Inkcazelo samanqaku umdla kunye nobukhulu Jupiter xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiplanethi

Jupiter yiplanethi yesihlanu evela Sun, inkulu kwisixokelelwano elanga. Imivumbo kunye curls kwi imiphezulu ayo kuyabanda, umoya ilifu overclocked eyenziwa ammonia kunye namanzi. I-atmosfera becala hydrogen kunye helium, kwaye ezaziwayo-kakuhle Great Red Spot - isaqhwithi giant ukuba mkhulu Earth, baqhubeka kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Jupiter ingqongwe 53 Ukuthwasa kweenyanga kuqinisekiswa, ngokunjalo izihlandlo ezili-14, ibe abangama-67. Scientists kakhulu abanomdla izinto ezine ezinkulu yafunyanwa ngama UGalileo ngo-1610: Europe, Callisto, Ganymede kunye Io. Kwakhona IJupiter amakhonkco amathathu, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukubona, ababa sabakho oluhle naleyo iSaturn. Iplanethi ithiywe emva ephakamileyo uthixo wamaRoma.

ubungakanani lokuthelekisa ilanga, uJupiter Earth

Ukusuka ilanga iplanethi Ususe umlinganiselo million 778 km, nto leyo 5.2 iiyunithi ngeenkwenkwezi. Ngelo lo mgama, kufuneka ukukhanya imizuzu 43 ukuya isigebenga igesi. Jupiter kaThixo ubukhulu kuthelekiswa Sun ayiphucukanga kangangokuba barycenter labo phesheya ukukhanya kumphezulu ngomhla 0.068 of radius yayo. Planet Earth inkulu yaye ashinyeneyo kancinci kakhulu. umthamo wazo ratio ye-1: 1321 kunye ubunzima - njengokuba-1: 318. Ukususela embindini ukuya kumphezulu ubukhulu Jupiter e-km 69911. Le amaxesha 11 banzi iplanethi yethu. Jupiter kunye bomhlaba ubungakanani singachasaniswa ngolu hlobo. Ukuba iplanethi yethu idenariyo, isigebenga igesi kuya kuba nge yomnyazi. Ubungakanani kwelanga noJupiter e nemitha e-ratio ye-10: 1, yaye ingqimba iplanethi 0.001 sokukhanyisa abaninzi.

Orbit kanye ukujikeleza

Ngelo isigebenga igesi umhla mfutshane kwisixokelelwano elanga. Nangona ubukhulu kaZeyus, ngosuku kuyo planethi ithatha malunga-10 iiyure. A unyaka okanye revolution ujikeleza ilanga kuthatha malunga 12 Umhlaba iminyaka. Weikhweyitha itsheke xa kuthelekiswa indlela yayo Orbital izidanga nje 3. Oku kuthetha ukuba Jupiter ujikeleza phantse kwindawo nkqo kwaye engenayo utshintsho ezinjalo iqapheleka yamaxesha onyaka ezithi zenzeke kwezinye iiplanethi zethu.

ukubunjwa

Planet abunjwe ndawonye yonke inkqubo solar kwiminyaka 4.5 billion eyadlulayo, xa womxhuzulane yakhokelela ekwakhiweni kwayo ukusuka yirotary eluthulini kunye negesi. Amacala Jupiter zibangelwa yokuba wathabatha inkoliso ubunzima eseleyo emva kokumiselwa leenkwenkwezi. umthamo wayo amaxesha amabini ngaphezulu kwe Ezinye kumbandela nezinye izinto kwisixokelelwano elanga. Luquka umbandela ofanayo ukuba le nkwenkwezi, kodwa ubungakanani Jupiter iye ibisencinane ngokwaneleyo ukuqala ngayo nokumanyana. Malunga gidi ezine kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kamva ndafumanisa ukuba ingxilimbela igesi kwindawo yayo ngoku kwinkqubo olungaphandle elanga.

isakhiwo

Ukubunjwa Jupiter ifana enelanga - ubukhulu becala helium kunye hydrogen. uxinzelelo Deep womoya kunye nobushushu suka, ngokuveza irhasi hydrogen kwi engamanzi. Ngenxa yoku, ocean inkulu Jupiter kwinkqubo solar, ebandakanya hydrogen endaweni yamanzi. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kubunzulu mhlawumbi maphakathi embindini planethi, xi kuba kukhulu kakhulu ukuba electron-athom hydrogen acofiweyo, ajike ibe metal engamanzi kagesi conductive. Ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza bakaRafa igesi kuyo imisinga lombane ukuba usike yintsimi eyomeleleyo ngemagnethi. Kuyinto akwaziwa ukuba kukho mhlaba engundoqo engundoqo kwezinto eziqinileyo, okanye i noboya isuphu esibaselwe zentsimbi kunye neeminerali silicate (zwi enjalo) kunye lobushushu ukuya ku-50 000 ° C.

