Yegor Gaidar. Biography, umsebenzi. Family kwezepolitiki Russian

Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi namanwele ukukhumbula ukwaphulwa 90-s, xa izigidi zabantu kwanyanzeleka ukuba bonke ubunzima utshintsho ukusuka socialism ukuya ongxowankulu. Enye amanani ezingundoqo kwi imeko yezopolitiko ngelo xesha Yegor Gaidar. Nangona emva kokufa kuka-nkqubo kudlule iminyaka eli-5, kusekho ingxoxo langoku malunga lokulungisa umnotho kwenziwa iphuhlise isicwangciso sabo.

Yegor Gaidar: biography, ubuzwe lwabazali

Igama laloo nkqubo kwi-USSR wayesaziwa yonke yesikolo, njengoko izigidi zabantwana Soviet ababezalelwe umzekelo Amaqhawe iincwadi ezibhalwe utatomkhulu wakhe - Arkadiem Golikovym. Ngexesha leMfazwe Civil wayesilwa ezintlwini oluBomvu Army, yaye ngoxa e Khakassia ke igama elithi Gaidar. Kamva, umbhali wamthabatha ibe ifani, nto leyo ke edlula unyana wakhe umtshato wakhe wesibini kunye Liey Lazarevnoy Solomyanskoy - Timur, uze emva koko nomzukulwana wakhe. Ngoko ke, uyise Egora Gaydara i Russian kuphela uyise, kodwa iingcambu yamaYuda unina.

Timur Abramovich wazalwa ngo-1926 kwaye wanikela ubomi bakhe eSoviet Navy, unyuka usiya elikwinqanaba yangasemva Admiral. Okuhamba, wafumana isidanga sesibini kwi-Faculty of Journalism WPA kubo. Lenin, yaye emva kokugqiba umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni, wayesebenza othile wephephandaba "PRAVDA" kwamanye amazwe. Ngowe-1955 watshata intombi umbhali odumileyo Russian Bazhov - Ariadne Pavlovna, yaye ngowe-1956 saba nonyana - Yegor Gaidar, engobomi, ubuzwe kunye anemisebenzi kwi kwezopolitiko zichazwe ngezantsi.

ebuntwaneni

Egor Timurovich Gaydar (biography, ubuzwe ngabazali bakhe ukuba sele kwaziwa) Ndazalelwa eMoscow. Njengokuba kuthiwe, nguye umzukulwana ababhali ezimbini ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Ngokubhekiselele-nkqubo kazwelonke, wazigqala Russian.

Esemncinane Yegor waba eCuba, apho othile wephephandaba "PRAVDA", wathunyelwa nguyise. Apho wadibana ne-Fidel Castro kunye Che Guevara, abo batyelela indlu apho wawuhlala Egora Gaydara.

Ngowe-1966, le nkwenkwe wasiwa yiYugoslavia, apho leva khona uncwadi, nto leyo wavalwa eSoviet Union, kwakunye Usihlube oyinyaniso, ingqiqo undistorted zomsebenzi Marx kunye Engels yezoqoqosho.

Ngowe-1971 intsapho wabuyela komkhulu, waza Yegor Gaidar waqalisa ukuya inombolo yesikolo 152, nto leyo iminyaka emi-2 emva koko wathweswa isidanga imbasa yegolide. Sangena sokuzikhethela kwezoqoqosho Moscow State University, lo mfana waqalisa ukufunda imiba isicwangciso kushishino, yaye emva kokufumana idiploma ebomvu waqhubeka ukuphucula ulwazi lwabo iziqu.

imisebenzi Career kunye nophando kwithuba predperestroechny

Ngowe-1980, Gaydar egor Timurovich wayekhusela ithisisi yakhe PhD phezu ezisebenza self-mali, waba Communist Party, apho wahlala de Agasti lika 1991 ngonyaka kwaye wafumana ulwabiwo kwi Scientific Research Institute for System Studies.

Apho waqalisa ukusebenza neqela zezazinzulu abaselula, ekhokelwa ezaziwayo-kakuhle yezoqoqosho eSoviet eliyi Shatalin. Kungekudala Gaidar kunye noogxa bakhe wenza uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa kutshintsho loqoqosho amazwe kweminquba yali, kwasekwa inkolelo siqinile imfuneko iinguqu ezimandla USSR.

