Ubunzulu isiseko strip: izibonelelo ezisisiseko. Indlela ukufumanisa ubunzulu isiseko strip

Isiseko nasiphi isakhiwo - isiseko. Ngomsebenzi wakhe wokwakha yokuqala. isiseko strip sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokwakha izindlu zabucala kunye nezakhiwo mveliso. Izisa phantsi zokwakha ngeendonga enzima okanye isilingi. Ubunzulu isiseko strip ibalwa kwangaphambili, phambi kokuba kuqale zokwakha eziphambili. Kuxhomekeke eziliqela iimeko.

Ukumiselwa kwe ubunzulu

Ubunzulu isiseko strip - umgama ukusuka kwindawo ephantsi komhlaba ukucuthwa emhlabeni. Xa umongo a kwikasi okanye uxande. Eli xabiso kubalwa. Ukuze kubalwe ifuna ulwazi ethile - zobunjineli, zokwakheka komhlaba. Umgangatho kunye noyilo oluthembekileyo isakhiwo elizayo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke bokuqonda ungenza kuphela yincutshe.

Yintoni ubunzulu isiseko strip kufuneka kwimeko nganye, ibe ngokuchanekileyo ogqitywe inani indicators. Kuba zonke iintlobo zeenqwelwana, nangantoni material ukuze kwenziwe, abasoloko bayithathele ingqalelo.

Zimisela ubunzulu isiseko komcu. The main amalungiselelo kuvumela uyilo:

• uhlobo kunye iimpawu umhlaba;
• umthwalo isiseko (ubunzima lwesakhiwo);
• ubunzulu yovalo bomhlaba;
• Inkitha, umhlaba okanye ipropati ukutshintsha i parameters of umthamo wayo ngokuxhomekeke ubushushu kuma kulo;
• iimpawu ngesakhiwo (ebusweni kwigumbi elingaphantsi, inani imigangatho);
• izalathi si zokunikwa inqanaba komhlaba.

Ukwahlukanisa ngokohlobo

Umhlube isiseko - isijungqu esiqhubekayo izinto ezomeleleyo (ngokubanzi eziphathekayo), ebaleka kunye kujikelezo isakhiwo yonke. Ukubeke phantsi zonke iindonga eyinkunzi ingaphakathi ebonakalayo. Yenza oku ngendlela eya isiseko isiseko ebubanzi ngaphezu iindonga ngokwabo nge ubuncinane 10 cm.

Baya kuza iintlobo ezimbini: monolithic kwaye olwalusele, kodwa zombini zibizwa ngokuba "komcu lesiseko." Ubunzulu yayo ibalwa zombini iintlobo. Monolithic zifuna ixesha elingakumbi ufakelo, kodwa ivumela iqula ukukhusela elingaphantsi ukusuka ukufuma kwaye akwazi naluphi uqwalaselo lesiseko. isakhiwo eso sisetyenziselwa ukuba ukwenziwa eziphathekayo.

Kuba lungiselelo precast ngakumbi ibhanti ithathe isiseko okanye iibhloko eziphathekayo ubukhulu eqhelekileyo. Ubunzulu umaleko esezantsi iibhloko kufuneka iisentimitha ezili-15 ngezantsi ubunzulu yovalo bomhlaba. Loo isiseko isakhiwo:

• ngokuba zokwazisa okulandelayo kwaso iindonga ngamatye, ngekhonkrithi okanye ngezitena kunye ukuxinana ngentla 1300 kg / m ^3;
• ngokuba ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo lunzima phezu kwalo, kwaye luqiniswe imigangatho enamandla zekhonkrithi;
• ukuba iindonga isiseko precast womhlaba okanye kwesakhiwo;
• ukuba isiseko iyafakwa kumhlaba owahlukeneyo.

