Zinambuzane zeNkqubo: oko kukuthi, indlela yokusebenza, uluhlu engcono kunye nenkcazelo

Phambi umlimi uya lokuvuna elide-ilindelwe, uya kufuneka ukuba nazo izitshabalalisi amaninzi phantsi umgangatho kunye nokunciphisa inani kumitha. Ngelishwa, uhlaselo yonyaka baboniswa nje kuphela iziqhamo, kodwa zokuhombisa. Izinambuzane zidla amagqabi, SAP, nto leyo kakhulu ungcolisa imbonakalo kwisityalo. Ukongeza, xa kakhulu zihlaselwe umthi afe ngokupheleleyo.

Ukugcina isityalo, ukubonakala ezihle ezokuhombisa usebenzisa izinambuzane systemic, leyo ukunciphisa kakhulu yabemi izinambuzane egadini. Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke isithako esebenzayo, ukuze babe nefuthe enye okanye eziliqela iintlobo zezinambuzane.

Ibhonasi nice kukuba zinambuzane systemic hlobo kunokukunceda ukuba balahle ukhula. Imichiza ukungena isityalo kunye asitshise ingcambu. Ukuba usebenzisa kubalulekile ukuphepha ukudibana yezityalo zasePilippi.

Ezahlukahlukeneyo zinambuzane yi kuqamba khemikhali

inkqubo zinambuzane i ovezwa iilebhu imichiza ngokusekelwe izinto eziphilayo. ubuthi yabo yenza kube lula ukufaka ityhefu izinambuzane ngokwenza kwinkqubo kunye ingqiqo izitho zokugaya. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwezi zinambuzane amanyathelo lwenkqubo iintlobo:

1. zinambuzane Organochlorine zifunyanwa chlorination of hydrocarbon ulwelo. Oveliswa ngokohlobo emigutyeni kunye emulsions ioli. Isiqinisekiso sokufa kwezinambuzane kwenzeka kwiintsuku ezisi-7 emva kokuba izityalo unyango ngokwenza kwinkqubo yakhe luvo. Nangona ngempumelelo, has ethile enkulu - zinetyhefu kakhulu ukuba abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Okwangoku, phantse lisusiwe.
2. arhente ze-ezi orthophosphoric alkoholi acid Ester. Le eziluncedo ziquka spectrum ezibanzi inyathelo - le into ebulala izinambuzane ezininzi. Phakathi neentsilelo baphawula zinetyhefu abantu, ngoko ke kufuneka banxibe iiglavu zokuzikhusela imaski xa wokutshiza.
3. Pyrethroids ijoliswe umonakalo luvo izinambuzane, khon 'ukuze ukufa kwenzeka. Bakhuselekile ngokupheleleyo abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Ububi wabo emva elide ukuba babe izinambuzane eziyobisi, apho zimakishwe lisibekele ngempumelelo.

zinambuzane Systemic ezithandwa ngenxa lula ukusetyenziswa kunye namaziko asebenza kwizinga eliphezulu, kodwa zifuna iindlela ezithile yokhuseleko ngumntu.

Classification ngokutsho indlela elalana kwi eziphilayo

zinambuzane ngenkqubo yemfundo iyakwazi isinambuzane emzimbeni ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Amanye amachiza zizidibanise iindlela eziliqela. Nguqu kwi indlela elalana ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Iinkcukacha kunye zinambuzane olucwangcisiweyo ngaphakathi sinambuzane ongena ngokudibana kumphezulu umzimba. Ezo amalungiselelo kugcina ngempumelelo ukuya imvula yokuqala. Phakathi neentsilelo abalimi alatha yokunqongophala inyathelo kombungu izinambuzane.
2. Isisu babe inyathelo ngokukhawuleza: Ukuhamba kwisiqwenga wokudla, ukuba phantse okombane ukufa yityhefu. Kudla kukho amalungiselelo kunye nesenzo zoqhagamshelwano-isisu, leyo ndzulu nje kuphela ngomlomo, kodwa ukunxibelelana kumphezulu umzimba.
3. zinambuzane oluCwangcisiweyo iyakwazi sokungena olukhawulezileyo zibe iimpahla kwisityalo. Ngoko ke, la machiza bazimele iimeko zemozulu. Ngelo xesha linye bayakwazi asichaphazeli nje kuphela sezinambuzane zitya amagqabi, iziqhamo, okanye Amaqhina awo, kodwa ezo izinambuzane Luhlala isityalo ngaphakathi.