Kwangaxesha nye, ISAZINZULU wadibana Anatoliem Chubaysom, kwaye ezibangqongileyo zenza isangqa ka-nye nonke, simanyene umnqweno inguqu kwinkalo yezoqoqosho.

Ngowe-1986, Yegor Gaidar kwi qela phantsi kobunkokheli Shatalina yadluliselwa Institute of Economics of the Academy of Sciences waseUSSR nasekuhlaleni lwezenzululwazi ngenxa nkqubo glasnost, Gorbachev wathi, kwaba kuyenzeka ukuba baxoxe ngemiba enxulumene kumalungiselelo uqeqeshelwa ukuba neentlobano emarikeni.

umsebenzi ubuntatheli

Gaidar Lokuyekelela nezimvo kuqoqosho kuhlala kakuhle ayaziwa kuluntu jikelele, ukuba sisazinzulu khange ndivume kuba isekela umhleli lowu "wamaKomanisi", yaye kamva - intloko yesebe lezoqoqosho iphephandaba "PRAVDA". Kweli xesha umsebenzi wakhe, yena ngenkuthalo ikhuthaza uluvo yokunciphisa inkcitho mali kwi nqanaba, musa kuzisa iingenelo eziphathekayo. Kulo mzekelo, kwi lokuqala umsebenzi wayo njengoko intatheli Gaidar wayengumxhasi utshintsho ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba bekuya kuba kungenzeka ukuba afeze ngaphakathi kwinkqubo ekhoyo eSoviet.

umsebenzi yakhe njengosihlalo yoRhulumente RSFSR AI

Yayingeyiyo Agasti ebusuku 1991 egor Gaydar inxaxheba ukuziphendulela White House. Apho wadibana ne kuNobhala State of the RSFSR G. Burbulis. Last bacenga Yeltsin ukuba owonithemba kuphuhliso lwenkqubo lwe lokulungisa umnotho iqela Gaidar. Ngo-Oktobha 1991, oko thaca kwi-5 Congress of yamaSekela Abantu, yaye yavunywa yi ndwendwe. kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, Gaydar egor Timurovich wamiselwa usekela-sihlalo urhulumente RSFSR olawula imiba yezoqoqosho, kunye Juni 15, 1992 waba obambeleyo Prime Minister. Kule sikhundla wahlala de ngoDisemba 15, 1992 kwaye wadlala indima ephambili ekudaleni ezininzi amaziko karhulumente we-Russian Federation, ezifana inkqubo yerhafu kunye neebhanki, amasiko, iimarike zemali kunye nabanye. Ngelo xesha linye namhlanje, i nabagxeki Gaidar kubhaliwe uxanduva ukuba iziphumo ezibi kwezi nguqulelo: ukwehla imali yabantu, emali, ukuhla kwemveliso, ukwehla okukhulu umgangatho avareji zokuphila, kwakunye nokukhula wokungalingani yengeniso.

ntlekele ezopolitiko kunye yepalamente 1993

Yegor Gaidar, ogama engobomi iqulethe iimbekiselo kuphela malunga abadala, kodwa amahlandinyuka, hayi uye wafumana inkxaso zamasekela we-7 Congress of yamaSekela Abantu ukubekwa njengoSihlalo kaRhulumente. Oku kwala lokuvuma le nkqubo ngenye kwizithuba ibalulekileyo kurhulumente, kunye nenani ezinye izizathu kwakhokelela ekubeni ekuqaleni crisis kwezopolitiko.

Ukususela ngoDisemba 1992 ukuya kuSeptemba 1993, Yegor Gaidar wayenza imisebenzi yesayensi. Ngaphezu koko, uye wacebisa ukuba uMongameli Russian Federation-nkqubo yezoqoqosho. Oziphethe lo ungumzekeliso ozise eziphambili ngexesha le ntlekele-siseko ka-1993, kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ngaphambi koko, wamiselwa usekela-sihlalo urhulumente Chernomyrdin. Yaba nguye lowo wabuza Muscovites kumabonakude, wabiza ukuqokelela kufuphi kulwakhiwo Moscow City Council. Ngenxa yoko, ngobusuku September 22, kwakukho nzima phezu Tverskaya, yaye kusasa kwabakho uqhwithela White House baphela uloyiso sabaxhasi Yeltsin.