komhlaba

Njengoko giant igesi, Jupiter akanayo umphezulu lokwenyaniso. Planet iqulathe ncakasana ejikelezayo iigesi kunye ulwelo. Ekubeni kwisiphekepheke akayi umhlaba kwi Jupiter, akayi kukwazi ukubhabha kunye akenzakala. uxinzelelo olungaphaya kunye namaqondo ngokunzulu ngaphakathi iyasilwa na emhlabeni, ziyanyibilika kwaye kutsha aphele inqanawa eya kuzama ukufumana kuwo.

emoyeni

Jupiter ikhangeleka ngathi okwelaphu bala yelifu bands kunye amabala. Gas iplanethi mhlawumbi amathathu ezahlukahlukeneyo umaleko efini "emazulwini" yayo, kunye ngu-71 km. Umphezulu liquka ammonia ngumkhenkce. Umaleko eliphakathi kungenzeka ukwenza ziikristale ze ammonium hydrosulfide, kwaye zangaphakathi - ice kunye nomphunga wamanzi. imibala eqaqambileyo izintya kwi Jupiter unakho ukukhutshwa sulphur kunye neegesi phosphorus aqulethe liphuma ongaphantsi. Ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza umhlaba kudala uhamba omtsha enamandla, nesabelo efini iibhanti elide emnyama kunye nemimandla eliqaqambileyo.

Ukungabikho kwindawo eqinileyo ekwaziyo kade, Jupiter ivumela amabala ziqhubeka iminyaka emininzi. Planet lugubungela ngaphezu kweshumi nje yimimoya ezikhoyo, abanye ukufikelela isantya 539 km / h kwi-ikhweyitha. Imilinganiselo ye-Red Spot kwi Jupiter kabini obegumbi nje uMhlaba. olephuzayo Education neqanda akubone iplanethi enkulu iminyaka engaphezu kwama-300. Kutshanje, ezintathu elimbhoxo esincinane baseka ndawo encinane ebomvu, malunga nesiqingatha ubungakanani umzala enkulu. Izazinzulu awukamazi nokuba ezi ovali Imivumbo ujikeleze nzulu umhlaba okanye ukwandisa kude ezinzulwini.

Ukuphila iminyaka

Engqongileyo bume Jupiter xa mhlawumbi umntu ukuba enze ebomini njengoko sisazi. Lobushushu, xi izinto okuluphawu lo mhlaba kungenzeka kakhulu kakhulu kwaye linokugqiba eziphilayo. Nangona Jupiter yi kwindawo engalindelekanga ukuba abantu abahlala, oko akunakuthethwa malunga ezinye iinyanga ezininzi. Europe - enye yeendawo ezininzi okuba ufune ubomi wezijikelezi-langa. Kukho ubungqina bokuba phantsi uqweqwe womkhenkce ulwandlekazi apho nga ephila.

satellites

Abaninzi amancinci kunye ezinkulu ezine Hewana kaZeyus zenze inkqubo elanga efinyeziweyo. I-Hewana planethi 53 ozinzisiweyo, kwakunye 14 yexeshana, enika abangama-67. Kwezi Hewana abasandula uyaziwa, izazi ingxelo kunye International Astronomical Union wabanika isiqu sethutyana. Kamsinya nje ezindleleni zazo ingqinisisiwe, baya kufakwa inani abasisigxina.

Izinyanga ezine ezinkulu - Europa, Io, Callisto kunye Ganymede - zaye okokuqala ngo-1610 ngu ngeenkwenkwezi UGalileo usebenzisa inguqulelo ezinjengeetelescope yokuqala. Ezi Ukuthwasa kweenyanga ezine ngoku yenye yeenkalo ezininzi umdla zophando. Io yeyona umzimba kakhulu volcanically ngokukhutheleyo kwinkqubo elanga. Ganymede - kunazo kubo (elikhulu planet Mercury nokuba). Isathelayithi yesibini ngobukhulu kaZeyus - Callisto - uye yimingxuma encane ebonisa ukuba iqondo ngoku aphantsi umsebenzi ngaphezulu. Ulwandle amanzi ulwelo kunye izithako ubomi banokulala phantsi uqweqwe womkhenkce Europe, eyenza ibe wamlinga ekujoliswe zokufunda.

amakhonkco

Yafunyanwa ngama NASA kaThixo "Voyager 1" ngo-1979 amakhonkco Jupiter yaba isimanga, kuba zenziwa ngamasuntswana ezimnyama ubungakanani ezincinane, ingabonwa kuphela ngokuchasene ilanga. Idatha evela isiphekepheke "uGalileo" bathi inkqubo ring inokuba lisekwa uthuli avela omncane ingqubekile kwi nasekuthwaseni encinane engaphakathi.