Classification ngu ukujula ngokubekwa

Ukwahlula iziseko kunye nobunzulu ngokubekwa:

• Melkozaglublenny esetyenziselwa izindlu ukukhanya kwimihlaba slabopuchinistyh. Ubunzulu kwe tape isiseko sale hlobo isusela ukusuka iisentimitha-50 ukuya kuma-70.
• Ingontsi asetyenziswe ekwakheni izindlu e imigangatho eziliqela, kunye neendonga enzima okanye elingaphantsi kwimihlaba samadoda. Loo isiseko ngokubekwa kubunzulu ukusuka-20 cm ukuya kuma-30 cm ngaphantsi kwenqanaba yovalo lomhlaba. Olu hlobo kwesiseko, Kakade ke, inokuthenjwa yaye ayikho phantsi deformation. Ngako oko, ubomi inkonzo yayo enkulu kakhulu kunolo isiseko melkozaglublennogo.

ibalwe ngokuchanekileyo ubunzulu isiseko iya kuvumela ukuba ukukhonza ukuya kwiminyaka engama-70 ngaphandle yesondlo. Ngaphezu base komhlaba kufuneka nakuvuka ngaphantsi ngaphezu kweesentimitha ezi-30. Le nxalenye ingenziwa ngezitena, ilitye okanye iibhloko eziphathekayo.

Ubuhle nobubi

uhlobo ngalunye strip sesiSeko nezinto eziluncedo:

• monolithic:

- abanamandla;

- ithembekile;

- Nayiphi na ukumisa kunokwenzeka.

• amaqela:

- Easy ukuba ukuhlangana;

- ukunciphisa imveliso ixesha kwisiseko.

Bobubi zonke iintlobo strip izisekelo:

• isixa esikhulu ixesha ukuvelisa wonke umsebenzi eziyimfuneko;
• inkqubo ubuxhakaxhaka;
• kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu.

Isisekelo iibhloko eziphathekayo kangako pfunaka. Ifanele ingakumbi ekwakheni iindlela ezilula (kunye nezibonelelo loqwalaselo entsonkothileyo kufuneka ukusika iibhloko) kwaye amalungu angase avuze.

Enoba uhlobo strip isiseko ayisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, ifuna ubalo kakuhle ubunzulu isiseko yonke into.

Kuxhomekeka kumhlaba

Uhlobo precoat layer kubaluleke kakhulu xa kubalwa ubunzulu isiseko. Esi salathisi linxulunyaniswa inqanaba aphantsi komhlaba kwi ratio lwabo luxhomekeke, njengoko ziza kuxhotyiswa komcu lesiseko. Ukujula kwawo kuyahlukana nedlela nokuqulunqwa umhlaba ngokwawo. Le ubudlelwane kunokubonwa kule theyibhile ingezantsi:

qhwa lomhlaba

Kungasisalathisi esibalulekileyo sibone oko kuyimfuneko ubunzulu isiseko strip yi qhwa zomhlaba. ngenxa ophathekayo ezifana njengoko ukwanda umthamo wamanzi ngelixa okupholisa By, kufuneka wazi kanye ubunzulu iqabaka umthondo. Ebusika, ukufuma equlethwe qhwa emhlabeni, iqala ukwandisa umthamo. "Puchitsya" primer kunyusa phezu kwaso nasiphi na isakhiwo egxile kuyo.

Le meko azikwazi ityeshelwe. amandla yovalo amanzi liphezulu kakhulu (khumbula kalula ngayo loo maqhekeza omkhenkce waphula kombhobho). ulolo hlobo komhlaba kunokukhokelela ukutshatyalaliswa isiseko.

Kwaye apho ixabiso le umgangatho womhlaba, njengoko kuboniswa data inikwe kule theyibhilie.

Ngeqondo eliphezulu Inkitha lomhlaba strip isiseko kufuneka nakanjani babe monolithic. nzulu ebandayo kuxhomekeke iimeko zemozulu zale ndawo kunye nendawo yayo kuyo. Kuba indawo umntu ngamnye yobalo ubunzulu kufuneka kwenziwe iziseko ngokubekwa ngenxa yeempawu avareji yonyaka lobushushu.

Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza njalo kungakhokelela deformation ye ezindongeni nokutshatyalaliswa yonke sakhiwo.

komhlaba

Amava abonisa ukuba nenqanaba lokufunda ime (avareji) aphantsi komhlaba kakhulu ukunyenyisa ekubaleni ukuphakama tape ngokubekwa isiseko. Ukuba amanzi komhlaba ebusika lingaphumi ngaphezu kangangeemitha ezi-2 ukuya kwinqanaba (kakhulu) yovalo lomhlaba, umgangatho womhlaba ebandayo ziyatyeshelwa.

Kungenjalo, ubeke isiseko kusoloko ngaphantsi kwenqanaba lomhlaba amazinyo kwi 20-30 cm. Ngenxa kufutshane kwamanzi kunye umhlaba umanzi kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi (umkhuhlane) nzulu kakhulu.

