Yintoni na ke ngokuphuma abangabasemisebenzini Lermontov

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov igqalwa wabaseki i Golden Age of iincwadi Russian. Ezincwadini zakhe, wafunda yaseChekhov kunye Tolstoy, imibongo yakhe baphefumlelwa Bunin ne Akhmatova. Ukuyazi gama owuthanda umfundi namhlanje, ehleli ibha liphezulu ukuba nabani na ucinga yena ngumbhali Russian.

Le hero of ixesha lakhe

Lermontov - imbongi ngexesha kuphuhliso loncwadi zinamandla kunye indlela enogonyamelo yezopolitiko. etyebileyo ilifa layo kunye nemisebenzi ezinkulu zoncwadi ubomi ungena leminyaka kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Banesifo - eli xesha, ingqiqo eqhubekela, iingcinga nolusizi ngekamva, ukwalela kunye nokuzisola. Ngeli xesha, kusekho yokusabela ekubulaleni Decembrists, njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, wathetha ngo-1825.

Society ekhangela impendulo yombuzo ukuba benze ntoni, bengathabathanga kude kube sekupheleni kabuhlungu wolawulo lomkhosi omtsha. Nicholas kuqala ungena isebe yesithathu abecuphi, ukuhluza iindaba ufakwa yonke into, izinhanha uphawu amagama. Zonke ezi zinto alelwe ngokupheleleyo ulutsha. Ukuphelela nokwala bayinxalenye bulumko omtsha, oma endleleni uMichael oselula.

I-mbini iincwadi

Le ncwadi siqinisekisa ngokoqobo, nto leyo sitya ngokuphuma bobuchule Lermontov. okuchithwa Russian ngokumangalisayo yongezwe isichasi wayo - romanticism. Kwaye ke inkosi oselula magama kuphela nako ukudibanisa ezi ndlela zimbini, ukudala yobuciko nemibongo, imidlalo, iprozi.

Ukuzalwa umlinganiswa zemibongo

Isihobe Lermontov abaphandi yahlulwe ngezigaba ezibini: ulutsha kunye nobudala. umfanekiso Artistic hero ombambazelayo uye ngeempawu ichazwe ngokucacileyo ngamnye romance yasekhaya, singqongwe lihlabathi ngaphandle.

Nangona Michael waphefumlelwa ngokwasemisebenzini Byron, amaqhawe zakhe bazuze yengxoxo ngakumbi. Kamva, yena ufumana indlela yakhe, apho kukho uthando umgca kabuhlungu kwaye akukho ubuhlobo. Ubomi linikwa kwi uhlobo ngokucinga kuphela. Le motif izahlule Pushkin.

Xa intliziyo ungquzulwano kukho unyaka emnyama eRashiya, yaye kuchasene iimbono hero yothando. Ngaloo ndlela, inyaniso iqala ukulawula ihlabathi obhityileyo engaphakathi lyrical. Kule ngxabano ozalwa ngokuphuma kabuhlungu bobuchule M. Yu. Lermontova. Kwaye kule minyaka, olu ngquzulwano uya kwandisa kuphela. Oku kufuneka anike amazwi okubi namathandabuzo ukuba iqatshelwe imisebenzi yezinye ezakudala ezifana Baratynsky. Noko ke, le "emntwini ongaphakathi" Lermontov iyaqhubeka isindululo kunye nophuhliso, lizibophelele amaxabiso aphezulu. Le yenye inkalo wembongi.

Isizungu imisebenzi Lermontov - indlela ukubuyisela imali eseleyo kwi umphefumlo wakhe. melana lyrical kubonakala ezingeyondalo umbhali, uthetha 'uthando wasemzini "ngenxa lizwe, yena wathi ayidalwanga abantu. Lyric ayikho nje ukuswela ukuqonda abantu bacinga ukuba ufuna yona ngqo.

Umendo wembongi, ohlala ngaphandle iziyolo zentlalo, kwachazwa Pushkin. Kodwa izibongo isihloko ngemisebenzi Lermontov yenza kwi dialogue Russian lyric kunye "emntwini ongaphakathi". Le nto iye yaziswa ngu Belinsky-ntonye ngenxa lyrical. Ubukho bakhe - aseluphawu ezintsha okuzekeliswayo elizayo, ngokuba umfanekiso umlinganiswa zemibongo ngokuhamba kwexesha similise uphawu.

imagism yangaphakathi

Iqala i sikweko indalo imifanekiso kumbongo Lermontov kaThixo. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula i "Sail" ngo-1832. Le ndlela efanayo umbhali usebenzisa kulo mbongo "NguLiwa," "Tuchkov wezulu," "Xa Wild North" njalo-njalo.

