Ziintoni iimpawu noshowo ulele: nokwakheka ubomi iinkqubo

Kwindalo, kukho ezinye amaqela ezimangalisayo eziphilayo ndingenguye nayiphi na eyaziwa yezikumkani indalo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ziyintlanganisela eziliqela ngabo. Omnye weyona mizekelo iphawulekayo ezi ulele. Bona bade bafunda inzululwazi eyahlukileyo ebizwa lichenology. Ziintoni iimpawu noshowo ulele, zokuhlala zazo kunye neenkqubo ubomi? Konke oku kuya kuxoxwa ngazo nzulu kweli nqaku.

ngokuncedisana emangalisayo

Ezi nabani na enxulumene eziphilayo le zibangelwa kwavumela nomngundo kwakunye nezityalo. Kodwa asingabo bonke amalungu la maqela bayakwazi ukwenza kwavumela eyinzuzo elinganayo. Ziintoni iimpawu noshowo ulele? emzimbeni mushroom, okanye mycelium iqulathe zixhobo ezininzi ezingcakacileyo ebizwa hyphae. Phakathi kwabo iiseli cyanobacterial - ulwelwe blue-eluhlaza. Oku kukhokelela eyodwa. Oku uyakwazi usebenza kuphela xa kukho umngundo akhulayo kwaye lisiza.

Ziziphi iimpawu ubume ulele

Amacandelo yale ngokuncedisana zendalo ibekwe hayi chaotically. Ulwakhiwo ulele (Scheme ibonisa lilungiselelo eziqalelo ngamnye) yakhiwe kakuhle. Umzimba ezi zinto ziphilayo kuyinto thallus? okanye thallium. Oku kusekelwe hyphae fungal, ezo phezulu nasezantsi natywinwa, ukwakha into ebizwa noqweqwe. imisebenzi yayo ziyafana nezo inwebu ukutyabeka izityalo. Le ukhuseleko kwiimeko ezinzima kunye nobudlelwane kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Ngaphakathi ulele nayo ibekwe imisonto fungal, kodwa ukuchaza libanzi. Kunyanzelekile, kuba iiseli icyanobacteria phakathi kwabo. Kanye amakhowa, ulele baye rhizoids. Ngokuseka ngu msebenzi kunye nendawo emzimbeni bafana neengcambu izityalo ngaphezulu. Kodwa umahluko inkulu kukungabikho zonke iintlobo amalaphu. Utsho rhizoids iiseli asingabo ezizodwa kuphela anatomically zidityanisiwe.

ngezigaba ulele

Iimpawu ubume be-ulele zinoxanduva ubudlelwane babo ngamaqela shape yomzimba - thallus. Ngokuxhomekeke koku, kukho amaqela ezininzi:

• Crustose - inkangeleko efana ngumgubo. Zingasebenza amatye okanye amaxolo imithi uqweqwe ezingcakacileyo, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi maxa wambi abangaboniyo kunye komhlaba.
• Foliose - ezibhalwe ngendlela ecacileyo. thallus lwabo inqwaba ukuba ihlukane ukusuka zeendawana ngaphandle kobunzima.
• Zaziya - uninzi yonke imbonakalo yazo Ndifana izityalo asezantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuba ifomu ebanzi kwaye iflethi noseko etyholweni encinane okanye isakhiwo iinwele-like.

Iinkqubo zolawulo ezisisiseko zobomi

Ukuma yangaphakathi ebangela ulele kunye neempawu komzimba ezi eziphilayo. Ngenxa yokuba zenziwe umngundo kunye algae zonke iinkqubo kubalulekile, ayafana nalawo maqela zasendle.

ukudla

Amakhowa kwakunye nezityalo eluhlaza abondliwayo iindlela nkalo ezahlukeneyo: hetero- kunye autotrophic. Ngoko ulele eyenzeka yokuqala neyesibini. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kukhubazeko ezi izinto kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo yokusingqongileyo. Ngapha koko, ukuba iimeko zemfundo-self akukho iikhabhohayidrethi, umzimba lubamba izondlo eziyimfuneko amasuntswana ubomi emhlabeni okanye enye zeendawana. inkqubo photosynthesis ulele kwenziwa ngokubonelela ulele izithako organic kwaye ekwandiseni umoya mpilo. A zeendawana mushroom kukuba ukumvumela emanzini kunye nezithako iyapheliswa. Ezi icyanobacteria esetyenziselwa inkqubo ifotosinthesisi. Le ndlela lokondla ebizwa mixotrophic.

buphindwe

Ukuze ubone uhlobo yokuzala ezi zinto ziphilayo, kuyimfuneko kwakhona ukukhumbula oko iimpawu ubume ulele. Ekubeni luqulathe nomngundo kwakunye nezityalo, kunye nenkqubo ukuvelisa uhlobo yabo bayakwazi zombini yokuqala neyesibini. Le nyaniso ayikho ngaphandle sibalulekile kukhubazeko kunye nokusasazwa.

Kanye nomngundo, ulele benza imbewu - iiseli yokuzala maqanda. Bona ethuthwa umoya namanzi phezu imigama emide kunye namahlelo kakhulu. Xa iimeko zivuma, baqala ukuphuhlisa, akha umzimba abadala. Indlela ukunciphisa izityalo ulele zivelisa asexually kusetyenziswa zizityalo - oko kukuthi, iinxalenye thallus. Kusenokuba amatyholo mikhulu okanye ngamaqhekeza amancinci kakhulu, equlethe kuphela hyphae ezimbalwa umngundo kunye icyanobacteria iiseli. Oku kwanele ukuba uphuhliso olukhawulezayo yonke eziphilayo. indlela ukuzala kwezityalo lubalaseleyo xa kuthelekiswa sporulating.

Ixabiso ulele kwindalo kunye nobomi babantu

Yintoni na isakhiwo ulele, siye safumanisa. Ngoku makhe sihlolisise izinto ezisisiseko intsingiselo yaso ngokwemvelo. Ulele musa ngempazamo ngokuba "oovulindlela 'enezityalo. Ngapha koko, baye bakwazi ukukhula kwiindawo apho kwezinye izinto awukwazi kuphila. Umzekelo, ukulungisa kulwalwa, baza ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba ndingabonakalisi. Ngenxa yoko, kukho isizathu ukuze kwakhiwe lomhlaba - ngumqathango oyimfuneko ngenxa yomphefumlo kwezityalo.

Ulele na ukungafuni ngokupheleleyo iimeko zokuphila, kodwa bakhetha ukufuma eliphezulu. Xa nembalela okanye iqabaka, ukuba ukuxhoma ngobunzulu okanye amandla iinkqubo zobomi kwaye abuyele emva. Ulele zikukutya ezinye izilwanyana wasentla. Xa amayeza, ukuba zisetyenziswa microbicides.

Ulele - iqela elikhethekileyo eziphilayo, nakumgangatho wehlabathi, okusoloko ngokuhlalisana umngundo kwakunye nezityalo. Xa zizonke iimpawu ezi zikumkani, njengoko izalathi si zokunikwa kwindawo ecocekileyo kunye isiseko kotyani emathafeni.