Zokudlala Clay. zokudlala yodongwe - neempempe. zokudlala nobumba zamob

zokudlala ngodongwe Russian ziyinxalenye ubomi eminyaka abantu abaninzi. Ubugcisa yokwenza ezi gizmos nezithethe yobugcisa wamnikela phantsi kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Laba abazibona ezincane ezi nofifi lwendlela ubuhle, umsebenzi kunye yokuphila yabantu Russian.

zokudlala Provenance ubumba

Ngomhla kummandla zakudala lizwe lethu baye bafumana izinto zokudlala endala udongwe, imvelaphi yayo elandwa BC nkulungwane yesibini. Aba Urhashaza, izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezincinane kufana ngodongwe. Ngexesha kwimingxuma (Moscow, Ryazan) zokudlala kunye nangaphezulu imvelaphi yakutshanje zifunyenweyo. Bona enxibe ukubaluleka zonqulo ezenziwa ngohlobo amanani abantu, iintaka kunye namahashe. Ezi zokudlala yenziwa ebonisa udongwe uze calcining eziko. Ngamanye amaxesha zazihonjiswe kunye eveze wawutyabeka kunye njengeceba.

Imbali zokudlala ngodongwe phambili ngokukhawuleza. imveliso kwayo kwiinkulungwane 17-18. ngokukhawuleza wakhula. Amanani baqala ukuba kuveliswa ncam luthengiswa Spring Fair. Udongwe - iplastiki kunye nezinto ethambileyo. Wayesele efanelekileyo ukuze kwakhiwe zokubhala kuphela. Ukusuka elingumfanekiso amakhwelo zakhe ezahlukeneyo zokudlala, imifanekiso yabantu, iintaka, izilwanyana, grematushki (rattles) kunye kakhulu ngakumbi. artist ngalinye isimbo yakhe kunye nendlela baza ubuciko iimveliso. Nge Alexis njengezikhumbuzo kunye nezipho ngokuzithandela gizmos ezinjalo baqalisa ukuya kuthenga kwinkundla yakomkhulu.

Nangona zokudlala ngodongwe Ndonke, yonke into ukuqala kuncinci ukuya ku- nkulu. Senza ukuba le nxalenye ezininzi ngexesha ekwindla-ebusika, xa ixesha asinazo izinto emaphandleni, kwakwanele. Nanamhla oku, iithoyi abahlala ngodongwe nje ifuna ukufaneleka kwayo. Esekwe zonke iintlobo ze ifomu kunye nombala, lithe amandla omlingo ukuba ayizise endlwini intuthuzelo, imfudumalo kunye nokuhleka.

zokudlala Folk ngodongwe: iiyantlukwano imvelaphi kunye nendlela esenziwe

Zokudlala inokuba nomahluko ukwakheka ngodongwe, ethathwa ngokuba yezandla, yaye fashion ngumzekelo, wayenza uhlobo oluthile lwemveliso. Kungcono wabumba imifanekiso zodaka ngamanqatha. Oku ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa zokudlala Filimonovsky. imveliso nganye luphawulwa iintlobo ezithile kunye nemibala, leyo ixhomekeke kuhlobo ngodongwe ezifumaneka kwindawo ethile, kunye neempawu zeplastikhi yayo.

zokudlala Clay eyenziweyo ngaphambili, i isebe ekhethekileyo zodongwe, zigcinwe unanamhla. Imiva nokusebenziseka - neenqobo eziphambili yokubumba ezi mveliso abaculi womthonyama.

Ezinkulu udume Russian yodongwe zokudlala: Abashevo, Kargopol, Dymovskiy, Filimonov, njalo njalo. Lo msebenzi wavuka ukusasazeka kwayo kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini.

Udongwe zokudlala Kargopol: ibali imvuselelo

igama layo, ezi bezandla kufuneka kwindawo yabo imvelaphi, idolophu Kargopol yommandla Arkhangelsk, ingakumbi ezilalini ngeenxa zonke. Kwaba khona ukuba amafama yokuqala eyenzelwe zokudlala ze kakhulu afikelelekayo kwezi ndawo eziphathekayo - udongwe.

Kakhulu umdla ibali ukuvuselela lokuloba. Ngokunxulumene nezinye iindidi izakhono, ukuvuselelwa owasungulwa ngamaxesha Soviet, ubugcisa zokudlala Kargopol eRashiya ngaxa lithile ukuba phantse ebilahlekile. Noko ke, ezinye zesampulu zeemveliso unako ukusindisa ukuba kuziswe imini kubulela akhoyo ukuya ulyana babkina. Yena wakwazi ukunikela ubomi yesibini ukuya kanye shwaka bezandla engqondweni. zokudlala Clay, iifoto ezo thaca ngezantsi zibonisa bonke sobuntu iimpawu iindawo labo lokuzalwa.

