela eMoscow lweenqwelo yesikolo yobugcisa, emkhosini iyavuma, kodwa wadutyulwa 1937 ngezityholo zobuxoki. Umama wam wafa ngaphandle kokwazi isiphelo sonyana wakhe.

Ngowe-1917, imbongi wayetshate kunye Zinaidoy Rayh - ongumdlali Russian nomfazi elizayo lomlawuli V. E. Meyerholda. Esenina usapho ezikhuphile omnye abantwana ababini: Tatiana (1918-1992 GG.), Yeyiphi kamva waba umbhali nentatheli, kunye Constantine (1920-1986 GG.), Ngubani waba intatheli ekhatywayo manani. Kodwa couple kwakhona into zange ukusebenza, kwaye ngo-1921 ukuba umtshato ngokusemthethweni.

Esenina Phantse nangoko kukho intlanganiso kunye ngumdanisi American Aysedoroy Dunkan, lowo watshata iinyanga ezintandathu kamva. Bobabini, baye baya eYurophu nase-United States. Kodwa bebuyela ekhaya, ngelishwa, sahlukana.

Ibali omkhulu yadlalwa kunye unobhala Esenina Galina Benislavskoy, nto leyo umhlobo wakhe weqiniso noqotho kwi ezona zinto kwakunzima kuye. Ngayo, wadibana yaye maxa wambi wahlala naye. Badibana ngo-1920. Emva kokufa imbongi kwi 1922nd yena wadubula yena ingcwaba lakhe emadlakeni Vagankovsky. Angcwatywa ecaleni kwakhe.

Esenina ziye zaba unyana ongumgqakhwe yimbongi Nadezhda Volpin Davydovna - Alexander. Wazalwa May 12, 1924, njengoko umntu omdala bathutha ukuya US waza waba yezibalo. Alexander wafa kutshanje - ngoMatshi 2016 eBoston.

ubuhlobo zakutsha Yesenin usapho yakhiwe Sofya Tolstoy. Wayefuna ukuqala ubomi obutsha, kodwa ukufa Wayixakaxa izicwangciso elifutshane. Esenina ngomhla wokuzalwa, Oktobha 3, 2015, lonke ilizwe ibhiyozele iminyaka eli-120. Iya kuthakazelelwa kakhulu wajika le mbongi abanetalente.

UYobi

Wayethimba iLeningrad Esenina, unyana uKonstantin, ngubani balwa ngaphambili yaye wacela ukuba ukuboleka ikhefu, enye imihla ongemhle ka-1943 Wabonakala ekudibaneni kwe Nevsky kunye Liteiny Ithemba. Ijoni ikepusi nahlobuchennoy bakhe, atyabukile idyasi yakhe, ezitshileyo ngequbuliso wabona ukuba ivenkile "iincwadi ezindala", kwaye kungekho nayiphi na injongo yafika kuye. Yena wema waza wakhangela iincwadi ekrelekrele. Emva ezinukayo imigxobhozo kunye izisele osklizshih ube phakathi iincwadi kwaba phantse sindiso kuye. Kwaye ngoko othengisayo, lowo waba udiniwe kakhulu waza wazala imiqondiso yindlala kakhulu kunye namava kuloo mntu, kweza indoda waza wathi kuye, ange engayekwanga na imiqulu ezincinane Esenina. Wathi ukuba ngoku iincwadi zakhe zinqabile kakhulu, kwaye loo ndoda nangoko. Constantine wamangaliswa ukuba ekungqingweni nasekuxinweni, kubomi ngqwabalala yaye iyatyhudisa umntu kufuneka Yesenin. Ngokumangalisayo, isitora ngalo mzuzu kwi engathi kunye neebhutsi anodaka joni wabonakala ecaleni Constantin Imbongi Yesenin -syn ...