magnetosphere

Gas magnetosphere giant - ummandla isithuba phantsi kwempembelelo kukho mhlaba otsalayo le planethi olomeleleyo. It kudlulela kumgama km yezigidi 3.1 Sun ukuba amaxesha 7-21 ubukhulu Jupiter kunye ayebekwa ngohlobo umsila tadpole km billion 1, lwathi iSaturn orbit. Ifildi elikhulu sibubona ngamaxesha 16-54 enamandla ngaphezu Yomhlaba. It lijikeleza kunye umhlaba ayithimbe amasuntswana kunye kagesi. Kufuphi Jupiter abambe ngamabubu amasuntswana icala isantya ukuba amandla aphezulu kakhulu, ukudala radiation bukhulu bombards i Hewana elikufutshane yaye konakalise isiphekepheke. Lo mhlaba otsalayo ibangela enye onomtsalane auroral kwinkqubo nelanga izibonda kulo mhlaba.

isifundo

Nangona Jupiter uye kwaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, le ngqwalasela yokuqala eneenkcukacha kule planethi yenziwa yi UGalileo ngo-1610 usebenzisa iteleskopu kwakudala. Kuphela nje ke watyelela nangeziphekepheke, satellites kunye ixhokonxa. th 10 th 11 "Oovulindlela", i-1 no 2 "Voyager" ku Jupiter kuqala inqwelo-1970, yaye ngoko ke "uGalileo" lathunyelwa orbit isigebenga igesi, yaye umoya kwehliswa probe. "Cassini" wenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha umhlaba endleleni eya iSaturn ekufuphi. Mission Okulandelayo "Juno" bafika Jupiter ngoJulayi 2016

izenzakalo

• 1610: Galileo Galilei wenza imigqaliselo yokuqala eneenkcukacha planethi.
• 1973: yokuqala iziphekepheke "Pioneer 10" bawela ibhanti zigwencela kwaye uya giant negesi.
• 1979: I-"Voyager" yokuqala neyesibini bafumanisa ezintsha nawokuthwasa kwenyanga, nemisesane, umsebenzi mlilo Io.
• 1992: February 8 moya ezidlulileyo Jupiter "Ulysses." Gravity etshintshe isikhokelo kwisiphekepheke kude womgca baza, ushukumisa amacala kwi komzila lokugqibela ngasezantsi kunye nezibonda entla kwelanga.
• 1994: kummandla we-ikhweyitha esemazantsi kaZeyus nemoto ngamaqhekeza enomsila le izihlangu-Levy.
• 1995-2003: iziphekepheke "UGalileo" lawisa uphenyo emoyeni bakaRafa irhasi yaye yabamba imigqaliselo ixesha elide emhlabeni, amakhonkco ayo kunye neesathelayithi.
• 2000: I-"Cassini" wenza indlela yayo ekufuphi Jupiter kumgama omalunga 10 million ezikwere zeekhilomitha, ukwenza eneenkcukacha kakhulu umfanekiso wombala mosaic bakaRafa igesi.
• 2007: imifanekiso ezithathwe ngu-NASA iziphekepheke New zexa endleleni eya iPluto, wabonisa iimbono ezintsha izaqhwithi esesibhakabhakeni, nemisesane, mlilo Io kunye womkhenkce Europe.
• 2009: I-ngeenkwenkwezi baphawula nonomgca okanye litye phezu ikhweyitha kumzantsi-langa.
• 2016: yasungulwa ngo-2011 i "Juno" weza Jupiter waza waqalisa olunzulu zophando ojikeleze umhlaba wakhe, isakhiwo sayo enzulu magnetosphere kunye nenjongo umkhondo yokuba imvelaphi yayo kunye ngendaleko.

pop Culture

Ubukhulu kaZeyus ongekho ngaphantsi kunye nobukho yayo ebalulekileyo inkcubeko ethandwayo, kuquka eshukumayo, zikamabonwakude, imidlalo yevidiyo nezihlekisayo. Le ngxilimbela gas iye yaba ingongoma ebalulekileyo Sci-Fi movie oodade Wachowski "kaZeyus ukwenyuka", Hewana ezahlukahlukeneyo planethi baba ehlala "Cloud Atlas," "Futurama", "Halo" kunye nezinye iifilimu ezininzi. Xa movie "Abantu e Black", apho Agent J (Will Smith), wathi omnye wootitshala bakhe kwabonakala kuye evela Venus, arhente Kay (Tommi Li Dzhons) bathi ukuba nguwe kanye ukusuka kwenye nelesabatha, nelokuthwasa kwenyanga kaZeyus.