Ukusetyenziswa zinambuzane zenkqubo inceda ukugcina ukuya kwi-95% yesityalo izityalo iziqhamo.

Classification spectrum amanyathelo

Ngokutsho intshukumo spectrum kwezi ndidi zilandelayo:

1. Lokuvota - esebenzayo ukujongana uhlobo oluthile le izinambuzane. View kuquka amalungiselelo kwisifo samakhalane kunye helminths ezosulela izityalo.
2. isenzo esiqhubekayo - sineenjongo ezingatshabalalisa yeqela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izinambuzane.

Ukhetho isiyobisi ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiimfuno umlimi. Ezinye izinto azinabungozi neenyosi, eyayiqwalaselwe izinambuzane kuluncedo kuba zinceda umungu kwizityalo ezikwimiyezo.

Iintlobo amachiza ekujongwe ukuba imveliso

Kuba lula usebenziso zinambuzane zenkqubo yemfundo umyezo kwakhona kwabelwana ngeenjongo zemveliso. Baye umahluko ifuthe isinambuzane nokubunjwa kwayo ngemichiza. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo mali:

1. Pheromone - izinto zitsala izinambuzane, njengoko esekwe ngokusekelwe kwezinto ekukhutshelwe ukuba ooqongqothwane besini esahlukileyo. migibe banako kakhulu kutshabalalisa uhlobo oluthile zezinambuzane.
2. Insectoacaricide ilifa ukusebenza onedumbe, amakhalane kunye nezinye izinambuzane. Esi sithintelo isiphumo ezonakalisayo luvo yabantu. Olu hlobo isicelo kufuna isuti olukhuselayo processing yezityalo.
3. Ovicide enze kuphela izinambuzane, amaqanda, kwaye azinabungozi kwezinye izigaba umjikelo wobomi.
4. Afitsidy kusetyenziswa kutshabalalisa zonke iintlobo iintwala.
5. Larvicides zenzelwe ukubulala izinambuzane kwinqanaba mibungu.
6. Izigxothi - Izigxothi ukuba musa ukubulala izinambuzane, kodwa nevumba lawo kwenza kucace ukuba isityalo ngobubi bawo. Zisetyenziswa begadi njengenyathelo lothintelo.

Uninzi amachiza ayityhefu kakhulu, ngoko iingcali azilukhuthazi ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngaphandle nayiphi na imfuneko ethile njengoko prophylaxis.

zinambuzane Top systemic

Uluhlu zinambuzane zenkqubo yemfundo umyezo mkhulu - kuba kwisityalo ngasinye ngokusebenzisa ichiza ethile echaphazela ekumfimfitheni kwezinambuzane kule hlobo inkcubeko. Abalimi ingqalelo eyodwa bafanelwe amachiza zilandelayo:

• "Decis Suite", "Akhtar", "B-58", "Zolon", "Lyufoks" - ezisetyenziswa imithi yeziqhamo, kaninzi kwi apile, amapere kunye namaqunube;
• "Aktellik", "Apollo", "B-58 Entsha," "Varant", "Nissoran", "Omayt", "Ortus" - yenzelwe ukutshiza izidiliya;
• "Vertimek", "Karate" - kuba yemixoxozi, amathanga kunye neminqathe;
• "Voliam Flexi", "Danadim Mix", "Enzhio", "konfidor embaxa" - zeetumato;
• "Reldan", "Helikoveks" - to pepper;
• "Ratibor," "Karate Zeon" - for aubergines;
• "Antizhuk", "Icalypso", "matador", "Mospilan", "Fastak", "Fury" - osetyenziswayo ukulawula izinambuzane e iitapile, ingakumbi, i-Colorado iitapile qongqothwane;
• "Grinfort", "Douglas", "Matshi", "Nurel D", "Pirineks iSidlo", "Sumition" - isicelo izilimo, kubandakanywa ngenxa yamasimi ezinkulu;
• "Arriva" "Fufanon" - kuba yemixoxozi (melon, ivatala);
• "Vertimeks", "Force", "Omayt" - ukuba bomvu.

