Zeentsalela acid iasidi zakhiwa molecule?

Of acid acid iintsalela neemolekyuli protein zakhiwa. Iipholima ezinjalo izinto eziphakamileyo eziphilayo zendalo. Le nto ndiyibhalayo imichiza ezifana ne-carbon, kukho hydrogen, ioksijini, nitrogen langoku. Le asidi acid kufuneka phosphorus, kwaye njengenxalenye iiproteni ezininzi nesalfure.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

Ekubeni iintsalela acid acid kwemolekyuli ngeglasi iimolekyuli protein, ukuba abanesizalwane ubunzima eliphezulu eziphilayo. Zibizwa ngokuba makropolimerami. Njengoko imizekelo iikhompawundi eliphantsi ubunzima molekyuli ziquka alkoholi, acids carboxylic, nucleotides, monosaccharides, acid.

macromolecules

It is eyakhelwe zeentsalela acid asidi iiproteni molecule ezifunekayo imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eziphilayo. Kwi-avareji, bayo ubunzima isalamane ezinto imelwe asukela amawaka ezimbalwa ukuya kwizigidi. Xa molecule iikhompawundi protein, ii-asidi acid, polysaccharides ithathe isixa esithile yokumane units.

Monomers ebizwa molekyuli elula ukuba isiseko ukuze kwakhiwe iimolekyuli Polymer. Zeziphi molecule kwakhiwa ukusuka acid? Impendulo yalo mbuzo abazaziyo abafundi bezikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo. Monomer ngokuba kwabo acid. Kuba polysaccharides ezifunekayo monosaccharides, kunye nucleotides ayafuneka kulwakhiwo asidi acid.

Meaning of biopolymers

Ngoko ke, lo iintsalela acid acid ezakhiwe ngazo iimolekyuli protein ukuba enze imisebenzi emininzi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukwakhiwa umsebenzi wabo. It ikuvumela ukuba ukwakha iimolekyuli protein ukuba ethile into ephilayo ngamnye. Ukongeza, iimolekyuli protein - umthombo wamandla, kwaye ke ngoko neeproteni ziquka ukudla imihla ngemihla. Xa iiseli eziqulethwe izixa ezahlukeneyo oganikhi khompawundi. Ngokomzekelo, kuba izilwanyana luphawulwa ngakumbi ubukho bezinto lipids kunye neeproteni izityalo - isixa olwaneleyo carbohydrate.

Kwezi iintsalela acid acid zeprotheyini neemolekyuli isilwanyana zakhiwa. "Izitena" Loo leyo iikhemikali amphoteric akhe kwemolekyuli iiprothini ngolandelelwano ethile. Okwangoku kukho ulwazi malunga ubukho asidi ezimakhulu mabini acid, kodwa ukuze kwakhiwe iiproteni yendalo kusetyenziswa amabini kuphela kubo. Zibizwa neprothini-wokusungula. Umzekelo, iiprotheni ukuba sakhiwe interlaces of alanine, leucine, lysine, aspartic acid, valine, methionine, glutamine, threonine. Ngomhla imbambano iintsalela acid iasidi zakhiwa molecule, abafundi banike imizekelo protein yezilwanyana.

Iimpawu yesakhiwo kwemichiza

Acid leyo bayakwazi wokusungula macromolecule, iqela acid kunye neqela carboxyl yesondo omnye carbon atom. Yiyo le phawu sidibanisa nombolo ilapha ngasentla. Le iintsalela acid acid ayashiyana nokwakheka ngokugqibeleleyo. Kusenokuba esibamba okanye hydrophobic, polar okanye non-polar, enika iimpawu ezithile asidi acid.

Ubuninzi acid ekwaziyo zokubumba molecule proteinaceous anazo iqela elinye carboxyl (kumafa yayo kukho hydroxyl kunye carbonyl) Iqela acid kunye enye, ngoko ke yiyo loo nto sesifana iimolekyuli cala.

Kukho acid ezisisiseko ukuba amaqela eziliqela acid, kwakunye asidi emuncu acid, nto leyo ubunjwe amanye amaqela carboxyl. Umzekelo, sulfur kwi molecule cysteine.

ongakhetha yokuqaphela

eziphilayo Autotrophic nokulungelelanisa acid ezintweni nitrogen-equlethe ezingaphiliyo kunye iimveliso zefotosinthesisi.

eziphilayo Heterotrophic zisetyenziswa njengomthombo ukutya iphambili asidi acid. Njengenxalenye lomzimba lomntu kuhlelwe ukusuka iimveliso acid asidi ukutya. iikhompawundi ezifana zithathwa interchangeable. Njengoko umthombo asidi kubalulekile acid ungakwazi ukufaka emzimbeni womntu, besebenzisa izinto ezithile. Ziziphi asidi kuthiwa kubalulekile ukuba umntu? Le lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine. Kuba nomzimba lo mntwana kukho ezimbini acid kubalulekile: histidine kunye arginine.

Ekubeni acid ukuba iikhompawundi amphoteric, ukuba luphawulwa reactivity eliphezulu. Phakathi acid acid kunye neqela carboxyl ka zinemoletyhule yesibini yakha gqithisela, ebizwa peptide (amide) udibaniso.

Ngenxa yoko sokungamelani wemichiza uvelisa isakhiwo peptide yomgama. Enye ekupheleni compound entsha iqela acid, kwaye kwesibini iqela carboxyl free. isakhiwo enjalo ivumela dipeptide basebenzisane namanye molekyuli acid, ukwakha polypeptide ezimbaxa.

isiphelo

Ezi peptides zibaluleke kakhulu ubomi babantu. Polypeptides kubume zabo ityhefu, imithi, kwakunye ezithile iihomoni. imixokelelwane Polypeptide ungase wakhiwe amawaka acid amalungiselelo ngolandelelwano ethile. Ukuba kuphela iintsalela acid acid iqanjwa macromolecules protein, zibizwa elula.

Ukuba isakhiwo kwemolekyuli iproteni ayikho amacandelo kuphela acid acid, kodwa ukuse- yesinyithi, manganese, zinc, iswekile, nucleotides, lipids, kule meko molecule kuthiwa iiproteni ezintsonkothileyo. Njengoko protein efanayo ezilula angamvaleli fibrin, albumins igazi, enzymes.

iimolekyuli protein Complex ukufumana izilwa-buhlungu (immunoglobulins) enzymes. Kukho iindidi ezine zombutho noshowo ezo molekyuli protein. isakhiwo Primary ke ulandelelwano yomgama zeentsalela acid acid eziqhagamshelene peptide (amide) izitropu.

Inika imisebenzi, iimpawu, kwakunye uhlobo kwiproteni. Ngokwesiseko bezakhelo zaseprayimari kudala izakhiwo iinguqulelo ezahlukileyo. Zonke izinto eziphilayo na isakhiwo yayo ezizodwa zaseprayimari, leyo kudala ezinye iingxaki ngenxa yamazwi. Umzekelo, kuvela ingxaki xa kukhethwa amayeza kubantu abathile.