Zeziphi ezi ntlobo ezahlukeneyo zetekisi? Indlela ukufumanisa uhlobo lwetekisi?

Eli nqaku igxininisa Eneneni, yintoni na iintlobo zeetekisi.

Text - oku hayi uthotho lwezintlu ezilula amagama. Kuyinto inani elithile izindululo ezinxulumene stylistically kwaye ngengqiqo ukufumanisa isifundo nokuba eqhelekileyo kunye ingqibelelo yayo noshowo. Itekisi kufuneka ibe ingcamango iyalandeleka ezisisiseko ukuba inxalenye yokugqibela kufuneka kuziswa kwisigqibo esisiso. Okubhaliweyo kweentlobo ezimbini - zomlomo (uthethe ngokuvakalayo utsho) nokubhala (inkcazelo ebhaliweyo iphepha okanye ifomu). Xa volume, mhlawumbi kuba izivakalisi ezibini ubuncinane. Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo yintoni na iindidi zeetekisi, kufuneka uvule ezimbalwa imixholo eqhelekileyo. Masiqalise!

Amacandelo umbhalo

Enye yeendima eziphambili yimbono yokuba umbhali elibonakalalisa kwindalo yawo, ebonisa isimo sakhe nomba ezichazwe. Ibonisa ngcingane kuba mhlawumbi isihloko okanye enye iziphakamiso intsingiselo yetekisi. Le mbono - yinto uhlobo, ingcamango esingundoqo, apho umbhali, kwaye ukudala izicatshulwa.

sihloko kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokubonisa ingqibelelo isihloko esithile kunye nokubaluleka zonke okubhaliweyo ziya kulahleka. Oko kuya kuba iseti eqhelekileyo amagama kunye sentences with akukho ingqondo. Umxholo wesicatshulwa yintloko ephambili eziqhelekileyo ingxoxo. Loo nto ibonisa imixholo jikelele kwaye udlala indima engundoqo yesemantiki. Ngendlela kanye iya ekwezi kwisihloko esinikiweyo, kuxhomekeke ixabiso nokubaluleka umbhalo ogqityiweyo.

Lo mxholo uphambili kumbhalo omkhulu zingasasazwa kwinani imixholo-sub. Nabo ke, yahlulwe kwimihlathi (mikrotemy), nto leyo kaninzi oku bekwenza njengemeko. Umxholo - inxalenye yesicatshulwa, apho kuyimfuneko ukuqonda intsingiselo kweli binzana, ebandakanyiweyo kuwo. Ukongeza intsingiselo ecacileyo kwisicatshulwa inokufumaneka ingcamango efihlakeleyo, ebizwa izandi ezincinane.

Yintoni na le ngoma?

umbhalo nganye isakhiwo engaphakathi ethile, okanye ukwakhiwa. Ngokomthetho iseti kwezindululo iqulathe ezintathu, ezihambelanayo, ezizezi, intshayelelo, inxalenye eyintloko kunye nesiphelo. Njengenxenye "Intshayelelo" wavakalisa uluvo oluphambili, umxholo kunye nemiba ezivulekileyo eziya kuqwalaselwa kwixesha elizayo. Kakade, ngenxa yale nxalenye nqaku, unako ukuphendula, ziziphi iintlobo zeetekisi. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba awuzukhathalelanga khawuleza thina. The main okuyingxenye, nto leyo engundoqo, sele iqulethe kanye uphuhliso iingcinga kunye neengcamango yesicatshulwa. Apha it phendla umxholo ongundoqo kunye ingcamango kusonjululwa zonke iingxaki avakalisa kwintshayelelo. I sigqibo inika kwisigqibo ubhalo ingcinga ephambili. Kule nxalenye, kwaye ishwankathela izigqibo. Xa ukulungele ukusebenza, ungakhetha nesihloko isalayita lonke umxholo wayo, okubhaliweyo unako mazithathwe epheleleyo.

iindawo zezakhiwo

Okubhaliweyo ngokwayo yinto eyahlukileyo, enengqondo ezihambelanayo. Ezi ndawo zibizwa ngokuba iiyunithi zetekisi. Le yunithi lincinane isindululo sokuba ithathwa ekumgangatho ophambili zesakhiwo.

ezidluliswa amaqela akhiwa njengento ezifana amaqhekeza aseleyo, bona, ke, ukuphuhlisa zibe yimihlathi ngemvo epheleleyo. izinto ezinkulu zesakhiwo - nemihlathi, izahluko kunye namanye amacandelo - obala ngokwegrafu. Yonke iminqongo Lombhalo umsebenzi text-bokwakha. A noshowo kunye lwesemantiki umanyano chain inkxaso inceda inter-ibinzana okanye uqhagamshelwano parallel, apho kwimo phindo kunye sengigqi uthelekiso Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kuba ingcaciso kunye inkcazelo, njalo-njalo. Ngenxa yoko, lo mbhalo na isakhiwo ezithile eziquka iindawo ezihambelanayo.

sisondele kakhulu sifika impendulo kumbuzo oko iintlobo zezicatshulwa na.

yini kube iindlela

Indlela yokuthetha umahluko Buthathaka kunye nencwadi, le yokugqibela ka lwahlulwe lwaba: style lwenzululwazi (uncwadi academic), isimbo journalistic (media, umabonwakude), kwakunye indlela esemthethweni (iintlobo uxwebhu ezahlukeneyo) kunye nesimbo obugcisa (imisebenzi art). A isici esasenza indlela yobugcisa kukukwazi ukudibanisa zonke iindlela ngeendlela ngasentla.

