Kumangcwaba German Old eMoscow

Yiloo ndlela ihlabathi, ubomi nokufa ziye Wayesoloko ekho yaye uya kuba n'wina. Yiyo loo nto kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo uluntu waqala ukudala amadlaka apho ongasekhoyo wafumana indawo yabo yokugqibela yokuphumla.

Ekubeni eMoscow uye waphila iminyaka engaphezu 860, ukuvela kunye shwaka amadlaka ezininzi kwingingqi ezikufutshane. Ngokukhula elikomkhulu kwabonakala amangcwaba amaninzi esixekweni, yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha kuba zembali. Phakathi kwazo kunye kumangcwaba German e Moscow, ngoku eyaziwa ngcono phantsi kwegama Vvedenskoe.

indaba

Vvedenskoe kumangcwaba German eMoscow yasekwa ngo-1771, ngexesha isibetho eyoyikekayo. Ekubeni ukufa bendawo imihla eziliqela amakhulu, angcwabe ukuba amangcwaba ezikhoyo abanakukwazi, abasemagunyeni kwafuneka ukuba amisele ngokungxamisekileyo umhlaba ukuze ube yindawo yokungcwabela. Omnye kubo kwisithili Lefortovo wafumana igama layo entabeni Vvedensky ibekwe phezu kodonga lasekhohlo Yauza. Ukongeza, ide ibizwe ngokuba German. Isibakala sokuba Vvedensky emangcwabeni ngokufuthi wangcwatywa Katolika amaLuthere. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 abantu abaqhelekileyo bonke bephela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaluphi na uhlanga, ekuthiwa yi-amaJamani, ngoko emangcwabeni omtsha wanamathela isiteketiso.

kumangcwaba German eMoscow: kuluhlu kwamangcwaba

Phakathi nosaziwayo abaye bafumana indawo zokugqibela yokuphumla emangcwabeni ka Vedeno, abameli emininzi imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi abantu abaziwayo, ogama amangcwaba kunokubonwa ukuba undwendwela emangcwabeni German e Moscow, akanako kubizwa ngokuba:

• bahlobo basenyongweni kunye nomhlobo uPetros Frantsa Leforta ;
• Admiral Jikelele Patrick Gordon;
• amagcisa Victor Vasnetsov and Apollinaris;
• Umqambi Alexander Gedike;
• Academician N. Koltsov;
• Metropolitan Trifona (turkestanishvili);
• Umbhali Valery Agranovsky;
• uHorace Arkady Arkanov;
• poetess Vera Inber;
• umlawuli film kaYuri Ozerov;
• Umbhali Michael Prishvina;
• yi Mihaila Kozakova;
• actress M. Zubarev;
• Senator B. nguHermes;
• imbongi-parodist Aleksandra ivanova;
• actress Tatyanu Pelttser;
• umhlaziyi kwezemidlalo UNikolai Ozerov;
• hlola Rudolf Abheli;
• Umbhali irakli Andronnikova;
• kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Legends

kumangcwaba German Old eMoscow (idilesi bona. ngezantsi), umdla kunye amavo yayo. Umzekelo, kukho ilitye Fedora Gaaza okanye, njengoko naye ngokuba "ugqirha engcwele". Ngokutsho legend, wakha phezu imali lamabanjwa kwiintolongo kwikomkhulu, njengoko oko kungqinwa kumakhamandela ukuba ayivathise lesikhumbuzo. Isibakala sokuba Haas waye ugqirha oyintloko Moscow kumaziko oluleko kwaye lukhulu ekunciphiseni ukubandezeleka amabanjwa. Ngokukodwa, nguye owenza ukutshintshwa ngamakhamandela enzima elula, igcinwe eyakhe entolongweni bakhe imali waza wavula isikolo oonyana amabanjwa. Enkosi amabanjwa ukuba basempilweni, ngoko weza ukuchitha Fedora Gaaza Uhambo lokugcina ngaphezu kwama-20 amawaka Muscovites, nto leyo kakhulu ngaphezu kwenani labantu abaye abake ngasemva ookumkani yomngcwabo le.

Nithi ukuba Vvedensky emangcwabeni kungcwatywa iresiphi of the Olivier isaladi. Yaye umbhali wayo, okanye mandithi engcwabeni lakhe, ubotshelelwe eli bali zokucupha. Kubonakala, kwindawo yokungcwaba kumpheki odumileyo Lyusena Olive yafunyanwa kuphela ngo-2008, nangona ilitye emi kumangcwaba ukususela 1883. Njani iminyaka emininzi kangaka ukuba uqaphele le lesikhumbuzo kunye negama odumileyo - akucacanga kakhulu, kodwa namhlanje kwakusekho imeko umdla ngakumbi: ikomkhulu zokutyela eyaziwa lwa ilungelo yokunyamekela engcwabeni lika-Oliver, njengoko oku isetyenziselwe iinjongo zentengiso.