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Lermontov inkululeko elirhweba mibala yongquzulwano nokuthanda, imemori obungunaphakade kunye ukulibala, ukudideka, nothando, sokugxeka noxolo, nomhlaba kunye nesibhakabhaka. Yezihloko oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwaye edibene namanye, kutheni ukwenza uhlobo multi-amaninzi ubugcisa bemveliso yombhali.

Belinsky wachaza imbongi lyric njenge bamakhazikhazi kuba waphakamisa imibuzo malunga namalungelo ngamnye, bayahlelwa kunye nokuziphatha. Nangona kunjalo, lo mhlalutyi ubonisa ukuba ezi zihloko ayifi kwaye zisoloko kwemfuneko.

Le ukuziqambela ulwimi

Le ukuziqambela lolwimi Lermontov kaThixo kuqondwa, uhlole umsebenzi wakhe. Kulo mbongo "Sail" - yimbonakaliso lonxunguphalo, intlungu, belinde isaqhwithi ngengqiqo lomzabalazo. Kulo mzekelo, akucacanga ukuba yintoni kanye eyenzekayo lo mzabalazo, akucacanga ukuba oko anako ukuba akhokele.

Amazwi "Awu! Yena andifuni ulonwabo "uthathe kakhulu ekupheleni intshukumo indawo yesenzi. "Yaye asiyi kuba namathamsanqa, ivele" - yenye kweziko lwesemantiki umsebenzi. Kubonakala ukuba umzabalazo kunye ixhala engqondweni - it amaqabane quest for an alinakuzuzwa ofanelekileyo, ukwala inkqubela.

"Sail" - ukuba uhlobo umzobo hlabathi bezobugcisa umbhali, umzekelo apho ungabona ukohluka bobuchule Lermontov. inkcaso Romantic ngokusisigxina kuphulukana isidima harmonic yomntu ngamnye.

Umzekelo, ezimbi kabini kumgca "Hayi, hayi, ukuze wayekulangazelela Ndiyakuthanda 'ukuthetha malunga iimvakalelo enamandla kwaye phendla i amathuba ukususa uthando akhululeke. Le ukuziqambela bobuchule Lermontov - yindlela ukuphakamisa umntu phezu eziphikisanayo ebomini, kunokuba gxwa ibe imbambano njengoko kusenokubonakala xa efika kuqala. Nditsho ekunzima ubomi nokufa imisebenzi yakhe kwenyusa umoya kwabantu iimeko.

umphefumlo ekucamngceni "emntwini ongaphakathi"

Enkondlo imibongo ulimi ihlabathi enemvukelo engaphakathi hero. "Ukufa a Imbongi", "Palms ezintathu", "lullaby Cossack", "uHero Ixesha Wethu" - ukungaqondani ayinyamezeleki kunye Mzoli. Kuyo yonke imigca ukucaciselwa emangalisayo kunye ngqo yokuvakalisa. Oku, kwakhona, ingqina mbini yexabiso imbongi.

Inani elikhulu yeentsingiselo eziphikisanayo adityaniswa emfutshane inxalenye ezintathu-ngumbutho quatrains amathathu kwaye kulo mbongo "Sail". Quatrains zakha oneziqu ezithathu, le vesi yesibini uyaphikisana yokuqala, kodwa wesithathu ibuyise kwamaqabane.

Slim inxalenye ezintathu-imilo ivumela yokusombulula le ntswela iyavisisana kakhulu, ubuncinane ngaphandle. Idibanisa uchasaniso engaphakathi, yaye uxinezeleko bodwa kunye komda ongaphandle eqhelekileyo.

Le ngendlela yezibalo zombongo

Le omnye of Pechorin "Nkosazana uMariya" wabikela ukungqubana ngamnye kunye noluntu, ngenxa yokuba kukho ukuphikisana zangaphakathi. Kwintetho Petchorin wabonisa uchasaniso eliqela ngokupheleleyo eyakhiwe kakuhle rhyme. Lermontov ugxininisa icaca quatrains iziphumlisi apho dash eyenye kunye colon.

Le fom lujolise ngumkhinkqi yemida zangaphakathi zomlinganiswa, utyhila amandla umphefumlo unganqandeki kunye nentshukumo enamandla.