Kungekudala kwathi Gaidar kunye Chernomyrdin babe ezahlukene kwimiba engundoqo yomgaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho yelizwe, ngoko Gaidar anikezelwe emsebenzini wakhe, emva ecacisa izizathu isenzo sakhe kwileta eya kamongameli.

imisebenzi olunye

Ukususela ngoDisemba 1993 ukuya ekupheleni kuka-1995, Gaidar ulibamba zikaRhulumente Duma. Okuhamba, koko wabubhekisa iqela "Democratic Choice of Russia". Ngexesha Chechen imfazwe wezopolitiko Yegor Gaidar wenza ukulwa utshaba wabiza Boris Yeltsin ukuba bayeke isiphakamiso sakhe zekota umongameli elandelayo. Noko ke, emva kokupapashwa kwesicwangciso ngenxa yesisombululo esinoxolo kwimpixano ekungxoleni Chechnya, iqela lakhe inkxaso intloko uqeshwe karhulumente.

block "Union of Ekunene Forces" wasekwa ngo-1999. Akubon 'ukuba ungena iqela Gaidar. In yolonyulo ngoDisemba kulo nyaka, yena wonyulwa usekela likaRhulumente Duma lo intlanganiso yesithathu. Ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe emzimbeni liphezulu lowiso kweli lizwe Gaidar inxaxheba kuphuhliso neBhajethi kunye Tax Codes.

nkqubo ukufa

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubomi Yegor Gaidar wayeneengxaki ezithile zempilo. Ngokukodwa, ngowe-2006, wawa isiduli ngexesha ukubonakala esidlangalaleni e-Ireland, wasiwa kwicandelo labagula kakhulu esibhedlela sendawo waza wahlala khona apho iintsuku eziliqela. Ekubeni esi siganeko senzeke ngomhla emva zokupapashwa yityhefu kunye ಪೇನ್ ipheyini Alexander slavi, kwi marhe oonondaba nayo ixhoba zinzame lokubulawa Gaidar. Kwathiwa uphando, kodwa akufunyanwanga ubungqina ityhefu.

Egora Gaydara bafe ngoDisemba 16, 2009 ekhayeni lakhe, ibekwe kwilali ngombono. -Waziwa kakuhle kwezoqoqosho ngelo xesha kunyaka 53 kuphela. Abantwana Egora Gaydara, ingakumbi, intombi yakhe Maria, ingxelo ukuba uyise wabulawa yintliziyo. Ke ukuba oogqirha, ethiwa unobangela kwecala thrombus.

nkqubo Funeral ibanjelwe e Novodevichy Amangcwaba. umfazi Egora Gaydara kunye namanye amalungu entsapho yakhe akazange afune ukuba aveze umhla zabo, ngoko ke yokungcwaba kwenzeka ngaphandle phambi abangaphandle.

impilo Personal

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala egor Gaydar watshata ngasekhaya, eneminyaka engama-22. Ekhethiweyo ekudlalelwa-umfundi kwekhosi 5 kwifakhalthi kwezoqoqosho Moscow State University waba Irina Smirnova, awanyakazela ngayo wezopolitiko wadibana eneminyaka engama-10. Njengoko kamva wavuma egor Gaydar, umphefumlo wakhe kweli xesha uza kube ufunda kwisikolo isidanga kwaye kwiminyaka yokuqala Institute loPhando for System Studies wabakho ngendaleko. Ngoko ke, nangona into yokuba umtshato wokuqala waba nabantwana ababini, emva kokuzalwa intombi yakhe, waqala ukucinga ngokuqhawula umtshato.

Emva kwexesha elithile, Gaidar wenza umtshato wesibini kunye Maria Strugatsky. Ngaloo ndlela, imigaqo-nkqubo sendiselane kunye odumileyo Soviet umlobi yesayensi Arkadiem Strugatskim, owaba uyise womkakhe, kunye odumileyo Sinologist Iley Oshaninym abeza uyisemkhulu umfazi wakhe. Usapho yesibini Egora Gaydara waze kokufa kwakhe, yaye kule umtshato wazala unyana.

Abantwana Egora Gaydara

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ukusuka nkqubo umtshato wokuqala wayenabantwana ababini: unyana, nentombi. kubazali Xa umtshato, intombi bahlala nonina, ngoxa umzalwana wakhe - Peter - Irina Smirnova wavuma ukuba abazali lomyeni, ngubani na kuwo kukubakhanuka.