Enye ilejendi umdla uthi umzimba Peter Jikelele Gordon, ngubani ebomini ebelinxila eyaziwa, ixesha elide ukuya emangcwabeni kumangcwaba de abathembekanga emhlabeni Vedeno. Emva kwexesha elithile, ingcwaba baphela emehlweni, yaye emangcwabeni yeencwadi ezilahlekileyo page ebonisa indawo yokungcwaba. Emva koko, lo ghost Jikelele yaqala ukubonakala phakathi emangcwabeni, makangankqonkqozi izithende amacwecwe zakhe jackboots kwaye ukoyikisa iindwendwe.

anika umdla

Asingabo bonke abantu abaziyo ukuba emangcwabeni German eMoscow waba yindawo yokungcwaba yamajoni French yomkhosi kunye nomoya kwicandelo uNapoleon ngayo Normandie-Niemen, nto leyo balwa amaNazi wayesebenzisana amabutho Soviet. Kule 50 kwamathambo ngenkulungwane yokugqibela abaqhubi zaye zathuthwa kwilizwe lawo, kodwa amangcwaba zombini. Kwaye ilizwe apho afumaneka khona, waqonda ummandla French Republic. Ukongeza, emangcwabeni Vvedensky unalo emangcwabeni wamajoni baseJamani abafa ekuthinjweni evela amanxeba ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

railwaymen Monument emangcwabeni German eMoscow

Kwelinye iindawo uyakwazi ukubona lesikhumbuzo, nto leyo ibhanile lenyengane enkulu. Kulo umbhalo: "Ngamandla eSoviet - 1905-1917". Kubonakala ukuba le lesikhumbuzo elimiswe kwindawo yokungcwaba railwaymen Solodukhina V., Lebedeva, E. and S. Kuhmistrova Terekhova kwaye anikezelwe bonke abalweli abafa ukususela 1905 ukuya 1917.

Iicawa enzelwe

Namhlanje emangcwabeni ungabona izakhiwo ezininzi zonqulo. Ngokomzekelo, kutshanje kokuba iqalile ukusebenza indlu yomthandazo kwakhona yamaLuthere, leyo wasiwa phantsi ibandla, eyakhiwa ngo-1911. Kwakhona, amangcwaba i indlwana Orthodox ngendlela Gothic kunye izinto zale mihla. Kuye kwakhiwa kwi uyilo V. Rudanovskogo.

Edume kakhulu phakathi izakhiwo zonqulo Vvedensky amangcwaba ecaweni Erlanger, yakhiwa ngo-1911-1914, ngokulandelelana. Uyilelwe yi womzobi odumileyo F. Shekhtel, ngubani ukwazile ukwakha wobugcisa lokwenyaniso. Esi sakhiwo luthatyathwa into ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko nezembali isikali kazwelonke usoloko itsala abatyeleli ze yamangcwaba. Chapel Erlanger nguye ecaweni kuphela Orthodox esebenzayo emangcwabeni ka Vedeno. Iminyaka emininzi ukuba ludilikile waza waqalisa ukuba maxongo. Emva koko, ngokuba lo mbandela wasiwa Tamara Kronkoyan ukuba, inkedama, uchithe phantse ubomi bakhe kweli emangcwabeni, ekhangela emva ngamangcwaba. Yena eziqokelelwe iminikelo waza waqalisa ukucoca rhoqo ecaweni. Ngenxa yemigudu yakhe kwigumbi wabuyiselwa. main yomhombiso kwaye amanqugwala ndawo yolawulo kaMoses ebonisa uKristu umhlwayeli owadalwa K. Petrov-Vodkin kwi wegcisa umzobo.

Ngendlela, namhlanje, akukho mntu ayaziwa apho siko eliza ukubhala ezindongeni Vvedensky Izindlwana iminqweno yabo, kodwa yonke imihla zivela izibongozo nxi entsha. Ngaphezu koko, akukho kunokubonwa izicelo impilo esibathandayo okanye ngokuzalwa elide lilindelwe umntwana, yaye kokugqitywa ngempumelelo yoviwo. Kwaye kutsha nje, kukho umntu wathi, "Ndifuna bonke best!"

idilesi

Fumana kakhulu nje emangcwabeni waseJamani eMoscow. Ngapha koko, ukuba libekwe ku ul. Cash, 1, kwi-South-Eastern kwisiThili soLawulo ikomkhulu kwi Lefortovo. Kukho ungeno izithuthi kakhulu, ngoko emangcwabeni linokufikeleleka nge iindlela eziliqela. Ngokomzekelo, phambi kokuba afikelele "Aviamotornaja" isikhululo phantsi komhlaba, sebenzisa esiporweni 46, 43, 32 uze off movie "Satellite" (3 zokumisa). Emva koko jika ngasekunene uhambe esangweni kwi isimbo Gothic, apho kukho uphawu kunye nombhalo efanelekileyo.

Iintlobo yamangcwaba kunye nokusebenza

kumangcwaba German Old eMoscow (Vvedenskoe) okwangoku gqolo ukuba sisebenza. Kukho ziveliswa nomini kunye nosapho (clan) of yokungcwaba kunye nokungcwatywa amakhulu kwi columbarium nangaphandle emhlabeni.

Ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuSeptemba, amangcwaba ivulelekile kuluntu ukususela ngo-9 kusasa ukuya 19 pm yaye ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya Epreli - iiyure-9 ukuya ku-17. Njengoko kuba amangcwaba kwi columbarium ezakhiwe imihla ukususela kwiiyure ezili-10 ukuya ku-17.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba emangcwabeni odumileyo German e Moscow (indlela apho, 'yabona. Ngasentla), yaye ngubani na wangcwatyelwa khona.