Ukucinga malunga ngokuphuma wokuyila Lermontov kukhokelela kwesinye isigqibo malunga awohluke kolwimi lwakhe lyrical. Le unyawo lo gama opeyintayo - kuba isakhono athe uyakwazi ukuchaza ihlabathi yabantu yangaphakathi, kunye nobomi zendalo kunye iziganeko ezahlukeneyo.

Kulo mzekelo, isiseko lonke ilifa lakhe zemibongo umxholo elilolo. Igama elithi "omnye" - eli ilizwi kakhulu ngolwimi lombhali. Ngaphakathi hero soloko ingqalelo amandla enkulu agcinwe ngenxa yokukhanyela ubomi zesiqhelo kunye neminqweno yayo encinane, lo kobunye phakathi kwabantu. Isizungu Lermontov ezaliswe sinqwena esisuka ukuphumeza umnqweno womanyano lobomi, ingqibelelo kunye nemvisiswano yehlabathi.

igama Umculo

inkosi yegama zomculo kakhulu, kwaye iprozi lakhe linazo kusini na imvakalozwi izandi ichazwe kwintetho umbutho ngesingqi. Yayilixesha yokuqala iphuhlisa ubungakanani trisyllabic ukuba zange ukusebenza ngaphambili kwi ababelawula ngaphambi obungaka, nkqu Pushkin.

Isihobe Lermontov uzele ezahlukeneyo, athi ukuphucuka ezinesingqi, iziphazamiso imilembelele lwangaphakathi yesingqi-syntactic kunye ulingano engqongqo, ezilandelelanayo ngokucacileyo. yombane Huge kuguqula ukulisa nokuvakalisa confessional xa uthelekiswa a lokuqala ixabiso elitsha imveliso ngqo. Umzekelo, umgca malunga ubomi "uviwo lokulayita" lube yintlekisa engenanto yaye ziziziyatha.

Namhlanje, ingakumbi isifundo eneenkcukacha lilolo Lermontov. Ukubhalwa kwalo naluphi na uhlobo kuxhomekeke ingqalelo enkulu wobugcisa yombhali. umgca Romantic kwi imbongi wavakalisa ezidibeneyo lweendidi ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezimbo zentetho. Malunga abalinganiswa "uHero Ixesha Wethu" Belinsky wabhala ukuba umbhali akwazi ukuvakalisa bumbongorha ulwimi yomgrayo Maksima Maksimycha iziganeko nokuba elula kufanekisela. Wawunika jonga ebomini comedy umlinganiswa bokubanga.

amazwi Abantu njengoko elikwisikhundla esiphezulu kwimibongo

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Lermontov ezinento yokwenza lwemveli. By Abantu kwindlela yobomi lijongene ingqokelela ka-1840. "Ingoma malunga Tsar uIvan Vasilyevich, a nonogada abaselula swashbuckling Merchant Kalashnikov" ukusungulwa indlela Russian intsomi umbongo. In "Field Borodino" rants lijoni romantic kamva abe ithandwa ngentetho kwi "Borodino". Apha, kwakhona, emlonyeni yabalinganiswa enyanzeliswa phezu imbonakalo eyodwa yokuqala enemvukelo umbhali. Lermontov uze uphike ngoku kuzibonakalisa kwilizwe uthando lwakhe iLizwe loobawo. Abantu ethetha abanalo imbongi yaphakanyiswa akangenanga ephezulu kwimibongo.

Le ukuziqambela bobuchule Lermontov wenze igalelo engenakuphikwa kuphuhliso ulwimi ngentelekelelo. Umgxeki Vinogradov wachaza ukuba imbongi ekhethiweyo indlela yokuqala zobugcisa yesihobe Russian kunye Western. Ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, zeenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo udala iintlobo ezintsha yokuthetha uncwadi oqhubeka siko Pushkin.

Funda ulwimi Lermontov xa

ulwimi Lermontov kaThixo kunempembelelo enkulu ababhali kamva Russian. It wasondela oluvela Nekrasov, Blok, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, yaseChekhov. YaseChekhov wakha wathi ulwimi Lermontov kufuneka ukuba ibattery ngathi esikolweni ukuze bafunde ukubhala. Ngokubona kwakhe, akukho ulwimi engcono. Imisebenzi ezishiywe Mihailom Yurevichem - a wabongamela yokwenene zelizwi.

Elikhethelwe abaqondi?

