Yintoni isilawuli? iintlobo microprocessors

ubuchwepheshe bee-computer ivumela ukuba sisebenze kunye ngempumelelo enkulu. Kodwa ukusebenza bonke? Oku kunceda a uluhlu lwezixhobo neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ke kaloku omnye wabo a isilawuli. Yintoni na? Yintoni imisebenzi yayo? Ziintoni iimpawu kule fowuni? Yintoni ukwakhiwa isilawuli? Ziziphi parameters buxhomekeke kuyo?

Yintoni isilawuli?

Ngoko ke isixhobo, nelawulwa yi-software. umsebenzi walo - processing of ulwazi lwedijithali kunye nolawulo kwale nkqubo. ulawulo encinane kufuneka encinane, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ezisebenzayo. Kulo kuza inani iipropati, leyo ngoku iza kuchazwa. Ukusebenza kwi isilawuli (excess) of ezinkulu iziphaluka ezihlanganisiweyo ((C) BIS), esenokuba eliqela. ethile kubo:

1. iindleko ephantsi (kusebenza imveliso mass).
2. elula mveliso (iteknoloji enye);
3. Kuthatha indawo kancinane (a iisentimitha square ezimbalwa okanye ngemilimitha).
4. ukuthembeka High.
5. Enza bengenamandla.

isixhobo isilawuli ngokubonakalayo kuxhomekeke kulwakhiwo ngezakhiwo. Okulandelayo, iya kugcinwa kwaye phantsi Article iza kuphononongwa iintlobo ezintathu.

imisebenzi

Oku kungenxa yokuba into yenzela. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi isilawuli:

1. Funda ukususa imiyalelo abavela kwimemori engundoqo.
2. Ufumana neenkqubo izicelo ezivela zombini malunga wenkonzo izixhobo yangaphandle (amakhoboka).
3. Ukufunda data evela inkumbulo kunye neerejista TR.
4. Yenza Imiqondiso yolawulo ibaleke nge kwezinye iindawo kunye neebhloko ikhompyutha siqu.
5. Ukuprosesa i data kwaye wenze kokungena kwawo kwimemori omkhulu, kwakunye neerejista yezixhobo yangaphandle.

Iimpawu eziphambili zale isilawuli

Xa iyonke kukho ezine:

1. Bit.
2. Performance.
3. Le nkqubo umyalelo.
4. Umthamo memory iyaziseka.

iqela microprocessors

Bangabantu ezintathu:

1. CISC. Kukho isethi epheleleyo imiyalelo.
2. RISC. Kukho ukuncipha isethi imfundo.
3. Yenza uluhlu lweemboniselo. Kukho sethi isezantsi imiyalelo, kodwa ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu kule udidi lwezixhobo.

Microprocessors ezifana CISC

Basenokuba ukusebenza njengengxenye womnatha computer. Kwakhona kukho ithuba ukhuselo ezininzi kunye nememori. Le microprocessors yale hlobo unako ukusebenza ngeendlela ezimbini: yokwenene kwaye luza kukhuselwe. Eyokuqala kuvumela multi-tasking, kwaye ufikelelo ngqo kwimemori kwandiswa. Ukongeza, ukuba biyela zokungena engagunyaziswanga. Kwimo yokwenene yenza we AT ulinganiso lwe yavulel 8086 yaye kukho umsebenzi-inkqubo eyodwa.

Microprocessors RISC uhlobo

Bathi nje imiyalelo lusetyenziswa. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, enze into complex wavelisa "ibandla" ayimfuneko functionality. Xa umyalelo wachitha kumjikelo umatshini enye kuphela ngenxa kumgwebo parallel, kunye nokubekwa kwawo. Thelekisa kwi CISC kwi kwelona lincinci ukuya baninzi kangangesine.

Yintoni isilawuli?

Ichonge iinxalenye ezimbini:

1. Yokuyisebenzisa. Liquka iyunithi yolawulo, logic yokalo emileyo kunye isilawuli memory.
2. Aplikheyishini. Liquka iirejista idilesi, amazibuko kunye wesekethe ulawulo ibhasi, nemiyalelo block.

