Yintoni ezibonakalayo? Izinto ezibonakalayo - ngubani na le nto?

Ngubani na izinto? Phambi kokuba ukuhlangabezana nale mbono, kufuneka ukuba bayiqonde le nkcazelo izinto eziphathekayo. Ngokuyintloko, le hlobo monism bulumko, ocacisa ukuba ubuncwane ezisisiseko lulwelo kwindalo, nokuba bonke (kubandakanywa sezingqondweni kwaye izangoma) sisiphumo leendibano emzimbeni. Ngokunjalo, izinto ezibonakalayo - lweli ingcamango eziphathekayo okanye ezihlangwini zayo.

Ubudlelwane kunye neminye sengqondo yentanda

Izinto eziphathekayo ngokusondeleyo edibene physicalism. Le ulwalathiso yentanda ichaza kwihlabathi apho bonke abantu nisekelwe physics kunye nemithetho yayo. physicalism yentanda kude wavela eziphathekayo kuba wemfundiso yaso ezinxulumene iziphumo ezibonakalayo.

Eziphathekayo kulinganiselwe iinzululwazi ngqo, xa udaba lwakhe kukho kuphela isithuba-ixesha, amandla emzimbeni, esimnyama, amandla kunye nezinye izinto ngokubanzi libhekisela kwinto esenokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, eyona njongo iyonke kwezi ntsingiselo, singatsho ukuba ziyafana, kodwa musa ukusebenzisa la magama efanayo.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili imisinga bulumko

Izinto ezibonakalayo - ungumlandeli ihlabathi bulumko, ukubayinxalenye udidi ontology monist, ogama imigaqo ziyaphikisana yimibono, iinkqubo ezimbini kunye nezigxina ezininzi. Sinokutsho ngokuchanileyo izinto eziphathekayo - yinto inversion ngokupheleleyo yimibono. Materialists bathi mbandela ngowona nokuphila kulandela. Kwaye zonke abanemibono bathi kanye okwahlukileyo.

Nangona inani elikhulu iingcamango kunye bokuqonda ezifihlakeleyo phakathi iindidi ezimbini eziphambili-bulumko ukuba kusekho izinto eziphathekayo kunye yimibono. Kula maqela zavela zonke ezinye zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni nabaluki ngeenxa zonke iingcinga eziphambili wemfundiso qela.

Kukwakho theory yentanda elizimeleyo - a ezimbini: umbono wokuba izinto kunye okuqonda xa ezimeleyo engumzekelo kwezinye iimeko ngamnye.

I zefilosofi izinto ezibonakalayo

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, uKarl Marx kunye Friedrich Engels sinyuse ingqiqo eziphathekayo, liphuhlise indlela omtsha bulumko "izinto eziphathekayo dialectical" (kunyaka 40). Noko ke, abazange zisebenza ezikhoyo kwikota nganye enjalo. Eli gama siqala iosif Ditsgen ngo-1887.

umongo emfutshane iimfundiso Marx kunye Engels kukuba kokusekwa kwehlabathi - lo nto, nokuphila - impahla yayo. Movement kunye nophuhliso yehlabathi, njengoko eziphathekayo dialectical, iziphumo ephikisanayo zokomoya. imithetho ekujoliswe "izinto eziphathekayo dialectical" (olufinyeziweyo) yi - ukuthembeka kunye longquzulwano izichasi, le sublimation of nelomyinge qualitative utshintsho, umthetho 'kuphika of kuphika. "

umthombo yeengcingane eziphathekayo dialectical kucingwa ukuba ngeliso lihlaziye ngengqiqo owayenomdla Hegel kunye nemfundiso zeentanda-ezibonakalayo Feuerbach.

materialists Famous Russian - is:

• Varfolomey Zaytsev (wahlala 1842-1878) - umhlalutyi zoncwadi ezaziwayo-kakuhle kunye 60s kwakungekho ngenkulungwane ye-19.
• UNikolai Kareev (wahlala 1850-1931) - ngezentlalo, sobulumko. waziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe: "Le intanda yembali yenkcubeko neyentlalo banamhlanje", "Endala kunye nezifundo ezintsha izinto ezibonakalayo nezoqoqosho".
• Matvey Troitsky (wahlala 1835-1899) - ummeli we-bulumko empirical eRashiya. Owasungula le yokuqala "Moscow Psychological Society." Lo msebenzi ephawulekayo, nto leyo echaza iziseko eziphathekayo - yi "ufundo lwezincoko ezikhona Professor Lotze."
• Dmitri Pisarev (wahlala 1840-1868) - i Revolutionary Democrat odumileyo, umbhali kunye mhlalutyi loncwadi. Enye abameli ubalaseleyo "gqira".
• UNikolay Dobrolyubov (wahlala 1836-1861) - ntliziyo kwezopolitiko zedemokhrasi, yimbongi kunye umbhali. A umlandeli eziphathekayo, empiricism kunye egoism enengqondo. Waqiqa ngelithi naliphi a priori igunya yintsomi, kwaye igunya yonke - nto.

Yintoni na le mali-izinto?

Ngaba wakha weva umsebenzi onjalo? Ngubani na lo? Le Ingcali eziMali kwinqanaba emfundo ephezulu ofisi accounting izinto kule nkampani. Le isakhelo inoxanduva kwabo iinkalo zomsebenzi accounting, kuba leyo olubotshelelwe kuyo, njengokuba umntu onoxanduva.

Igama lo msebenzi awunanto yakwenza bulumko kunye neendlela. "Ezibonakalayo eziMali" - oku nje igama jikelele abasebenzi ofisi ingxelo yayo imisebenzi ukuze ziquka amacandelo ahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke ububanzi bemisebenzi lweshishini.