Yiyiphi imibuzo iphendulwa gerund? Gerund - imizekelo. ILizwi-izibaluli ebelidlula

Xa isakhiwo ulwimi Russian, kunye iindawo ezizimeleyo kunye esemthethweni intetho , kukho ekuthiwa-kwiimo ezikhethekileyo yesenzi, apho iingcali zeelwimi ezininzi bexabana. Abanye babo bathi ukuba iimpawu morphological umthendeleko kunye ento ingabonakaliswa iindawo ezibalulekileyo, lo gama abanye bathi yi ukuxhomekeka ophezulu kakhulu zezi fom kwesenzi, kwaye ke ngoko akukho apho yedwa aziyi kuqwalaselwa. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa kwinkqubo yesikolo ebizwa ngokuba uhlobo gerund yesenzi isinye ayitshintshanga, nto leyo iba ixabiso izenzo ezongezelelweyo kunye neempawu zegrama yesenzi kunye sisihlomelo. Ukuze ubone ukuba igama elithile kwi imeko yale fomu ezikhetheke kakhulu, ufanele wazi ukuba imibuzo iphendulwa gerund. Kulo mzekelo, i "Kwenzeka ntoni?" okanye "Yintoni ntoni?" Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ukuphendula le mibuzo, ilizwi kufuneka Incedisa isivisa, oko kukuthi, ukuchaza indlela Okwenziwayo ithatha indawo kwisivakalisi.

imiqondiso yesenzi

Ngenxa yokuba ixesha ebelidlula luqokelelane ukusuka isenzi kwaye luhlobo ekhethekileyo, oko onenxalenye semvelo yale ntetho, iimpawu morphological. Okokuqala, ifomu, oko nibe ngabazalisekileyo, abangafezekanga, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni hetiseka amanyathelo okanye akafumaneki. Ngokomzekelo: jonga (CB) nokukhangela (Pdr). Okwesibini, le yexeshana: gerund na isenzi, kunye nefom yenguqu ingasetyenziswa ngaphandle isalathandawo kunye negama inxalenye yokuthetha kwimeko genitive - ukuba Wakhanyela - kunye nominative kwaye wesenzo Ekwamkeleni. Umzekelo: ukuba ukwakha ubuhlobo. A gerund umenziwa, imizekelo apho zifumaneka rhoqo ngentetho, ebesoloko esebenzisa kunye izalathandawo. Umzekelo: i nokuhlangula, ngamany 'ilanga.

iimpawu lwezihlomelo

Ukuze kumiselwe iimpawu morphological ezifanayo nezo ze isihlomelo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba imibuzo iphendulwa gerund. Ngokomzekelo, ndimi window, ekhangela (ukuba ukwenza zombini?), Msuseni. Ukusuka mzekelo ubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba eli gama ibonisa zombini isenzo besinga kunye uphawu kwayo kwi isenzi ephambili kwisivakalisi kwaye isebenza iimeko. Ezinye iimpawu morphological uphawu yinxalenye elizimeleyo zentetho, ezifana ngobuhlanga, ubuso, ixesha nomhla, akukho kuba akaguquki.

imperfective ebelidlula

Xa isifundo le topic ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikwe ukuba yiyiphi imibuzo iphendulwe iintlobo gerund ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ento abangafezekanga umcimbi ngaxeshanye benza amanyathelo ezongezelelweyo ukuze elikhankanyiweyo isivisa, kwaye uphendula lo mbuzo, "Kwenzeka ntoni?". Umzekelo: emi phezu kwesitulo, wakhupha indebe ukusuka shelf phezulu.

Kwakheka kwi ngokusekelwe ezinjalo izenzi NSV gerundive in langoku usebenzisa izimamva -a- okanye -ya-. An ngaphandle ukuba igama atshintshelwe uhlobo ekhethekileyo -uchi- nesimamva. Kwezinye iimeko -uchi- kwaye -yuchi- kusetyenziswa kuphela ukufumana gerund stylistically ezinemibala. Imizekelo ukuba - njengokudlala - kwamandla.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akukho zonke izenzi imperfective nga lwenze isiseko ento. Imfundo akazibandakanyi iiyunithi lungelelanisa eziphela -ch, -nut, ngokunjalo nokufutha ngaphakathi igama sisiseko kuphela consonants. Umzekelo: eziko, eyomileyo, ukubhala, usele.

Ento ifomu epheleleyo

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba imibuzo iphendulwe ifomu egqibeleleyo gerund nendlela ibunjiwe, ekubeni le mithetho kuza kunceda ukwenza imilo zinqwenelekayo ilizwi. Umbuzo ento CB ngu: "Yintoni ntoni?" amazwi anjalo amanyathelo abalulekileyo owenzeka phambi vavisa ekhankanyiweyo. Umzekelo: emi phezu kwesitulo, wayithabatha loo ndebe kwishelfu ephezulu.

Ento eyenziwe data kwisiseko izenzi perfective kwixesha elidlulileyo ngoncedo uqhagamshelwano lwe isimamva zilandelayo:

• -B- ukuba isenzi isiseko uphela ngesikhamiso (ekwenzeni, akuba Bawuyeka ngokususa);
• -vshi- ukuba senzi, imbuyekezo kunye nesiseko sawo iphela phezu lwesikhamiso (krwaqu stroked ekuboneni);
• -shi- ukuba isiseko uphela ngeqabane (elahlekileyo, ifihlwe).

Participles kunye ento: umahluko

Kubalulekile ukuba ukubabhida umbuzo umthendeleko kunye ento kwaye bafunde ukwahlula phakathi ezi zenzi. Eneneni, akukho nto enzima apha. Ukuze kumiselwe kakuhle kwindlela igama elisetyenziswe kufuneka akhumbule oko imibuzo ento (Yintoni kukwenza ntoni?), Ke leyo - kwi yobudlelane (? Yintoni ukwenza ntoni ntoni?). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi ntlobo zimbini iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo morphological kunye nexabiso. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, umthendeleko ibonisa imisebenzi kunye iqapheleka imiqondiso isiphawulo, ngelixa gerund ibalulekileyo amanyathelo liye likhula.

Uhlalutyo Morphological of ento

Enye imixholo ephambili ekufundeni kwicandelo ulwimi Russian le gerund kukho uhlalutyo morphological yeentlobo yesenzi. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka kuhlalutyo zinikwe isindululo kufuneka zenziwe ukuze ufumane isiseko zegrama gerund. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngokutsho iziseko zegrama kuphakamisa imibuzo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho nto esintsonkothileyo. Ukwazi ukuba gerund uphendula imibuzo (imizekelo ezidweliswe ngasentla), ebonisa isiphumo olongezelelweyo into okanye umntu ekubhekiswa kuye isindululo ukuchaza nje. Ngaphezu koko, kubhaliwe uze uqhubeke kohlalutyo.

Uhlalutyo Morphological eyenziwa le nkqubo ilandelayo:

1. Bhala phantsi igama ulwimi, intsingiselo yalo zegrama umbuzo indawo ukuba kubonelelwa ukusuka kwigama engundoqo.
2. Rekhoda imilo gerundive lokuqala dwelisa iimpawu zayo morphological, ezizezi: uhlobo gerundive (ogqibeleleyo okanye abangafezekanga) kunye ukwenzeka kwayo.
3. Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba parses ilizwi luhlobo akatshintshi, yaye ngenxa yoko akukho abalinganiswa morphological yomahluko.
4. Ekugqibeleni, abonisa indlela isindululo lilungu le gerund kule meko.