Zeziphi ezi ntlobo?

Ekubeni uhlobo intetho ekhethwe umbhali ukuba baveze iingcamango zabo, uyayisombulula le njongo ephambili apho lo mbhalo zadalwa. Iintlobo ezisebenzayo-lwesemantiki iitekisi yahlulwe esibalisayo, inkcazo nokuqiqa.

Uhlobo "esibalisayo" imele ibali iziganeko ezalanayo thaca ngokokulandelelana kwexesha.

Xa udidi "inkcazelo" kukho luphawu engqinelanayo yomfanekiso kunye naziphi na izinto, iziganeko, abantu, okanye iziganeko.

Uhlobo "Ukuqiqa" ithathwa isifundo kunye nophando izinto ezithile nokuchonga ulwalamano lwabo. Nazi ezi ntlobo izicatshulwa.

Iimpawu ze 'indaba "

Uphawu lohlobo iqhelekileyo kwindawo yokuqala luphuhliso iziganeko ngexesha elithile. Okwesibini, ngalinye itekisi-ibali elibaliswayo yakhiwe ngokohlobo imitya iziganeko, uphuhliso lwabo kunye utyhilo. Okwesithathu, umbalisi okanye umntu wesithathu okanye yokuqala. Ngokusisiseko, izenzi ezikwixesha elidlulileyo (ifom ogqibeleleyo) ezisetyenziswa ngayo ibali. Khumbula ukuba zeziphi na iintlobo zeetekisi elibhaliweyo nje ngasentla, kwaye ezi ziqendu siya ndinabe kumntu ngamnye kubo.

Iimpawu i "inkcazelo"

Eyona uphawu olu hlobo iimpawu ziyafana yaye uphawu yeengcaciswana kwisifundo esithile okanye isiganeko. Nalu uluhlu kwi iimpawu eziphambili neempawu uphawu le into echazwe. Xa inkcazo isakhiwo esenzelwe, nezintsonkothileyo iinkcazelo ezifanayo kunye nezongezelelo. izikweko nazo kusetyenziswa, uthelekiso kunye epithets. Eyona njongo iphambili yale yombhalo-inkcazo - kukudala injongo izimvo neembono ngalo mba.

Iimpawu i "Ukuqiqa"

Le ngxoxo lalo scheme ethile kunye nesakhiwo enengqondo. Okokuqala, uluvo oluphambili kubonakaliswa, uMenzi hypothesis okanye kwithesisi. Emva koko, ukuba ukungqinelana okanye ukuchasa oko, ngeziganeko kunye neengxoxo. Ngenxa isiphelo kwitekisi liqulathe izigqibo ngokwengqiqo esebenzayo.

Indlela ukujonga uhlobo

Cinga indlela yokubona uhlobo lwesicatshulwa. Okokuqala, kufuneka ufunde ngenyameko, ukuqonda injongo yawo kunye mxholo, ukuqulunqa intsingiselo nomxholo. Khawubone mibuzo iyaphendulwa kwisicatshulwa. Ukuba lo mbuzo nto? phi? okanye xa? - phambi kwakho ibali, kuba injongo yayo engundoqo - ukuthetha ngalo mbandela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba umbhalo yimpendulo kulo mbuzo ntoni? - kuya kubakho inkcazelo, njengoko njongo yayo iphambili ukuchaza sifundo. Ukuba umbuzo kutheni? njani? okanye yintoni? - ke le ngxoxo, ekubeni kubonakaliswa ekholisayo uluvo ngomxholo le ngxaki. Indlela ukufumanisa uhlobo lwesicatshulwa, injongo ephambili ukuqonda umxholo kwaye ugxininisa mngeni engundoqo kunye neempawu zetekisi? Ngaphandle kobunzima! Kakade ke, sinikela ingqalelo iimpawu ezingundoqo iintlobo zezicatshulwa.

Ngenxa yoko, izindululo eliqela enxulumene kunye nabanye - oku isicatshulwa. Neentlobo zabo yahlulwe inkcazelo, sisifundileyo nokuqiqa kwaye imida phakathi kwabo kakhulu eqhelekileyo. Kuthetha ntoni oku? Amaxesha amaninzi, umzekelo, siqendu sisifundileyo okubhaliweyo wadibana iziqalelo ze-inkcazo kunye (okanye) kwiimpikiswano. Oku kunokubonwa imisebenzi efana nale: "ngoMvulo liqala ngoMgqibelo", "Anna Karenina", "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya", "Le milo". Leyo yenye isiqwenga (ingakumbi wobugcisa) kwiimeko ezininzi anokuqulatha zonke iintlobo zezicatshulwa ezinentsingiselo.