Zamasele - yintoni na le nto? iimpawu Common kunye ukubonakala kwezilwanyana

Emanzini - siyinzala ngqo Crossopterygii. Avele kwi-380 eyadlulayo, yaye kamva wazala udidi ezirhubuluzayo. Njani emanzini? Yintoni eyahlukileyo kwezinye izilwanyana kwaye oko uhlobo lead na?

Zamasele - yintoni na?

Ngokutsho nenguqulelo eyandisiweyo, iintlanzi crossopterygian baba abemi bokuqala kwamachibi ababalwa kubo aphume emhlabeni. Ekufundeni isithuba esitsha kunye nokukwazi ukumelana neemeko ezahlukileyo, baza ngokuthe ngcembe baqalisa ukutshintsha, isishiya abantu abatsha - emanzini.

"Zamasele" - igama lesiGrike eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "iintlobo ezimbini zobomi." Eziphilayo, libhekisela izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni kunye namanzi. In isigama Russian eqondakalayo, ekubeni emanzini - its emanzini.

Ngaphambili, i ingqiqo kukwaquka amatywina kunye iilynx, kodwa kamva weza ukuquka ezinomqolo ezine-inemilenze kuphela oko ndingenguye amniotes. Modern iklasi eziphila ibandakanya salamanders kuphela, caecilians, leenewt kunye namasele. Bebonke kukho iintlobo-5 ukuya 6.7 amawaka.

Inkcazelo emfutshane ye eklasini

Izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini - are ezinomqolo ukuba ubukumkani isilwanyana oluphakathi phakathi intlanzi kunye nezirhubuluzi. amalungu amaninzi lamathuba enye ubomi emanzini kunye nomhlaba. Veliswa kunye nophuhliso lokuqala uninzi kwenzeka emanzini, kwaye zikhula, abubomi ezisentlabathini. Ezinye iintlobo ziphila kuphela emanzini.

Inkoliso eziphila musa ukukunyamezela yengqele, bakhetha kwindawo efudumeleyo, lweCarribean, kodwa uhlala kwindawo ngokoma. Phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, ukuze ebusika okanye ukutshintsha ngexesha umsebenzi, umzekelo, ukusuka ubusuku imini. Noko ke, ezinye iintlobo baye kuhlala kude emantla, umzekelo, intulo laseSiberia.

Izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini ukuhlala kufuphi amadama amatsha, yaye maxa wambi abeke kwindawo yazo, nkqu izadunge enzulu. Kuphela nje iintlobo ambalwa afumaneka olwandle. Development idla ilandelwa ngu izigaba ezine: iqanda (caviar), umbungu, milo kunye abadala. Xa salamanders zikhona kunye nokuzalwa ubomi.

ngoko abanakukwazi Onke amalungu odidi ukutya buthathaka, ukuze bafunde abatya nokutya oku. Eziphila ezi kwiintshaba zitya izinambuzane, ezingenamqolo ezincinane, kwaye maxa wambi nabazalwana babo. iintaka ezinkulu ukutya intlanzi entsha, amantshontsho nezikrekrethi. Kuphela feed mibungu kwizityalo squad tailless.

zikhangeleka njani na?

Isakhiwo sangaphandle eziphila yahluke kakhulu. Group caudate, equka leenewt kunye salamanders, ngembonakalo ufana malovane. Zikhula ukuya 20. yomzimba evuthelweyo kwaye iphela nge nomsila elide. Neck, emva kunye nemilenze yangaphambili bafutshane.

Amasele izinto eziphila tailless. Zinelungelo umzimba ebanzi atshabalalisa kancinane nentamo elifutshane. Umsila ifumaneka kuphela kwiqonga tadpoles. amalungu abo omzimba side yaguqa, ukuba walungisa ngexesha lamba kwaye baqubha (iindlela ezisisiseko ukufuduka). Iminwe amasele kunye salamanders luqhakamshelene web yesikhumba.

Caecilians - le yunithi njengayo "legless". Ngokwangaphandle, bakhangeleka ngathi ntshulube okanye ndyoka. ubungakanani zawo iisentimitha ezilishumi ukuya kwimitha. Caecilians akukho imilenze, kwaye umsila iyanqanyulwa. umzimba yabo wambu zinamaxolo kwaye ikalika imibala emnyama okanye emnyama ithoni omdaka, ngamanye amaxesha kunye amabala okanye imigca.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

Ulusu ekuyo, multilayer, kodwa obhityileyo ngokwaneleyo. Iqulethe glands ukuba cell yencindi esigquma umzimba wonke. Ngalo ke kufanele ukuba kwenziwe umoya. Phezu kwamanzi, ukuphefumla emanzini yenza kube lula, kwaye yezidalwa eziphilayo becala emanzini, babe iigilizi.

iikhamera Three-zawo intliziyo emanzini, zimbini waphawula kuphela salamanders. ejikelezayo ezimbini: ezincinane nezinkulu. lobushushu emzimbeni ayikho rhoqo kwaye kuxhomekeke yemeko ezisingqongileyo.

Brain zamasele mkhulu ngaphezu neentlanzi kunye nemiqulu 0.30% (v tailed) ukuya 0,73% (tailless) ubunzima bomzimba. umbono wabo uyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi imibala. Eyes lweso ezisezantsi iinkophe eliphezulu bulishica. Ukuba bahlule okubi incasa kwaye sizimisele ezinetyuwa kuphela ekrakra.

Isikhumba umzimba omkhulu liquka nobuninzi kwebala kunye luvo neziphelo. Xa tadpoles kunye zasemanzini kweentlanzi ezigcinwe umgca osecaleni, elinoxanduva lokuqhelaniswa esithubeni.

A Inani yencindi tailless kwi ulusu iqulethe ityhefu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho eziyingozi ebantwini isetyenziselwa kweentsholongwane kwemiphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, lo Ubuhlungu ezinye iintlobo yetropika inokuba yingozi. Ngenxa yoko, isele etyheli ezincinane (jonga umfanekiso ngentla), i listoglaz kwabangcangcazelisayo esinye sezilwanyana ezininzi inobuhlu- ehlabathini.