Gidon Kremer: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Phakathi violinists abaninzi abathi banika ihlabathi inkcubeko umculo Soviet, Kramer unendawo ekhethekileyo. Talent, iphindwe umthamo umsebenzi elikhulu, kunye isikhundla ecacileyo kawonke - zonke ezi mpawu ziye amenza udumo enkulu kulo lonke ihlabathi. Eyona nto iphambili iya kwahluka Gidon Kremer ekuqaleni umsebenzi wakhe ukwenziwa - ukusukela ukuqhama yesemantiki, ukuze ubone iinkalo ezintsha ngokomoya.

Oku kuboniswa akhethwe ngenjongo ekwenzeni imisebenzi abaqambi abafuna iifom ezintsha - i engaqhelekanga kwaye yokuqala. Xa umsebenzi ivayolin yamandulo, yena - a virtuoso ngengqiqo liphezulu ilizwi.

Violin Kwesesine isizukulwana

Yena kuqala uyichole sisixhobo ezandleni zakhe xa wayeneminyaka emine enesiqingatha. Gidon Kremer belusoloko wathi Isiphelo sakhe kokuvalelwa ngaphambi kokuba azalwe. Usapho bonke violinists, kunye nokukwazi umculo kwadluliselwa kwinqanaba yemfuza. Xa ngoFebruwari 1947 e Riga usapho Marianne and Marcus Karlovna Povich Kremer wazala unyana, abakhetha umsebenzi wakhe umculo babebonakala lemvelo.

umkhulu zokubelekisa - Karl Bruckner - lalisaziwa eYurophu, le violin kunye musicologist, yaye e Riga - unjingalwazi kwi Conservatoire. Kwakhona wazalelwa kwintsapho neemvumi eJamani, kunye nesiqalo nokufika amaNazi kuyanyanzeleka ekuthinjweni, kuqala e Estonia, ngoko e Latvia. Mhlawumbi, kwi bayahlelwa elubhacweni kunye notatomkhulu wakhe, notata wakhe, usapho ogama abantu abangaphezulu kwama-30 - amaxhoba Ngenkohlakalo, sinako ukubona imvelaphi uluvo lezopolitiko Gidon, ngubani ebesoloko ayekhalazela kubundlobongela ngokuchasene ngamnye, ngokuchasene-nkqubo wesizwe ndlongo ngalo naliphi na inqanaba.

School of ukugqwesa

utitshala wakhe wokuqala Gidon Kremer ebesoloko ingqalelo uyise. Ukusuka apho ke wathabatha ngcamango nga ukuba kuphumelela kuphela ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima. Njengoko watshoyo uMarkus Filippovich, ubuchule yokudlala ivayolin kuyimfuneko ukuba bagqwese ndandineminyaka eli-16, kungenjalo kuya kuba kakhulu emva kwexesha. Ngoko ke, iiyure yonke imihla iiklasi zibe wanda ukuba yimvumi eyaziwayo esemncinane. Ukufumana imfundo zomculo lwemethodoloji, waqalisa ukufunda e Riga Umculo School. Emilya Darzinya.

Ngowe-1965, wafudukela elikomkhulu eSoviet Union kunye wangena Moscow Conservatory, apho waba ngumfundi le violin okuqaqambileyo Davida Oystraha. Ukususela kanye ekuqaleni zoqeqesho umfundi oselula ukhetha ukuphumeza imisebenzi kakhulu ngendlela enzima, yaye ekupheleni somculo kaloku udaba lo virtuoso, leyo ezendeleyo kule musicality ezizodwa kunye nobunzulu nokuqonda zombini yobuciko yamandulo kunye neendlela ezintsha ubugcisa violin.

Ukuqaphela lokuqala

Ekupheleni konyaka iklasi ka-Oistrakh omkhulu, ngowe-1969, Gidon Kremer uthathe inxaxheba kuKhuphiswano Violin e Genoa. Inkqubo khuphiswano ibandakanya, phakathi kwezinye izinto Caprices ukubulawa Paganini, ogama igama unxiba olu khuphiswano odumileyo. Le violin young eSoviet waphumelela ibhaso lokuqala. Kulo nyaka mnye waba ibhaso yesibini kukhuphiswano yemveli eyayibanjelwe e Montreal, Balahlekelwa indawo yokuqala Vladimira Spivakova.

Eyona ibalulekileyo kuphuhliso umsebenzi imvumi waqalisa uKhuphiswano Tchaikovsky eMoscow. Ngowe-1970, umnini ibhaso lokuqala phakathi violinists Gidon Kremer waqala. Iifoto artist oselula epapashwe zonke eziphambili iimpapasho umculo ehlabathini lonke. uloyiso Zobungangamela bamenza igama violin mfana ngokwenene ethandwayo. Ekubeni yaqala umsebenzi kwikonsathi esebenzayo Kremer kwiindawo kwihlabathi jikelele.

abakwamanye amazwe

Akazange wacinga yena abe ophikisana ecacileyo, kunye neentetho zakhe isekhona akakukhathalele inkcubeko elo lizwe, leyo folokohlo 1990, kwaye ke leyo eyaba ezihlangwini eSoviet Union. Kodwa akazange wazama abonela ubomi esemthethweni yiSoviet, nto leyo kulawulwa yi imiyalelo amagosa kunye namaqumrhu nemibono. Phakathi umculo akhetha ukwenza eninzi leyo akunconywa ngabalawuli, imisebenzi emininzi kwabo ababekolo ngehlazo abaqambi basentshona eSoviet kunye mva.

