Yintoni multi-lobeko lophuhliso loluntu? Zeziphi iintlobo iinkampani

Namhlanje sithetha into multi-lobeko lwe zophuhliso lwentlalo. Revolution kunye nenguquko - into yokuqala kufuneka ahlangabezane. Okulandelayo!

guqula

Okokuqala, masithi ukuba uphuhliso loluntu multi-lobeko - ukuba zonke iindlela apho uluntu ezahlukileyo. Ngoko akukho mfihlelo ekuphuhliseni uluntu ayikwazi kuba yomgama, ngenxa apho kukho inani elaneleyo kumaqela ahlukeneyo, nto leyo zahluke kakhulu omnye komnye. Uhlobo lophuhliso loluntu ngeendlela ezimbini: uguquko revolution. Makhe sihlolisise ekuqaleni.

Ngoko ke, yintoni na utshintsho? Ukususela igama Latin eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "ukuguqula". Reform - indlela utshintsho lwentlalo, nto leyo luyaqaliswa ngokucuthwa, ngenxa gqolo ukutshintsha izinto ngamnye. Eyona Uphawu kukuba akukho kungqubana eminye imithetho esisiseko. Uhlaziyo kunokuba phambili kuchaswa. Ngelishwa ke, qikelela ukuba kunzima kakhulu. Ngokucacileyo, uhlobo lokuqala utshintsho kuzisa inzuzo kawonke ngoku okanye kwixesha elizayo (umzekelo, le nguqulelo ezinkulu Alexander II), kwaye eyesibini - umonakalo (umzekelo, counter-utshintsho of Alexander III). Kuyaqondakala ukuba iinguqulelo ngcembe ukuvumela uluntu ukwenza linyathelo elibheka phambili kuphuhliso wayo, kwaye kuchaswa okanye mva ukubuya uluntu kwisigaba yangaphambili zophuhliso.

orientation njengenguqu

Kukho iindawo ezintathu ezingundoqo apho iinguqulelo ziyaqaliswa. Kakade ke, ukuba kuchongwa kakhulu ngakumbi, kodwa esisiseko - kuphela ezi zintathu: ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezentlalo. Eyokuqala ligxile kwezinye utshintshwano ebomini kwezopolitiko (ukutshintsha imithetho, ukuxhotyiswa, Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yonyulo, njalo njalo. D.). ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe ejoliswe inguqu kwinkalo yezoqoqosho, oko kukuthi, yonke into enxulumene nolawulo kuqoqosho (umthetho antitrust, ekhaya, amashishini abucala, njalo njalo. D.). iinguqu Social ezijoliswe eluntwini ngokwayo. Bangenza ukuphucula okanye ukwenza ubomi bube nzima kubantu (ukutshintsha umhlala-phantsi, ukhuseleko loluntu, ukubonelela ngemisebenzi njalo njalo. D.).

Uhlaziyo enokwenziwa kuzo zonke iinkalo zoluntu, ngokuba akukho nyaniso yokuba kuba esiguquguqukayo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba nempembelelo encinane, kwaye utsale kwi utshintsho kwinkqubo yasekuhlaleni okanye ukutshintsha kwamandla: Ushintsho uPetros mna, ukulungiswa-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane edluleyo, njalo-njalo ..

revolution

Multivariance uphuhliso lwentlalo - kodwa kuphela ningaguquki, kodwa revolution. Ukususela igama yesiLatini bubonakala "ubhedu." Sinokuthi ukuba revolution - oko inkqubo sakhangelana iinguqulelo. Uthi utshintsho qualitative kunye nobuninzi abaninzi okanye onke amacandelo oluntu, nto leyo ethi izuzwe amanyathelo angawo. Amaninzi oku babhukuqwa kunye imvukelo, ezi izifo ixesha elide. Revolution ungenza ixesha elide elifutshane-gama. Owayesakuba nobuhlala ixesha elide kakhulu: umzekelo, i-Neolithic Revolution. Yesibini ukuya kunyaka ophelileyo.

Ezintsha maxesha

Multivariance uphuhliso lwentlalo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ezintsha. Okwangoku, ingqiqo ezifana mbuso okanye guqula, ukuba ithathelwe ngelizwi "ezintsha". Yintoni na? Oku kuphuculwa ezincinane ezilahlwayo leyo ngcono into ukunciphisa iimeko lusekiwe. Kwakhona, ungenza rhoqo ukufumana into efana "maxesha". Izazi zihlobene imiba yophuhliso ngoluntu kunye gama, kuba uphawula utshintsho ukusuka into zemveli kuhlanganyela, ukuphuhlisa kunye igqibeleleyo. Kukho iingcamango ezimbini kolawulo ngokwala maxesha:

• Primary, olusekelwe kuhlobo Ukukhula kobungxowankulu Koloni.
• Secondary, nto leyo ithetha ukutshintshwa yesazisi kunye ezahlukileyo ukuqaliswa of Western-style. Ngamanye amaxesha le ngcamango obizwa imfundiso ukuboleka ngqo okanye Westernization.

