Iimitha zokuhamba: iintlobo kunye nokubala

Indlela yokwakha indlu encinci yokunyuka iphinde igcine kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye neendleko? Khetha iiplanga ekwakhiweni. Zihlala zibiza, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwazo kunye nokufakela kuya kuba nzima. Iimitha ziyahlukana zenza imisebenzi eninzi. Okokuqala, benza njengengqungquthela yobuncwane kwicandelo elincinci lendlu, ngaloo ndlela liqinisekisa ubungqina balo nokuzinza.

Iimithi zokhuni ezigqityiweyo

Kuze kube yimini, bayathandwa kakhulu kwizakhiwo zendlu eziqhelekileyo kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo zokhuni nezakhiwo. Apha kukho enye enkulu "kodwa": ubude bayo bukhawulelwe, ngoko umgama we-interstore awukwazi ukugqitha ngaphezu kwe-5 m, kwi-attic-6 m. Imivumba eqhelekileyo iyenziwa kwimithi ye-coniferous and deciduous. Ukwakhiwa komgangatho awukho nje ngokuthe ngqo kwiimitha, umqulu, umbane kunye nomgangatho.

Izakhiwo ezisisiseko kunye neziseko

Imfuno ebalulekileyo yokwahlula okunjalo ngamandla amnandi. Ekubeni kule meko iiplanga ziya kusebenza njengesiseko somgangatho, kufuneka, ngokufanelekileyo, zimelele umthwalo onzima.

Ukuba kukho igaraji okanye i-cellar enkulu phantsi komgangatho wokuqala, kungcono ukwakhiwa komgangatho weenkuni ngaphandle kweenkuni kodwa kwiintsika zentsimbi. Oku kubangelwa ukuba imithi iyahlula emthini ibolile kwaye ayisoloko ikwazi ukujamelana nomthwalo omkhulu. Unokunciphisa umgama phakathi kwamaplanga.

Umgangatho we-Attic

Umgaqo wokwakha isakhiwo somgangatho we-attic singazimelela okanye usebenze nje ngokuqhubeka nophahla ngokwalo, i E. Yiba yinxalenye yenkqubo yefayili. Inketho yokuqala yokhetho, njengoko igcinwa. Ukongezelela, nguye onika i-sound insulation sound. Ukwenza oku, iiplanga zikhethiweyo kwaye zibekwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Okokuqala, yonke imipu yomgangatho wee-attic kufuneka ibe yinto nje yomthi omile, i-best of all coniferous (ipine, spruce, larch).

Ukuze bangaguquli, baxhonywe omnye komnye kumgama we-1 mitha okanye mhlawumbi. Into ehlala yomeleleyo yokubhinqa yintsika yomgangatho wee-attic, onomlinganiselo wamacandelo kwicandelo le-7: 5.

Umgangatho ophakathi

Isakhiwo esakhayo siquka umphumo we "ezimbini kwiyodwa": ngakwesinye icala, i-interior floor joists yilezi zilayiti zomgangatho, kwaye ngelo xesha, ngakwesinye icala-inkxaso yendawo. Njengomthetho, isikhala phakathi kwabo sigcwele ukushisa okhethekileyo kunye nezinto zokufakelwa kwezandi, kunye nesicelo esifanelekileyo somqobo womoya. Umngcipheko wezantsi uphelile nge-plasterboard, kwaye ibhodi yomgangatho iqiniswe ukusuka phezulu.

Iimitha ezigqitywa emthini zininzi zeentlobo, ngasinye sinezinto ezifanelekileyo.

Imizila eqinile eyenziwe ngamatye

Ngenxa yokuveliswa kwawo, kukho imithi enzima kakhulu. Okwangoku, i- inter-floor iyaqhubekayo kule mijelo eyenziwa ngoncedo lomthi oqinileyo kuphela nge-span ubude obude (ukuya kuma-5 emitha).

Iiplanga zemihlathi edibeneyo

Iimithi ezinjalo zelitye ezenziwe ngamaplanga azikho naziphi na izinto ezincinci, njengokuba iteknoloji yokuvelisa inikezelwe ukuba yenziwe ngobude obude.

Ngenxa yokunyuka kwamandla emigxobhozo isetyenziswe kula maxesha xa kukho imfuneko yokumelana nomthwalo omkhulu kwi-overlap.

Iiprojekthi zemizila enemizila:

• amandla amnandi;
• unokwenzeka ukuba uphahla olukhulu lokuhamba;
• lula ukufakwa;
• ubukhulu obunzima;
Ubomi benkonzo ende;
• ayinayo i-deformation;
• ukhuseleko lomlilo.

Ubungakanani obukhulu beburandi obubonelelwe ngamamitha angama-20.

Ekubeni imilambo ehambayo iqubuke phezulu, ayisoloko ikhonxwe ngaphantsi, kwaye ihlala, ngaloo ndlela, ivulekele, iququzelele i-design yangaphakathi efakelwe ngaphakathi.

