Zempilo, Amayeza
AB0 system kunye ilifa amaqela egazini abantu
Loo nto amele iqela igazi, ufanele wazi!
Nezakhi kwinkqubo yegazi
Isakhiwo antigenic komzimba womntu inzima kakhulu. igazi inzululwazi yanamhlanje kuphela lifumanisile amalunga namakhulu amahlanu ezisegazini, simanyene kwiinkqubo 40 antigenic: MNSs, AB0, kell, Duffi, Luteran, Lewis et al.
Nganye kwezi nkqubo nezakhi zemfuza ilifa ekhowudiweyo zofuzo allelic. Ukuze kube lula, baye bohlulwa plasma kunye zeselula. Kuba Haematology and Igazi nakakhulu antigen (erythromycin, zegazi kunye leukocyte), ngenxa yokuba lo immunogenicity (ukukwazi wakhuthaza omzimba), kwaye ke ngoko ingahimbiselani ukutofelwa antigen igazi umngcipheko ukothuka hematogenous okanye DIC nge obulalayo. awakwazi igazi luqulathe izahlulo ezimbini eziphambili: i onefuthe antigenic, kujongwa immunogenicity le hapten, yaye "weighting" iantigens usenza umsebenzi serological.
Inxalenye yokuqala kukuba kakhulu ezithile lokukhangela iantigens nganye, kwaye ke ngoko ukwahlula enye kwenye. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo iyayahlula i-0 AB0 iantigens fucose iantigens A - N-ftsetilglyukozamin kunye iantigens B - galactose. Ezi njengeyo- ziqhotyoshelwe apha, kunye antibodies kuphuhliso omzimba. Ezi awakwazi zithathelwa ingqalelo xa ukutofelwa igazi, kwakunye xa bebala ilifa igazi kunokwenzeka.
AB0 system kunye nelifa layo
kunye agglutinogens (erythrocyte imiba adhesion - A no-B) - In kodwa-1901 izinto godu agglutinate ekwaziyo erythrocytes omnye komnye, leyo ibizwa ngokuba agglutinins (α kunye β agglutination plasma imiba) ziye kwafunyanwa igazi lomntu.
| lwegazi | uyise | |||||
| unina | I (00) | II (A0) | II (AA) | III (B0) | III (BB) | IV (AB) |
| I (00) | 00 - 100% | 00 - 50% A0 - 50% | A0 - 100% | 00 - 50% B0 - 50% | B0 - 100% | A0 - 50% B0 - 50% |
| II (A0) | 00 - 50% A0 - 50% | 00 - 25% A0 - 50% AA - 25% | AA - 50% A0 - 50% | 00 - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% | AB - 50% B0 - 50% | AA - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% |
| II (AA) | A0 - 100% | AA - 50% A0 - 50% | AA - 100% | AB - 50% A0 - 50% | AB - 100% | AA - 50% AB - 50% |
| III (B0) | 00 - 50% B0 - 50% | 00 - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% | AB - 50% A0 - 50% | 00 - 25% B0 - 50% BB - 25% | BB - 50% B0 - 50% | A0 - 25% B0 - 25% BB - 25% AB - 25% |
| III (BB) | B0 - 100% | AB - 50% B0 - 50% | AB - 100% | BB - 50% B0 - 50% | BB - 100% | AB - 50% BB - 50% |
| IV (AB) | A0 - 50% B0 - 50% | AA - 25% A0 - 25% B0 - 25% AB - 25% | AA - 50% AB - 50% | A0 - 25% B0 - 25% BB - 25% AB - 25% | AB - 50% BB - 50% | AA - 25% BB - 25% AB - 50% |
Akukho kangako ukwazi uhlobo kunye RH factor, kuba kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uphawulo yamaqela igazi in igazi. Ngoko, igazi RH-HIV (H. +) kunokwenzeka ukuba atofele umguli kunye ezingalunganga-RH (Rh-) igazi kanye kuphela ubomi yaye kwiimeko kakhulu, ukususela ukutofelwa yokuqala iza kuphuhlisa RH omzimba, ezivulwa kwi ukutofelwa yesibini (kwaye umamkeli emngciphekweni ukuze sife yi igazi igazi kukothuka). Kunjalo kwaye ungquzulwano rhesus kunye lwaluzibona olungekazalwa ngegazi RH-HIV H. + Rh- unina noyise, ngoko kubalulekile ukubala ilifa iqela yegazi lo mntwana.
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