Imisebenzi umbhali, nokuba iprowuzi okanye umbongo, napolnnyayut ukufuna yokomoya inyaniso, ukunxanelwa msebenzi, idealization yemifanekiso uthando kunye nobuhle. Umntu wangaphakathi ofuna azalwe ngokwenene, ukuba umntu, ukuba abaziseka umntu. Kuba oku ukulungele ukuba bamkele lonke ihlabathi, ukuba lugqitywe ngo esifubeni sakhe wendalo yonke kunye iinkwenkwezi zalo. Ufuna ukudibanisa nendalo "Abantu abaqhelekileyo", kodwa ubona yena njengoko imimiselo enxulumene unyulo, ngaloo wancothukayo uluntu ngakumbi.

Isizungu Lermontov

Le nokubhala komoya 'bhadu esijikeleza ihlabathi kutshutshiswa "kwi imbongi oselula lyric ichaza ubulolo njengomvuzo. Kwiminyaka kamva - kunoko, kuba ngumthwalo, isithukuthezi, nto leyo ekugqibeleni anike inqaku ezibuhlungu. imisebenzi yakhe adlulisele ingqiqo umntu ongatshatanga kwihlabathi liphela.

Ngoko ke kukho ligorha, bebuzana zankomo olunjalo umphefumlo womntu, ezifana nothando, ubuhlobo, ukuthobeka. hero Lermontov kaThixo Ethundezwa disorder yakhe. Igcine e iibhola engqongwe sisihlwele motley ngeenxa zonke kuye abantu chudyatsya ezingenabuzaza "nokuhlonipheka iimaski ethangeni."

Ukuze ususe idyokhwe umlinganiswa soulless ngakumbi zidluliselwe amava zabantwana. Lermontov kukho umnqweno, njengomntwana, ukuba umngeni ihlabathi, ukuba ndiziqhawule imaski le amarhamente, ukuveza isihlwele.

Lilolo ichaza benesithukuthezi ingaphakathi. Ukuphoxeka eluntwini, umgaqo, imvakalelo lonxunguphalo kunye dekadanstvo banesifo abaselula yinqobo kuye. ban Political nendlela oqhutywa ngayo neminqweno yokwenene inguqu kwinkqubo yezentlalo mazigqithiselwe ubomi labucala. Akukho themba ukufumana ulonwabo lokwenene, uthando, ubuhlobo, ukuzeyisa ukuqonda. I 'Sail "edumileyo, apho kusoloko yedwa elwandle olukhulu - umzekelo ocacileyo we iimvakalelo isizukulwana eliselula elo xesha.

ubudlelwane babantu zibuthathaka, kodwa uthando ayahlukahlukenanga - athi, "NguLiwa", "Xa Wild North ...", "Igqabi".

Emva imvukelo Decembrists kweli lizwe iqala yokusabela eyomeleleyo yezopolitiko. Ubunyaniso kubonakala ukuba isizukulwana ezigwenxa banesifo, impixano, ezikhohlakeleyo. Eli candelo phakathi siseko leyinene ikwazi ukusombululeka ngoxolo, oku ayivumelani. Isisombululo ngxabano kunokwenzeka kuphela nje ngenxa yokuba ukufa omnye amaqela.

Ezo senza umphakathi kungaba yingozi Lermontov ndoda kodwa ovuselela imbongi, emthembisa ukufa kabuhlungu. Inye kuphela into eqhubeka ukuba nomdla kubantu - kukho umntu ekunene. Ngoko ke, kwixesha oqolileyo ngakumbi uyilo Lermontov iinjongo ezigqalileyo ngakumbi xopaxopa isakhiwo oluntu, exwebula buvele iingxaki ngokuphathekayo ezingxamisekileyo. Ufuna "ngenkalipho uphoswe vesi yentsimbi," kwaye loo nto lonke ixesha.

ukufa imbongi xa

Lermontov ithi isizukulwana aimlessness, vnurenney senkangala, elilela bayahlelwa weRashiya, kwangaxeshanye ugcwalisa imisebenzi yakhe ukudela nentiyo kuye. . Ubuchule M. Yu Lermontova - imvukelo nxamnye umyalelo okhoyo izinto.

Xa umbongo ukufa Pushkina imbongi sithumela cocktail entsonkothileyo wokuchasa izivamvo egeza. Ngoko kukho intlungu kwaye banconywa kunye nengqumbo. Pushkin kumsebenzi esijongene isihlwele, umlinganiswa sesithathu - imbongi isijwili yingqondi, uphawu uluntu. Lermontov ithi ukukhanya kukubulawa Pushkin, ukuba iNkampani iya kuthumela ngesandla umbulali lowo. Kwakhona, uMikayeli unika beqhawe, Pushkin, ubulolo, inkcaso ehlabathini jikelele.