Icandelo eliphambene nemigangatho yamatye

Njengoko umkhuba ubonisile, icandelo eliphambene nemigangatho enjalo linempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekukwazi ukumelana nomthwalo. Ngenxa yoko, kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza ukubalwa kwecandelo eliphambene nale nqaku.

Iimitha ezigqityiweyo indlu zingenalo icandelo elixandekileyo, lesikwere okanye elijikelezayo.

Njengombhobho wemigangatho kwizindlu zokhuni ngenjongo yokuyila, igogi ingasetyenziswa.

Silindele umgangatho wokhuni

Umgama phakathi kweemithi zamatye uzimisele ngoku:

• Okokuqala, imithwalo enokwenzeka.

Umthwalo, njengomgaqo, unokuhlala uhlala: ubunzima besilitye, ubuninzi beesahlulo phakathi kwamagumbi okanye ubunzima bomnatha werhasi. Kwaye kudibanisa nalokhu - uguquko: lilingana no-150 kg / m square. (Ngokuhambelana neSNiP 2.01.07-85 "Imithwalo kunye Neziphumo"). Kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yizinto eziguquguqukayo ziquka ifenitshala eninzi, zonke iintlobo zezixhobo, nje izinto ezisezindlini zabantu.

Ekubeni kunzima ukuqwalasela yonke imithwalo enokwenzeka, kuyimfuneko ukucwangcisa ukugqithiswa kunye nenqaba yenkqantosi. Iingcali zicebisa ukuba zongeze iipesenti ezingama-30-40.

• Okwesibini, ubunzima okanye ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bokuchithwa.

Kuphi na uhlobo lwezinto, i-GOST ichaza imida yayo yokuqina. Nangona kunjalo, ifomula yokubala ifanayo: ukuthelekisa ubungakanani obukhulu bokungcoliswa kunye nobukhulu bebhokisi.

Ukubalwa kweeplanga zomgangatho

Inkqubo yokubala imithando yeenkuni iyaxhamla iyanzima. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba kufuneka ukhethe umgama ofanelekileyo phakathi kwabo, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukuba uchane ngokuchanekileyo icandelo lesiphambano ngokwaso. Kule njongo, balala ixabiso lokungcolisa kumthwalo othile kwisigaba esinqamlekileyo. Ukuba le nkcazo idlula isiqhelo esivumelekileyo, umgqomo womgangatho uthathwa ngecandelo eliphambili.

Njengomthetho, ukubalwa kweemithi zokhuni zenziwa ngokwemiqathango. Nangona kunjalo, ungasebenzisa i-calculator eyenziwe ngokukodwa ukubala izinto ezifunyenweyo. Ikuvumela ukuba uyiqwalasele yonke into ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ukufumana ulwazi kwaye uzibale.

Ukuba iiplanga zihlanganiswe ndawonye, ziza kuthwala umthwalo kabini, kwaye xa zixakwe omnye komnye - ziyakumelana nomthwalo malunga nezihlandlo ezine.

Imisipha yamatye ihamba

Uhlobo lwesibini oluthandwayo lweeplanga zomgangatho wesinyithi luyintsimbi. Isidima sabo: zihlala zithembekile, zinokwethenjelwa, zinobuncinane obuncinane, kwaye ke, gcina indawo. Icandelo eliphetheyo lezinto ezibonelelwe ngeprofayili ehambayo. Kukho iintlobo ezi-3: iibona, imigoqo yesiteshi kunye ne-I-imitha. Ngendlela yokugcwalisa phakathi kwazo, ukufakwa kwekhonkrithi engalulayiyo okanye okubizwa ngokuba ngama-slabs angabonakaliyo angabonakaliyo, kwaye, ngaphezu koko, iinkophe zokhuni. Inzuzo ephambili yemithi yensimbi kukuba ububanzi besithuba buvela kumitha 4-6 okanye ngaphezulu. Kwaye ukungonakali kwabo kukuba i-metal joists ifanelekile ukubola kunye nokunciphisa ukushisa kunye nokuqhawula umsindo, nangona kunjalo, uvakalelwa kukuba unokukunceda kule nto.

Ukubalwa kweensimbi zensimbi kuhamba

Kubalulekile ukuhlawula ingqalelo ukuba ukubalwa (amafomula) kufanayo kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemithi. Kule meko, ubungakanani bomzuzu wokungqinelana, njengomthetho, uhlolwe ngokubhekiselele kwincwadi ethile yesetyenzisiweyo okanye kubalwa kwi-calculator ekhethekileyo yamaplanga, ungayifumana kalula kwinethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke.

Imigangatho yomgangatho: ixabiso

Kunzima kakhulu ukuthetha ukuba olu hlobo lweemitha luya kubiza loo nto. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ixabiso lenziwe, kungekhona nje ngokusekelwe kwimiba (ngokukodwa, inkuni okanye isinyithi). Ukubunjwa kwalo kuchaphazelekayo ngokubaluleka kwabo, kunye nomvelisi. Ixabiso elincinci lentsimbi yeenkuni li-ruble ezingama-219. Ngo m / n.