Zingaki ii symphonies ezenziwa nguTchaikovsky? Akukho ncinane okanye ingancinci, kodwa ininzi eyisixhenxe. Kwaye konke - banobuchule

UPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ungumqambi waseRashiya wenkulungwane ye-19. Umculo wakhe ubonakaliswe ngotyebileyo, ubunothando kunye nobuncwane obudumileyo. Ndiyabulela kuPI Tchaikovsky, ubugcisa bomculo baseRashiya bufikelele kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezingakaze zenziwe. Ngelo xesha, imisebenzi eyenziwe ngumqambi ifikeleleka kwaye iyaqondakala kubaphulaphula emhlabeni wonke.

UP. Tchaikovsky unokucingwa njengomnye wabasunguli be-Russian symphony. Ngaphambi kokuba uPetros Ilyich kuphela ii symphonies ze-NA Rimsky-Korsakov kunye ne-AG Rubinshtein zaziwa. Zingaki ii symphonies ezenziwa nguTchaikovsky? Kwi-arsenal yomqambi kukho imisebenzi e-7 efanayo. Makhe siwaqwalasele ngokubanzi.

I-Symphony No. 1 "Iingoma zebusika"

Le symphony yadalwa nguPI Tchaikovsky emva kokugqitywa kwi-Conservatory eSt. Petersburg (1866). Umfundi wejob akazange alindele ukuba iminyaka emininzi kamva ababenomdla kumsebenzi wakhe babememeza bathi: "Zingaphi ii-symphonies zabhalwa nguTchaikovsky!" Kwaye luhlobo luni! "

"KwiiNkantsha zasebusika" umlobi wayezibonakalise ngokucinga ngolu hlobo lomhlaba wakhe. I-symphony inamalungu amane: "Iingcamango zendlela yasebusika", "Umphefumlo onobunzima, umgca weengcambu", "Scherzo" kunye ne "Final". Ingxenye yokuqala neyesibini ibonisa iingcamango, iinkumbulo zomntu ohamba ebusika. Umhambi uxakeke ngamava akhe, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo uthanda ubuhle bendawo yasebusika.

Ingxenye yesithathu yeqwenga izandi njenge lyric waltz. Abaphulaphuli badibanisa ne-home cosiness, ukufudumala kwekhaya, ngokungathi umntu ovela ekhaya okanye indwendwe udlala umculo. Ukudala isine sesahlulo se-symphony, uPI Tchaikovsky wasebenzisa iingoma zomculo, ngoko ke kwiingqondo zomphulaphuli kukho imifanekiso enxulumene nobomi kunye nobomi bezilwanyana.

Symphony No. 2

Umsebenzi wabhalwa emva kohambo lomqambi ukuya e-Ukraine, ngoko i symmony ilandelelanisa iinjongo zeengoma zabantu base-Ukraine. Umsebenzi kwi symmony wagqitywa ngumlobi ngo-1872, kodwa wabona ukukhanya kuphela ngo-1879.

I-symphony yesibili iqulethwe nezine. Kwingxenye yokuqala, ingoma yomculo othi "Umama ophantsi, kwiVolga" ekuthethwa ngesiKukraine uvalelwa. Inxalenye yesibini ibandakanya iimvumi zomkhosi. I-PI uTchaikovsky nayo yazama ukuhambisa isandi sezinto zomntu (iimpondo, iipayipi, i-balalaika kunye ne-domra).

Ingxenye yesithathu neyesine ye-symphony - ukudibanisa kwezinto eziphambili, zomculo kunye neengoma ezifanayo kunye neengoma ezifanayo ze-Ukraine, kubandakanywa amahlaya kunye neengqungquthela.

I-symphony yesibili ye-PI Tchaikovsky ibizwa ngokuba yingoma yomculo echaza ngokuphila kwabantu baseUkraine.

Symphony No. 3

Ngokungafani neminye imisebenzi yomculo womqambi, i-symphony yesithathu (1875) ibhaliwe enkulu kwaye iqukethe iinxalenye ezinhlanu. Iprojekti njengenjalo ayikho, imifanekiso yomculo, isuka ekulileni kwaye ibuhlungu, ibe yintshintsho kunye nokukhanya. Imilo yeMdaniso (i-waltz, polonaise) ingayilandelwa. Umsebenzi uphela nge-apotheosis enkulu.

Symphony No. 4

Ingqungquthela yesine (1877) yenziwa phantsi kweempembelelo zeemeko ezenzekayo ebomini bomntu bomqambi nakwiRashiya yaseRashiya. UP. Tchaikovsky wayengenelisekile ngomtshato wakhe, ngoko wabalekela kumfazi oyintanda ePetersburg. Yaye nangona yonke into yayiphucula kancane, okokuqala kwakungelula. Iziganeko ezinjengoPeter Ilyich zeRussia-Turkish, ukufa kwabantu basekhaya. Ukuba umqambi "waqhekeka," impendulo kumbuzo wendlela amaculo angama-symphonies uTchaikovsky abhala ngayo namhlanje aya kuvela.

Amava kaPI Tchaikovsky akhiwe ngobuchule. I-Symphony No. 4 ibonisa ihlabathi elingaphakathi lomntu olwa neengxaki ezingekho phantsi kobomi bakhe. ILwala alinakulungiswa, kodwa ukuzama ukutshintsha i-destiny akuyi kuyeka. Kubonakala ngathi ukukhanya kulungele ukupheka, kodwa ... ikusasa asiyi kulala ... Ngexesha elifanayo, isiphelo se symphony sinethemba elihle. Kuhle konke okufanayo ukuphumelela ububi.