"Ukufa imbongi" - yayiligalelo le ngqondi zemibongo, kwaye ngaphandle kokuba umtsibeli kwimbali entlanganweni kwakhiwa apho ukuqhubekeka ngobuchule kunye ngokomoya. Ubuchule Lermontov - nokuqhubekeka imbali sizukulwana sonke, yathatyathwa ukusuka Pushkin. Yeyona ilizwi labantu abatsha, lokucinga ngekamva leli lizwe, imeko nzima yayo, kunye nendlela ngokwayo. Pushkin waye ilanga besizwe sethu, kodwa akaba nako okanye akazange afune ukusindisa.

Lo mfanekiso ubungqondi phakathi awafane abangakwaziyo ukuxolela,, ukuba baqonde kwaye baqhankqalaze ukulwela kumaxabiso azo. imisebenzi Lermontov babezalwa ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, iimvakalelo kunye nengqiqo. Ecacileyo, ukucinga kakhulu ukushaya kwi tangle iimvakalelo kunye ephikisanayo. It is a division of ngeentsingiselo iingqiqo imbongi kunye nomntu, kodwa obedyayutsya imbongi kunye nemibongo. umsebenzi Lermontov kaThixo ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo kwiincwadi Russian, abanikela nokuvakalisa eziphathekayo enzulu natyebileyo kurhulumente, ihlabathi, ixesha kunye mntu kuyo.

Umlinganiselo ncam kwisihobe ezivakaliswe sigulo wegcisa kunye nehlabathi kobudlelwane. art esulungekisiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo ivaliwe ngexesha Iron Age inkqubela.

ukuthunywa

Imbongi Lermontov - ungumprofeti, nokugculelwa isihlwele. On oku kubonisa kwi "Umprofeti" umsebenzi "Imbongi". Oku ukuqhubeka umxholo kwimibongo kuluntu apho lyrics zidla esetyenziselwa ukuzonwabisa, kunokuba usebenzise isipho bakhe bokwenene kuThixo, ukuze afeze ikamva lakhe. Ngoko ke kuza kweli hlabathi ne kwimiyalelo kaThixo, apho uza ebantwini.

Lyric kufuneka umxelele loo mntu inyaniso, ukuze ukuveza, ukutyhila ubuhle kunye nothando. uluvo Lermontov, abantu ukukucekisa umprofeti. Le imvakalelo ibuyisela isihlwele ngoncedo kwizibongo nemibongo yakhe. Ngenxa yoko, imibongo iba nomdla imbongi xa ebufundisini. Njengaye nawuphi mesiya, wayenesizungu, yanto yaye aqondwe.

Iingcambu ngqu

Ubomi Nemisebenzi of M. Lermontov epheleleyo ephikisanayo. Wazalelwa kwintsapho apho kukho ukungqubana rhoqo abasenyongweni. Alwayo unina kunye utata, umakhulu. ukufa sikanina ndawaphula kunye uyise kubantwana abancinci - yenye indlela yokulwa, apho yobuntwana uzolile wasilela ukumelana yokwenene kakhulu. Wadubula kwi ball uyisemkhulu loNyaka oMtsha Misha, njengoko umakhulu wakhe, kakhulu, izele ngaphakathi.

Kwaye ngoku, emva kweminyaka engama-15 ehlabathini azalwa "yiDemon" engafiyo "baseSpeyin", kunye nonyaka kamva i "ukubonakala" odumileyo. Kubonakala ukuba iimvakalelo ezifana kwamathandabuzo buhlungu, bekhathazekile, zokulindela ngokutshatyalaliswa, ukunxanelwa zisabonakala, baba eziziimpawu lonke usapho wembongi.

Kuphela neze imisebenzi yesandi imvumi umphefumlo uvuyo nethemba. Ubomi bakhe umbhali uchaze mihobe mibini. Oku "Yintoni ukusetyenziswa ukuze aphile" yaye "Kutheni na azalwe."

Sobstsvennoy nemvo elitism, unyulo inyanzela imbongi kuluntu ukukhetha obukhulu kuzo obukhulu. kuchazwe ngokugqibeleleyo Mihaila Yurevicha Bryusov, ebiza umenzi qembu imbongi yakhe. Bruce wabona ukuziqambela vutshila ubuchule Lermontov ekudalweni ecacileyo, ezifana yemibongo "lemveliso".

Umfanekiso Lermontov - ngayo namhla mfihlakalo. Ubomi Ukufa lyrics - imfihlelo, kodwa igalelo lakhe iincwadi Russian kuba ibingenakubalwa.