Olu luluhlu zinambuzane zenkqubo esetyenziswa omabini amacandelo abucala kunye kushishino. Kufuneka usebenzise ezo amachiza ezifanelekileyo benkcubeko ethile, njengoko sineenjongo ezingatshabalalisa sohlobo oluthile sisidleleli.

Isiphumo ngezityalo kunye nokusingqongileyo

Xa phambili izityalo iimeko zivuma (ubushushu obufanelekileyo, ukunqongophala imvula, imozulu epholileyo, ukufuma) uluhlu olupheleleyo zinambuzane lwenkqubo aziyongozi izityalo. Ngaphandle koku, naziphi na iinzame izityalo unyango ukulungiselela yemichiza - ntshikilelo kuye. Ukuba oyidlayo sibalwa ngokuchanekileyo, ichiza lukwakhuthaza ukutya izityalo, kwezinye iimeko iphuhlise omzimba ezinambuzane ezithile.

zinambuzane Umhlaba kungaba yingozi, leyo bangabi kuphela emva kweeveki ezili-10. Impembelelo embi banayo iintlanzi kakuhle, izinambuzane eziluncedo (ingakumbi iinyosi), izilwanyana. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba avelise isitshizi kude apiaries, amachibi kunye amadlelo.

Xa isityalo processing

Yonke imithi imiyalelo ukuze zisetyenziswe. inikwe ezi iidosi, kwakunye nemiqathango efanelekileyo wokutshiza. Imithetho nokuhlawulwa yezityalo zasePilippi zezi zilandelayo:

• Kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo kwisigaba umjikelo wobomi esi sinambuzane xa ukhetha i zinambuzane - kuba kamva abadala ukusebenzisa ovitsity apho kusebenza kuphela kwi amaqanda;
• ekusetyenzweni iziyobisi eziliqela kufuneka athathe ingqalelo ehambelanayo zabo, ngenxa yokuba ukuba iikhemikhali ndlela ephosakeleyo kunokubangela umonakalo noqhekeko ukuba izityalo;
• processing lwenziwa njengenyathelo lokuthintela - kuphela xa sibona le miqondiso yokuqala yokwehlulwa;
• ngexesha izityalo lokudubula kufuneka ayeke wokutshiza - oko kuchaphazela umgangatho nobungakanani lwesityalo akuyona indlela engcono;
• wokutshiza isiphelo ukwenzeka iintsuku 40-45 phambi kokuvuna, njengoko zinambuzane kunokuba yingozi emzimbeni womntu.

Kuba kangangoko, kufuneka unyango oluqhutywa kwimozulu eyomileyo ezolile ngorhatya. Kwakhona ukuphepha kwakuvuza ichiza evela amagqabi alandele ngqo le miyalelo ilandelayo kumvelisi.

unyango zinambuzane Tindlela

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezisebenzayo iikhemikhali zonyango ezisetyenziswa kakhulu horticulture. Ezi ziquka oku kulandelayo:

1. Afefe bonke ubuso izityalo kunye isisombululo zolwelo olufanelekileyo lwechiza. Isebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo - ibhotile spray kunye nethumbu elide ukufikelela amasebe eliphezulu. Yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo nesebenzayo ukubulala izinambuzane. zinambuzane zenkqubo yemfundo imithi yeziqhamo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu wokutshiza ichiza.
2. Uvuvuzelo kweziyobisi ifomu powder, kule ndlela, xi ichiza ifunyenwe ngasentla oqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo.
3. Ibangcwaba granules emhlabeni ivumela ukujongana ezidla izinambuzane zokuphuhlisa emhlabeni.
4. Izinambuzane - wokutshiza iikhemikhali kwizityalo ezikwimiyezo ngohlobo zomphunga.
5. Thambisa iimbewu isisombululo zolwelo of zinambuzane nga ukuphelisa amaqanda ezincinane izinambuzane.