Ukongeza, umfazi wesibini Egora Gaydara, owaba unyana lulwalamano wangaphambili, wafumana umtshato wesibini enye inkwenkwe. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1990, yaye umntwana ogama uPawulos. Nguye umzukulwana Arkady Strugatsky nabakhulu-abazukulwana Arkadiya Gaydara kunye Paul Bazhov.

Ngoko ke, lo mgaqo-nkqubo kubo bonke abathathu abantwana bemvelo omnye umntwana amondlayo.

Maria Gaidar

Kubo bonke oonyana-nkqubo ngalo mzuzu umdla sikhulu ngokwayo othile intombi evela emtshatweni wakhe wokuqala - Maria Gaidar. Emva kokuba uqhawulo-mtshato lwabazali bakhe eneminyaka engama-3 ubudala baqhubeka ubomi kunye nomama wakhe, ngubani kungekudala watshata. Xa uMariya wafunda kwibanga lesithathu, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela eBolivia. Phambi uhambo, watshintsha igama wentombazana, waza waba Smirnova. Emva kweminyaka 5, Maria, kunye nomama wakhe kunye utata wabuyela eMoscow waza waqalisa ukuya sisikolo semfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kunye twist Spanish. Igama Gaidar likaThixo, uye waphinda kuphela xa eneminyaka engama-22, emva kokuba Academy of Economy National.

Emva kokufumana isidanga wakhe umthetho, waya ngenkqubo misebenzi ezimbalwa, ukuba usebenze utitshala, umphathi kunye nengcali kucwangciso; kwandule ke intombi ka Egora Gaydara wazama isandla sakhe ukuba umenzi ngcaciso-ntetho TV kwi O2TV, kwaye ukusukela ngo-2008 - kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo "Echo of eMoscow".

Okuhamba, Maria Egorovna othatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi kwezopolitiko kwaye ngo-2006 yaba lilungu le-Elawulayo Union of Right Forces. Uye minkarhi hinkwayo iimbono iphikisanayo, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo baba irallie iqela kunye imingcelele eziququzelelwa abachasi-mandla yangoku lizwe.

Matshi 26, 2009 intombi Egora Gaydara waba mncinane usekela-irhuluneli i-Russian Federation, kodwa ngo-2011 yena isaziso sokuba uyarhoxa ngokunxulumene nawo nomnqweno baqhubeke nemfundo yabo eUnited States, kwi-School of Public Administration kuyo. UYohane. F. Kennedy eHarvard.

Emva kokubuya eUnited States, Maria ndisebenze kancinane urhulumente eMoscow, wandula ke wayiphakamisa phambili zamasekela Moscow City Duma, kodwa izberkomom engqondweni zange abhaliswe ekufumanekeni kwephulwa emaphepheni. Esi sigqibo ubhenele enkundleni, kodwa yokugqibela ngumxhasi kuyo.

Ngehlobo lowe-2015 M. Gaidar wamiselwa usekela-sihlalo ulawulo Odessa yengingqi ngesindululo uMikhail Saakashvili, yaye kamva wala ngummi Russian.

Eyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo zesayensi

Yegor Gaidar, ogama engobomi ngoku makwazeke kuwe, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, wadlala indima kwimbali yakutshanje yelizwe lethu. uvavanyo waso kodwa ukunika inzala zethu, kodwa ayikwazi kunciphisa ukufaneleka yalo mgaqo-nkqubo zezenzululwazi, uninzi lweengcamango ezibe kuqinisekiswa emva kokufa kwakhe.

Phakathi imisebenzi kakhulu umdla yenzululwazi Egora Gaydara ukuze siphawule:

• ethi "State and Evolution", elingcwele, ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla kunye nempahla karhulumente Russian;
• ukusebenza "mgaqweni of noHlumo", eyayisingethe ngoonobangela ekuweni koqoqosho yali;
• inqaku "Ngenxa yotshintsho kwamaziko zehlabathi zemali" kunye nabanye.

Okwangoku, inzala oluthile umsebenzi 'Fall of the Empire ", ebhalwe ngo-2006. Kukho Gaidar kwangaphambili ukuba kwakuya kubakho ingxaki enokuthi ezinokuvela ngenxa nokungazinzi kwamaxabiso oyile.