Kubalulekile ke sesakhiwo - umbutho ubhalo a isilawuli, nto leyo ebonisa iimpawu zayo, iimpawu kunye amathuba ukwakha inkqubo computing esekelwe kule fowuni. Kukho iindidi ezintathu eziphambili: CISC, RISC kunye Okungokunye (oku xa sithetha ngayo izixhobo jikelele). Ngoko ke, kufuneka amaqela eziliqela zeerejista ukuba zisebenze kunye namaqondo awohlukeneyo kwangaphambili. Oku kukuvumela ukuba enze imisebenzi ngokoqobo "yombhobho". Oku kunempembelelo entle ukusebenza ngempumelelo. isilawuli PC ngokuqhelekileyo ukhonza unit enye kuphela - umzekelo, omnye keyboard.

Architecture CISC

Complex Instruction Seta Computer - nemiyalelo epheleleyo computer. Iinkcukacha yavulel kunye zibukeke amiselwe:

1. Bathi inani elikhulu imiyalelo, leyo ahluka yi ukusebenza kwabo, ubude kunye format.
2. inkqubo ekhuluma Various.
3. Inkcaza complex amaqela iikhowudi.

Yintoni na le ngezakhiwo microprocessors? Ezi zizixhobo enzima, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ophezu functionality.

RISC bokwakha

Okwehlileyo Instrucktion Set Computer - imiyalelo efanayo computer. Iinkcukacha yavulel kunye zibukeke amiselwe:

1. Usebenzisa uhlobo lula imiyalelo nkqubo: bonke babe ifomati enye nge umlinganiswa elula. I data evela RAM ibe irejista yavulel kunye vice versa beqhutywa kulayishwa imiyalelo.
2. Nangona ngesantya esiphezulu microprocessors data unokuba izinga clock ephantsi kakhulu kwaye iqondo esezantsi ukudityaniswa kwisekethe VLSI.
3. Imiyalelo ukuvelisa uxinezeleko kangako RAM.
4. Kodwa iinkqubo umsebenzi debug kwi RISC nto inzima kakhulu kwi CISC.
5. Akukho lula ukusebenzisa inkqubo efanayo ukuya CISC.

Architecture Okungokunye

Imiyalelo nomgangatho woposo ye Seta Computer - imiyalelo nomgangatho woposo ye lokulawula ikhompyutha. Lilinge ukudibanisa iingenelo CISC kunye RISC. Apha, isiseko element ibandla ukusuka kwiindawo ngamnye (adla ezihlanganiswe izindlu omnye):

1. Ingxenye main. Ngokusekelwe sesakhiwo RISC.
2. Ingxenye andisiweyo. Kuyinto ulawulo ROM firmware enxibeleleneyo.

Le nkqubo izuza iimpawu CISC. Ngoko ke, lo imiyalelo esisiseko ziqhutywa ngenxa ezinikezelwa RISC. Ngelo xesha kukho ulwandiso, apho "kudala" firmware. Isiseko RISC owenza yonke imiyalelo kumjikelo enye. Kwaye ulwandiso usebenzisa iseti oluntsonkothileyo lwemiyalelo. Ngenxa yobukho ROM ishenxisa engxakini oomatshini RISC, xa ulwimi ekwinqanaba eliphezulu iqokelelwe kwikhowudi msebenzi, ukuba sele uguqulwa kwaye sivulelekile ukuba uhlelo. Yiloo nto microprocessors neempawu ezifana kufuneka babe ngokubhekiselele sesakhiwo ukwakhiwa kwayo.

isiphelo

Yintoni microprocessors nokuba amanga intliziyo yawo - esiye sakuphonononga. Kakade ke, ukuqonda zonke bokuqonda ezi zixhobo, kufuneka achithe ixesha elininzi kwaye uqhelene incwadi kunye nengqokelela lweentetho. Kodwa ezi zinto sele apho.