Ingakumbi ukubonakala zokudlala Kargopol

Kargopol ngezandla, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izalamane zabo, ahluka ziimbono zabo kakhulu ukuluqonda. Noko ke, ukubona gqitha iimpawu zobuso babo, isimbo kunye nokupeyinta.

Iziza zahlulwe ngokuqgibeleleyo izigaba 2:

• ibali Ayaz, ebonisa indlela yasemaphandleni, kwakunye udala iintsomi. Izifundo inokuba nomahluko ngokupheleleyo - "Intombazana emva yokuhlamba," "Abalobi", "ngamahashe ezintathu" kunye like.
• Iintlobo Vintage - zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana, Polkan (umntu ne umzimba zehashe), umgcini (umfazi amahobe izandla zakhe).

Yesiko isihloko zokudlala ibalulekileyo datha "inkazana nonina," eziyiyo AMAGQABAZA ▸ imikhosi anik 'ubomi "Umama - umhlaba ufumile' nelanga. A luthandwa fashion iinkosi Kargopol nani elithokazi "Bobok."

iinkosi Modern unako ukuza izifundo ezitsha lo gama kugcinwe imiqondiso Kargopol zokudlala. Oku Akwandise kuphela ngobuninzi sele abatyebileyo nemifanekiso wobugcisa enjalo.

Ukuba ulandela zonke izithethe, inani yokudlala ipeyintwe na aqatywe mhlophe, zipeyintwe ngemibala eyahlukileyo, kodwa ngaphandle isilungiseleli seglosi kunye abaza kuzisebenzisa. Nakuba iintlobo ngeentlobo imibala, abangasekhoyo, kuquka eqaqambileyo, kubonakala kakhulu lemvula. Face painting ilula.

iipateni semvelo

Gqiyazana iithoyi udongwe ngokufanelekileyo elula, kodwa kuthatha linentsusa yalo kumaxesha amandulo. Apha ungabona iingxande, ovali, iidayimani, ukufa kwamalungu omzimba, imivumbo, speckles, iminqamlezo elibhalwe ngokumileyo. I iseti inki ibandakanya isikakhulu mdaka, imbola, eluhlaza, yezitena imibala emnyama, obomvu, kunye noblowu. Ngokuqhelekileyo wongezelela isilivere kunye nepeyinti negolide.

amakhwelo Clay: intsingiselo yazo kunye neenkolelo

Njengoko play ngodongwe zokudlala-neempempe abantwana ezibonwe kakhulu kutshanje. Ngaphambili, ngemihla oothixo babahedeni, ezi zibalo ukubaluleka omlingo. Zazisetyenziswa ukuze uzikhusele imimoya emdaka.

iyelenqe Pinezhsky ithi ukuba yokudlala uyakwazi ukurhwebesha esi sifo. Injongo efanayo kwaye neempempe ezahlukeneyo. Ngokufuthi ukubunjwa ngokohlobo izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo kunye neentaka, leyo, ngokubanzi, kwaye umxholo yemveli zokudlala intsomi Russian.

Kwingingqi Tula kwakukho inkolelo yokuba neempempe wayenokuthabatha umonakalo umntu ngamnye uze uyibuyisele kwi mntu uthunyelwe. Abo okanye ezinye iintlobo amanani ephelisa izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Njengomgaqo, balungiselela phambi window yokukhusela umntwana ebubini kunye nezifo.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 Vyatka wabamba isiko yamandulo usebenzisa neempempe yokudlala, eyenzelwe ukuba ndizikhupha iidemon, ngoka okulungileyo. Le leholide ngokuba "bedlam" okanye "Whistler". Kule mihla, abantu abadala kunye nabantwana ikhwelo kwi neempempe ngodongwe, babephala phambili esina kunye nobumnandi.

Yintoni ubuntu yezandla ezenziwe ngodongwe?

Xa sicinga wonke umsebenzi kwakusasa iinkosi mihla, kuquka phesheya, ungabona indyebo bezandla ezahlukeneyo svistkovyh. Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka yi Birdie - sisixhobo lihlaba imingxuma kwi yokudlala. Kubude zonke izixhobo phantse efanayo - ukususela 80 mm ukuya kwi-100 mm. Nangona kunjalo, eli candelo Umnqamlezo kuba kakhulu ezahlukeneyo - ngeenxa zonke, elimbhoxo okanye uxande.

Birdie inkosi nganye - kuba sisixhobo wakhe, eyenziwe ngokwakhe, ngokunjalo ubuchule zonke ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ke yoko, ngokulandelelana, eyahlukileyo kwabanye. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa iindlela ku tswala neempempe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle utshintsho apha naphaya, apho kule khosi zizandla kuphela.