Yena nabahlobo kunye Alfredom Shnitke, waba njengophume wokuqala umculo awudlalayo. Wadlala Sofyu Gubaydullinu, Edison Denisov, Giya Kancheli - abaqambi omsebenzi wakhe engasahambisani ifomu kunye nomxholo kwi-sikhokelo ubugcisa ideologically echanekileyo. Violin, a winner owayesakuba amakhuphiswano emininzi yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuba abasinikwa naziphi na ezinye ezisemthethweni ekhaya.

Ngowe-1980, phakathi kwabo abashiya eSoviet Union kunye ogama lakhe uvaliwe kweli lizwe, wajika Gidon Kremer. Biography of violin yafakelwa ezinxulumene ne eJamani. Ikonsathi yokuqala kwilizwe emva kwekhefu wathabatha iminyaka elishumi kuphela kamva.

eziza

Ku fanele ku iimvumi abaziva zokuzonwabisa nokuphumla ifitsha eyona ingabalulekanga zobugcisa yakhe. Cinga abaphulaphuli akakwazi ukuqonda umculo, yahlukile ukusuka uyilo kukhuthazwe nezingqinekayo, wathi lohlaselo kakhulu kuye. Ngenxa yoku, Kremer rhoqo esiphikisanayo kunye neenkampani irekhodi kunye nabaququzeleli kwikonsathi, abangazange bafune emngciphekweni ingqalelo zoluntu, ezifundisa imisebenzi yakhe engaqhelekanga kwaye yokulinga, umculo kufuna iinzame ethile engqondweni nasemoyeni.

Violin classic uhlala kuye izinto ezisisiseko ngendlela adlale ubomi. Umculo abathandi kakhulu ingcaciso eyodwa imisebenzi zidweliswe njengecandelo ethandwayo. Kulo mzekelo, Gidon Kremer of Schnittke, Gubaidulina of malunga Astor Piazzolla, Filippe Glasse uthi, njengoko a iincopho zomculo hayi ngaphantsi lingabalulekanga Bach, bukaBeethoven okanye Tchaikovsky. Khankanya abaphulaphuli indlela kubo - umsebenzi ufanelwe naliphi na igcisa kakhulu.

Gvadalini, Stradivari, Guarneri, Amati

Le virtuoso odumileyo Kremer wakhe wathi, loo nto va ngokuxhomekeke isixhobo ukuba unawo amava yokudlala imisebenzi owayephila violin. Kwangaxeshanye, yena xi ulwalamano olukhethekileyo phakathi mvumi isixhobo yakhe, nto leyo maxa wambi eyimfihlakalo. Ukuvisisana lobudlelwane bangakuphuhlisa oku umlingo, utsho Kremer. Gidon Markusovich wathi nethamsanqa ukudlala phezu iisampuli ezibalaseleyo ukuphunyezwa kwale buchopho.

Violin wenza Dzhovanni Batista Gvadalini, ukuba ilifa uyisemkhulu - Karla Bryuknera. Wandinceda ukuba aphumelele kuKhuphiswano Tchaikovsky. Kubomi bakhe Stradivarius kunye Guarneri, waza wanika iimvumi lwegumbi orchestra odumileyo waseka "Kremerata Baltica". Namhlanje, idlala i nokuba yamandulo ngakumbi izixhobo, wadala 1641, umsebenzi Nicolo Amati.

Ethutha

Nguye flight rhoqo. ucengcelezo ezininzi, imidlalo kunye neemvumi abaselula lweBaltic bahlanganisana kwi "Kremerata Baltica", ekhatshwa impumelelo efanayo. Ke wamitha, Wahlela seSigqeba Umculo Festival e Lockenhaus, Austria, owayekho iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. Kremer iye yapapashwa iincwadi ezininzi ukubhala ngokuphila, yena inxaxheba na ukuphendula iziganeko ezinkulu, kuquka indawo eRashiya.

"Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, ukufunda ukuphila ...!" - ngoko wabhala kwinqaku Gidon Kremer. ubomi Personal njengemvumi kakhulu iyavisisana. Ntombi - Anastasia laye liyathandwa umdlali Russian kunye TV Lika Kremer - by wokwamkelwa kwakhe, qhubeka ukukholisa uyise kude kube ngoku. Zezomntu izicwangciso yimvumi - ukuya yokuhlala isigxina kwilizwe wembali, ngaphandle ukunciphisa isantya umsebenzi ngobuchule.