Yokuhlola Popper kaThixo. Lwemibandela kunye provability

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba yaba ixesha xa kwakukho uphuhliso eliqaqambileyo bulumko of positivism. Ngenkulungwane yama-20, kwi-1900 yokuqala, lenzeka babizwa ngokuba izazinzulu Vienna Circle ngubani ingqalelo iinzululwazi efanelekileyo, ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu kwicala lezingluntu, nangona abaninzi kubo ngokwabo nabantu. Phakathi amalungu Vienna Circle ibaluleke kakhulu yaba uKarl Popper. yophando lwakhe zazibaluleke kakhulu. bemfuno Popper esisebenzayo kuphela kwinzululwazi kodwa ngendlela egwebayo.

UProfesa nomsindo?

Herr Popper wayengumfundisi uphawu onzima kakhulu. Yena amgxothe umfundi intetho ukuba ingxabano encinane okanye umbuzo osisiyatha. Noko ke, abo banqwenela ukuba ukumphulaphula wayesoloko kakhulu kunene. kwintanda-bulumko Popper To ochaphazelekayo prohibitively ezibalulekileyo, wabongoza abafundi ukuba bacinge ngokuzimeleyo, kodwa izwi iintetho lakhe ishishini yingozi. Ingakumbi ukuba umfundi wabuza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa lo mgaqo falsifiability ukuya siseko falsifiability. Kwanele ukuba bathi yinto ibinzana elula tautological amehlo katitshala baba anozizi. Yintoni na umgaqo ka Popper?

Science uye iipropati

Ukuze ufunde le ngxelo, Cingela okanye ithiyori yesayensi, kuyimfuneko ukuba lo mgaqo kunokwenzeka ukubuphikisa. bemfuno Popper ithi kukho inkalo rebuttable engenakususwa ulwazi lwenzululwazi. Ukuba into ayikwazi ziyayiphikisa, ngoko yona kwaye ningabi. Kukho kwakhona imfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba amagama kwacaca ngokwaneleyo, okanye ibinzana, hypothesis okanye imfundiso balahlekelwe refutable. Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuyiphikisa ulwazi ingqalelo, ngoko inkxaso naye nje ukwenza mbumbulu.

Falsity akukho ubungqina bokuba

bemfuno Popper ithi ulwazi, ndingenabo obam rebuttable akutsho ukuthi ubuxoki. imigaqo abaninzi ezintweni, umzekelo, akubuxoki, azigqibi nesayensi - oko kukuthi, azinabungqina semthethweni zabo. Nto nje uyazi, kwaye kulazi konke. Yintoni ulwazi Popper njengenqobo yenza ngokuzenzekelayo mbumbulu?

Ingakumbi nalapho kule nkalo, le ebizwa ngokuba yi-ulwazi esoteric. Bona bakholisa ngokubanzi kakhulu aliqulunqileyo, umntu ngamnye zama ukufumana zaqinisekisa ukuba oyifunayo. Uninzi imigaqo esoteric ayikwazi lukhangelwe, ngoko ulwazi olu hlobo kufuneka ithathwe njenge imveliso nokuchulumacha, wadala ukuzifundela. Kodwa musani ukubaphatha kakhulu kubo.

ishishini Arkansas

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, indlela abenze wasebenzisa Popper kileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kwimeko ukufundiswa ngendalo ezikolweni singqiniwe ukuba le mfundiso ayikwazi kuqwalaselwa njengenxalenye zenzululwazi zendalo, kwaye kufuneka yenziwe ngexesha lonqulo, ekubeni azinabungqina ulwazi ezilolu hlobo yaye ngokuphelele. Emva kwesi siganeko, ngo-1982, lo mgaqo yayiza kusetyenziswa kwixa elizayo xa luya kwenza isigqibo asinike lwenzululwazi okanye nesayensi, nangona kwesimangalo yale hlobo - lwepaki phakathi baseMerika bathanda ukumangalela.

Ngoko ke, uKarl Popper wazibeka iziseko zenzululwazi mihla. Ukuba wakwazi ukuba zivakalise ukuba ixesha lethu ukuba umntu ingabonakala ilula. Noko ke, ngokufunda nje xa sikhumbula ukuthandwa esotericism ...