zophuhliso lwentlalo Multivariance: typology ngoluntu

Amaninzi, imibutho zihlelwa ngokwemimiselo ezine ezisisiseko: ukubhalwa, inani amanqanaba zolawulo, inqanaba lophuhliso, iimpawu formational. Ngokutsho kwiimpawu yokuqala ukukhululwa olubhaliweyo kunye neendidi nemibutho preliterate. Ngosuku lwesibini (nenani lamanqanaba yolawulo, iyantlukwano yoluntu) - ezilula (apho akukho mahluko phakathi kwabantu abaqhelekileyo kunye norhulumente, phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu) kunye nezintsonkothileyo (inkqubo yolawulo multi-nqanaba, kukho ezithile ngokwezinga kuluntu) nemibutho. zingaphuhliswa inqanaba lophuhliso nawuphi na kubo, ukuphuhlisa okanye ngokwaneleyo. uluntu uphawu Formational ngokucalula nokwahlula ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• uluntu Linokubakho, equka uluntu abangekaphuhli kunye noluntu wamaKomanisi.
• umphakathi class, equka ikhoboka, feudal kunye ekugquba inkqubo yobungxowankulu.

Formation indlela Marx

ingaba yintoni na multi-lobeko lophuhliso loluntu? Yintoni na - sele asiyazi, kodwa ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni oko kungaba kungenzeka ngoncedo iindlela ezizodwa. Them kukho ezininzi, kodwa siqwalasela ezimbini - civilizational kunye formational. Le yokugqibela waphuhliswa Karlom Marksom kunye Fridrihom Engelsom.

Ingcamango ephambili kwindlela yabo - inkqubo yentlalo nezoqoqosho. Ngamafuphi, kuvela ukuba iyafana naleyo yoluntu - eluntwini, leyo kwi kwinqanaba elithile wophuhliso kwaye ke siya kubonwa kubo ubunye imveliso yawo kunye nemikhosi yezoqoqosho kufuneka ukuba umenzi wokongeza i-on ngayo. Kuyinto igcinwe okanye inkolelo inkqubo ezendeleyo lonke yoluntu, kwaye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni uluvo loluntu, kwaye zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo postulates kwezoqoqosho. Kufuneka kwakhona kunika isiseko olumele inkqubo ethile kwezoqoqosho, leyo elizimeleyo kwizifundo abangena neentlobano kwezoqoqosho.

Ithiyori Marx ngayo indawo ebalulekileyo ahlala yimikhosi nemveliso - abantu kunye neendlela zokuvelisa, leyo babe nalo ulwazi okanye izakhono. Le superstructure kukhethiwe kuxhomekeke uyintoni kukhethwe. Le yokugqibela ichaza sisiseko ukuyilwa, asombulule ingxaki zoluntu besekhaya uhlobo oluthile.

indlela civilizational

Yintoni multi-lobeko lophuhliso loluntu? Le nkcazo kwindlela civilizational lineqela umahluko ukusuka yokuqala yale ndlela:

• Injongo yokufunda - hayi uhlobo inkqubo yezoqoqosho, uluntu kunye nabantu, leyo phambili ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabo kunye nomdla.
• Indoda kubonwa kungekuphela nje resource elinemveliso, kodwa njengokuba umntu nemigaqo yokuziphatha, zokuziphatha wabo.
• amacandelo ohlukileyo oluntu bayalingana (kwezopolitiko, inkcubeko, umthetho, ezoqoqosho). Uphuhliso loqoqosho akuthethi ukudlala indima ephezulu.

zophuhliso lwentlalo Multivariance: Iintlobo ngoluntu

Kukho iindidi ezintathu ezisisiseko leenkampani:

1. Traditional, apho inkalo ephambili kwimveliso - mhlaba. Ngokwayo ejoliswe ukutya, kwaye wenziwa ngu umsebenzi wezandla bomntu. Ulimo kuluntu enjalo malunga ne-80%. Umntu wadla ubomi iminyaka 40-50. iimpawu uphawu: ivaliwe iinkqubo zentlalo, akukho ukudibana namanye amazwe, ephantsi bangazinzi kwindawo abakuzo.
2. Industrial, apho kweli shishini kwindawo yokuqala kunye nokwanda kwenkunzi. Society luthe ilawulwa, yaye kwasekwa ubudlelane kunye namanye amazwe, Yazisa ulawulo lomthetho.
3. Post-mveliso, banayo ixabiso ulwazi kunye neenkonzo. Kunyusa izinga esizisebenzelayo zabasebenzi, ekwandiseni ixesha lobomi (iminyaka engama-70). Inkampani ilawulwa, kukho ezininzi zezopolitiko, idemokrasi nokuphuhlisa.

Njengoko sibona, multi-lobeko indlela yophuhliso loluntu (iintlobo iinkampani esiye sakuphonononga ngasentla) iye umahluko ezininzi. Asingawo onke amazwe namhlanje baye bafudukela uhlobo post-mveliso. Yintoni na le karhulumente eseleyo eqongeni mveliso? Yenza icebo. uphuhliso loluntu Multivariance uya kuphatha uphuhliso eyimfuneko iqhinga kwiminyaka ezayo ukuze afudukele uhlobo postindustrial.