Le ndlela ukhethe ngamnye, ngokuxhomekeke iminqweno kunye amathuba nsimu.

zinambuzane Systemic ukuze izityalo ezisendlwini

Ngaphandle kokuba izityalo ezisendlwini mancinane basengozini yokuhlaselwa izinambuzane, kunokuba emyezweni, yenzeka. Amaqanda okanye ezidla lweentshulube bakwazi ukufumana kunye komhlaba okanye amanzi zokunkcenkceshela. Ukuze ubatshabalalise, amachiza zilandelayo:

• "Akhtar" - iikhemikhali ukulungiselela thiamethoxam kunye into esebenzayo, elonakalisileyo izinambuzane ezifana intothoviyane, mealybugs, izinambuzane isikali, iintwala. Kuphumelele kwisifo samakhalane.
• "Akarin" - into leyo ebulala izinambuzane ezifana sawflies, igqabi, amanundu, intothoviyane, iintwala. Ichiza ke ningalihlambeli nomhlaba ngokukhawuleza kutshatyalaliswa ngamanzi.
• "Bazudin" olusebenzayo kwizinambuzane nangaliphi na ixesha umjikelo wobomi. Ifakwe emhlabeni xa kuhlwayelwe izityalo, kwakunye phezu komhlaba xa sibona lo sisidleleli.
• isepha Green esebenzayo ukujongana iincukuthu, slyunyavkami-spittlebugs, intothoviyane, izinambuzane scale. Ngenxa ukwakhiwa ichiza uthathwa ukuba indalo.
• "Intal Latest" evela ngohlobo tablets, nto leyo kwakhona ngamanzi ngomlinganiselo tablet omnye ngalinye 10 litre yamanzi. Isisombululo engumphumela itshizwe amagqabi esityalo. Mhlawumbi ukuya unyango 3 ichiza ukuya ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwabantu izinambuzane.
• "Ubukhali" iyasebenza kwizinambuzane isikali, inani ngokokuma kwento, lozhnoschitovok, mealybug. Ichiza kuqwalaselwa phantsi kwemiqathango ayingozi ebantwini kunye izilwanyana zasekhaya, ngoko emva kokuba imveliso kufuneka azichaze ukuba izityalo ezifuywayo kunye nabantwana.

Ezi zinambuzane zenkqubo yemfundo izityalo ezisendlwini ziyasetyenziswa kwakhona ukuphawula yezityalo zasePilippi, kubalulekile ukuba bagcine idosi ecaciswe kwileyibhile beziyobisi. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kufuneka ukhethe indlela leyo azinabungozi ebantwini kunye nezilo.

Amalungiselelo Conifers

Izinambuzane kuchaphazela Conifers akukho igadi ngaphantsi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, izinambuzane ezicwangcisiweyo isicelo abalimi sapling abazisa ubuhle ndawo. Kwimimandla echaphazelekayo komthi aqalisa ukuba tyheli, le iinaliti ziyawa, ukuba kuvela amabala amhlophe? Oku kubonisa ubukho izinambuzane. Basebenzisa iziyobisi zilandelayo:

• "Konfidor", "Mospilan", "calypso" - yejunipha nxamnye iintwala.
• "Akhtar", "Enzhio" - ngempumelelo akhuphisane izinambuzane scale wejunipha yaseYurophu. Ukuze avelele, unyango yenziwa iintsuku ezili-14 kunye rhoqo 1 yonke imihla 2-3 ngotshintsho amayeza.
• "UKesare," "Nurel-D", "Aktelik" - isetyenziswe ukubulala ntwala cucujidae Oregon, nto leyo amaphelo kuzo zonke iintlobo Conifers. Ichiza esetyenziswayo amaxesha ngaphantsi kwe-3 kubekho isithuba seentsuku 10-11.
• "Bazudin", "beNdudumo", "Medvetoks", "antikhrusch" ngempumelelo kutshabalalisa abemi Polyphylla kuzo zonke izigaba zophuhliso (ukusuka mibala ukuze abadala). Njengoko enye indlela zinokusetyenziswa pine tree kufuma, onqanda kweeshelfu cockchafer amaqanda lwamabhinqa kwindawo ingcambu yezityalo coniferous.

Xa liqhube imichiza kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izindululo umenzi, eboniswe kwiipakethe. Ngokuchanekileyo umthamo kubalwa ukutshabalalisa izinambuzane olwaye lwamfimfitha ngaphandle kokuzenzakalisa isityalo.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba indawo encinane kunye nokufuma aphezulu mziba izinambuzane egadini. Ukwenzela ukuphepha zabo, oko kuyimfuneko kuqala zonke ukubonelela iimeko eziqhelekileyo ukulungiselela ukukhula kwezityalo ezikwimiyezo.

ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo zinambuzane imichiza, kuthathelwa ukhuseleko akhawunti kunye nezindululo malunga esithathwa kumenzi ndiyisindise ubuhle site, impilo yezityalo lokuvuna.