Ixabiso wobugcisa kutshanje

Ukwenza izinto zokudlala ngodongwe - yinto yinkqubo ngamnye umntu ngamnye. Iiklasi ezinjalo luncedo kakhulu ngezangqa esikolweni. Ngoncedo lwabo, unako umnxeba umdla labantwana nothando ukuze inkcubeko yehlabathi, ukuphuhlisa izakhono motor izandla kunye incasa obugcisa, ukuqeqesha unyamezelo, ukuzingisa kunye nomonde.

Iimpawu zodongwe into esebenzayo nokuveliswa zokudlala

Asinto kunzima ukuthelekelela ukuba zokudlala ngodongwe, kuquka amakhwelo, ezenziwe ngodongwe. Xa uhlobo yayo yendalo inokufumaneka imibala ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo emva zokudubula itshintsha umbala walo omhlophe okanye obomvu. Ngoko ke, oko yaziwa ngokuba "belozhguschayasya" okanye "krasnozhguschayasya".

deposit ubumba

Krasnozhguschayasya Udongwe unikezelo kakhulu. Oku kudla zafunyanwa kunxweme amachibi kunye nemilambo, kwizihlambo namathambeka. Kananjalo zifumaneka kwiziza zokwakha phantsi eyombiweyo.

Kodwa kufuneka wazi ukuba udongwe yendalo okanye ubomi akusoloko ezifanelekileyo ukwenziwa yezandla, ekubeni kudla iqulethe ubumdaka ezahlukeneyo - amatye amancinci, isanti kunye like. Clay yesanti ukuya kwi-5% ubizwa ngokuba 'ezinamanqatha ", yaye omnye apho Ingakanani intlabathi ukuya kwi-30%, obizwa ngokuba" ezinqinileyo. "

Ukuze kuveliswe izinto bell kwizinga eliphezulu kufuneka athathe isiqulatho amanqatha avareji (10-15%).

Ukulungiselela umsebenzi eziphathekayo

intlama Clay okanye ubunzima yodongwe, ngumxube ukuba sele iwupasisile inkqubo ethile, emva koko kube ulungele ekwenzeni izinto zodongwe. Xa isikali mveliso kulo matshini ezizodwa asetyenziswa -. Press, screens, zokusila ibhola, njll Kodwa yonke le nkqubo ibe lula ukuvelisa yona hi mpimo lowutsongo.

Amanqanaba zobugcisa:

• Cofa kwi enkwalini udongwe. izinto semali Small kufuneka kuqala kutshiswa eziko ukuqinisekisa ukulungela ukusebenza.
• Phezu kwamanzi acocekileyo wabola lunamahlwili amhlophe kwaye zonekwe.
• Okulandelayo, uzicole, ukususa iitshiphusi ubumdaka ezikhoyo, amatye, yabe m ingca. P.
• Ubunzima esulungekisiweyo kukuba ukongeza amanzi ngomlinganiselo zizahlulo ezithathu kunye inxalenye enye ngodongwe engamanzi. Neqhinga mixed ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukubhala stand ubunzima de emazantsi luhlala Eyona nto inzima (amatye kunye intlabathi). Amanzi eseleyo yacacisa kufuneka amanzi ngenyameko.
• maleko bale phakathi nodongwe ageze kuyo ebhafini okanye emele gypsum.
• Vumela umxube ukuba zome kwimeko uvavanyo elingqingqwa, ngoko ngexesha lokusebenza ayiyi unamathele izandla.
• Axove udongwe ukususa amaqamza kwemfuneko.
• Umgangatho eziphathekayo zitshekishwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: uluhlu tourniquet kunye ububanzi of 15-20 mm, agobe oko kancinci kwisiqingatha. Ukuba indawo inflection yokuhlala mpuluswa, ngaphandle iintanda okanye phantse ngaphandle, ngoko eli ubunzima ngokufanelekileyo nokuveliswa mpempe.
• Ukuze ngokuthembekileyo Ukugcina ubunzima ubekwa engxoweni yeplastiki zivaleke ngqongqo kakhulu kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, udongwe mazigcinwe ukwandiswa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Nentlama yomile, ungadibanisa imali encinci amanzi kunye peremyat kakuhle.

Ukuba kwizicwangciso zakho - ukwenza nje ezimbalwa mpempe, uzama ukusebenzisa into ekhoyo ngaphandle ngentla pre-unyango. Lodongwe amasimi ilungele ukusetyenziswa. Ukuba awukwazi ukulungiselela iindlela izinto ezidweliswe, ngoko zingathengwa kwi amashishini benza ezivelisa imveliso yodongwe, ezivenkileni zobugcisa okanye kwiivenkile-intanethi.