UManfred Symphony

Umsebenzi wabhalwa ngo-1885 ngesiseko seengqungquthela yenkondlo ebhalwe nguJ. Gordon Byron. Xa uzama ukugqiba amaninzi ama-symphonies uTchaikovsky abhala, le ngoma yezinye iingoma zikhohliwe. Mhlawumbi, oku kubangelwa kukuba umsebenzi uhlelwe kwaye awufakiwe kwiluhlu lwamanani e-symphony yomqambi. Umntu oyintloko - ulwaphulo-mthetho uManfred - ulwa noluthando lweNkqenkquthela, yena ngokwakhe olahlekileyo. Ingqumbo kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba kubangela ukuba uyaziqhelanisa nemimoya emnyama, kodwa ayincedisi umntu ohluphekayo ukuba ayibalekele intanda yakhe.

Umbuso kaManfred ubonakaliswa kwinxalenye yokuqala. Imifanekiso eyahlukileyo iyancatshiswa: ixesha elidlulileyo, eliqaqambileyo kwaye lizele ukuxakeka nokuphelelwa lithemba. Kwinqanaba lesibini, umlingisi oyintloko uyilo le-Alpine. Ivela kwimpompo yamanzi. Ingoma yokumemeza ifana ne-splash yamanzi. Iingqimba zivela kwizinto eziqaqambileyo, ezidlalwayo (umfanekiso wefestile) ezibuhlungu kunye nezibuhlungu (iinkumbulo ezinzima zikaManfred).

Ngokwesithathu, "uMfundisi" uxelelwa ngabemi beentaba. Umsebenzi oyintloko wale bantu kukuzaliswa kweenkomo. Abaalusi kunye namakhwenkwe enkomo, nangona bengatyebi, banelisekile ngokuphila kwabo kwimizi elula. Bengazi malunga nokuba bangaphi ama symphonies eTchaikovsky, kuba bephulaphule umculo oqulunqwe ngabemi bezakhono. Ingoma kule ngxenye ifana nomlusi womalusi.

Ekugqibeleni, umoya okhutshweyo weAstrata uxolela umbulali. Umxholo wokugqibela u-Bacchanalia, iSabbat yeMifutho yamnyama. Ekupheleni kwe-symphony, i-chorale ekhanyayo izandile njengesimboli sokuxolelwa kunye ne "Dies irae" (Usuku lomsindo) - isikhumbuzo senkundla ekhohlakeleyo.

Ngokwakhe, uManfred uhambelana ngqo ne symmony. Ngoko ke, ukucinga malunga namaninzi angama-symphonies uTchaikovsky abhala, omnye kufuneka aqwalasele lo msebenzi ngokunjalo.

Symphony No. 5

Kwingqungquthela yesihlanu (1888) ukubonakaliswa kokukhona komqambi kubonakala. I-Symphony No. 5 yenziwe phantsi kwefuthe leencwadi zikaLeon Tolstoy. Emva kokufunda umxholo we-Leo Nikolayevich's Confession kunye nenkolelo yenkolo nefilosofi "Ukholo lwam luphi na?" Umqambi waphetha ngokuthi iingcamango, iimvakalelo nezenzo zabantu zixhomekeke ekubeni ukufa.

Njengowesine, i-Symphony No. 5 iquka umxholo wexesha elizayo, kodwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa. Inxalenye yokuqala iqalisa ukuhamba ngomngcwabo, ngoko umrhumo womculo uzimisele ngakumbi. Kancinci, iimifanekiso ezibuhlungu zithatyathwa yinkxalabo.

I-Lyrism ibonakalisa isahlulo sesibini nesithathu sesingqungquthela, kwaye ekugqibeleni umxholo weliwa uphinde uphinde ukhuphe. Ngelo xesha lihlala liyimfihlakalo ophumeleleyo: umntu okanye iinjongo?

I-Symphony No. 6 "Inomdla"

Le symphony yabhalwa ngomnyaka wokufa komqambi - 1893. Ngomculo, uPeter Ilyich ucela ukuba aphile ubomi. Inxalenye yokuqala iqala ngokungavumelaniyo. Endaweni yesilinganiso se-allegro, i-adagio isetyenziswa. Kulo nxalenye, iinjongo zenkxalabo yokuxubusha, ukudideka kuyava. Kwakhona kukho iindidi zothando kunye nayo yonke into engenakulinganiswa.

Kwinqanaba lesibini, i-waltz engamkelekanga ezintlanu zentlambo (ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-waltz iikota ezintathu). Ixesha elibi liye lihluke kunye nobuhle kunye nentlalo yobomi obutsha. Iingoma zinobuhle, bumnandi kwaye bubabalo, kodwa ekugqibeleni zikhona iintetho ezibuhlungu.

Xa uphulaphule isahlulo sesithathu, uvakalelwa ukuphefumula ubomi. Ngale ngxenye, iingxoxo zisabanjwa: ukusuka ekuchazeni umculo njengomfanekiso wobungendawo obuphezulu ekuphakameni komntu phezu kwakhe.

Ingxenye yesine ye-symphony yesithandathu i-quiem-quiem. Kancinci umlandeli ulahlekelwa amandla akhe kwaye ushiye eli hlabathi. Yonke into ekholisa ubomi bomhlaba, ixhalabile, iduduza, iduduziwe, ichithwe ekubeni engekho.

Yile ndlela abhala ngayo iTyikovsky amaninzi. Kodwa umgangatho ophezulu wumqambi awukho kwinani lemisebenzi, kodwa kwi-ingqondo yabo.

UPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky uchongiwe ngokufanelekileyo omnye wabalingisi abakhulu emhlabeni.