Ukujula komhlaba

Isiseko ngaphantsi kwendlu, ukongezelela zonke ezinye iimeko, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo isakhiwo kwesakhiwo ngokwayo. Ukuba inika elingaphantsi, ubunzulu zephetshana isiseko phantsi indlu elungiselelwe iisentimitha 40 ngaphantsi kwenqanaba kumgangatho ongaphantsi. Ngoko ukuba uthathe ingqalelo umgangatho womhlaba amazinyo (kulo mzekelo, ndayomisa ngeentende isiseko kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi), njengoko inqanaba emanzini (isiseko sole kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu).

Xa isakhiwo nomhlaba kunye nesiseko esifanelekileyo ngaphandle efihlakeleyo kubunzulu ezincinane kakhulu - 70 cm. Kwimihlaba ezimanzi, ubunzulu ubuncinane kangange-120.

izakhiwo

Free-emi isakhiwo isiza ipoma akudingi ingqalelo ngaphantsi kwendlu. Nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezincinane kwaye ukukhanya nobunzulu ebalulekileyo kakhulu isiseko komcu. Kuba bath enokwenziwa ukuya kubunzulu ngeesentimitha eziyi-50 ukuya kuma-70. Oku kwanele ukuxhasa ubunzima izakhiwo ngamaplanga.

Kuba ukusebenza oluthembekileyo kweendawo ezisecaleni ithathele ingqalelo kungekuphela nje ubunzima ngesakhiwo. Thatha ingqalelo zonke ezinye parameters ezichaphazela ukubalwa ubunzulu isiseko komcu.

Izibalo ezifanayo amalungiselelo isiseko izincomo nezinye izakhiwo efama: barn, workshop, igaraji, yeenkuku yenkukhu okanye navimba izilwanyana.

Ubunzulu kunye neentlobo ngokubekwa ndaxheleka emphefumlweni

Ubunzulu zephetshana isiseko lwezitena phantsi unogada kufuneka angqinelane ucingo ubunzima ekujoliswe. Ukuba uceba ukwakha ngokupheleleyo ngezitena, ukubala lo ubunzulu inkoliso iziseko iyafana nje yesakhiwo oluqhelekileyo.

Ngokupheleleyo uthango ezitena - ubumnandi eqolo. Amaninzi ezenziwe ngezitena ngokwenza izibonda ayimise ucingo enganeno phakathi kwabo. Kukho ezahlukeneyo ezimbini lwamalungiselelo kwesiseko phantsi kolu hlobo kocingo :

• bhanti, kujikelezo;
• columnar - kuphela iintsika ngezitena.

isiseko pier nayo ifuna ukubambelela imithetho ethile esebenza kuyo zonke iingcebiso kwimihlaba Inkitha, ubunzulu wayo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi qhwa zomhlaba.

ubuchwepheshe bale mihla

lobuchwepheshe Modern nomgangatho material (concrete) ivumela ukuba kwimihlaba ezinzima esetyenziswa iziseko melkozaglublennye. Oku kakhulu kunciphisa ixesha kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, kunye neendleko (isiseko wokwakha unako ukwenza i-25% yeendleko wendlu).

Phantsi imithetho ethile melkozaglublenny onokuwutyhila umphambili iziseko, kungafakwa isimangalo kubunzulu-50 cm nokuba kwimihlaba samadoda. efunekayo ngpahmbi:

• Ukusetyenziswa isiseko ufakelo lwesamente monolithic okanye kwibakala M200 M300;
• waya emseleni phantsi isiseko se tape efunekayo yokugquma neentango (istro macwecwe) kwaye ugalele nezinto nepuchistye;
• yegusha kunye imijelo inqanaba iphedi zesanti kunye zegrabile ubukhulu ubuncinane 2 cm;
• lateral iziseko indawo ngamanzi kunye zigqunyiwe (amacwecwe istro);
• kwisisu nepuchinistym igcwaliswe naziphi na izinto (umxube zegrabile kunye nesanti, isanti, amahlalutye).

buchwepheshe sele ngokubanzi kwaye ngempumelelo asetyenziswe ekwakheni izakhiwo eUnited States, nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. iminyaka emininzi yamava siqinisekisa ithuba ekongeni kumsebenzi wokwakha kwi ekubekeni isiseko.