Womzobo "Madonna" yi Munch. incazelo

credo kwakhe Edvard Munch (1863-1944) baqulunqe umnqweno ukubhala abaphilayo, ukuphefumla, ukubandezeleka, bothando - ". abantu ukuthatha umnqwazi wam angabikho phambi kwebandla" Ngokwemiqathango iimvakalelo zabantu strong waba iindlela elingonelanga ngokoqobo yamandulo, wavula iindlela ezintsha zobugcisa, ngeendlela ezininzi ngaphambi kwexesha layo. Yena ufuna losasazo elitsha ubuciko yokudweba, yena ngoguqulelo olutsha imixholo Classic. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi le sesho womzobo "Madonna". Munch waphefumlelwa umxholo, owazalwa kwiminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo, kodwa isiphumo yaba imveliso ezifanele naliphi na ixesha.

ungumhambeli phambili expressionism

Ekukhuleni kwakhe njenge opeyintayo Munch kudlule amaxesha zokuzonwabisa ezahlukeneyo ku vangama ka zehlabathi ezingqongileyo. Uye wadala ngendlela zakudala, sengqiqweni. Yena zipeyintwe landscapes kwi isimbo impressionist, waba nempembelelo enamandla isiFrentshi Symbolists. Ngenxa yoko, inkosi indlela yakhe yokudala iye yasekwa, akukho sezandleni ukuba nomsinga ethile. Kufutshane umsebenzi omkhulu Norwegian luthathwa Gauguin ukupeyinta, kunye, ngakumbi, Van goga. Kodwa ngokwenene abafana ngazo kuphela amandla amandla yemisebe ngemisebenzi yabo - ukupeyinta style nentsusa kwento kunye features uhlalutyo bezobugcisa hlabathi ezicacileyo kakhulu.

Ngale ndlela, ekupeyinteni "Madonna" yi Munch iqulethe zonke iimpawu yokukhetheka yokudweba yakhe. Ezi ziquka bayo nanto utoliko engalindelekanga kwesakhiwo zakudala, leyo kuthiwa ihlazo, ukwakhiwa laconic kunye ufaniso indlela ekhethekileyo. imvelaphi ipateni Smooth, oluthambileyo kunye umgca ductile, apho efihlakeleyo non-kubalulekile ukuze ekufezekisweni iinkcukacha yoyilo efanayo - kule ndlela zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo inkosi, nto leyo yamkelwe ukubona imiqondiso buciko entsha kwinkulungwane XX.

Lo Madonna?

Imbambano malunga nokuba okanye hayi ukupeyinta "Madonna" yi Munch - lo mfanekiso wethu Lady, iNtombi Mary, waqhekeza ngokukhawuleza emva kokubhala inguqulelo yokuqala web ngo-1893. Ekuphela ebonisa imvelaphi nguThixo umfanekiso womfazi - umqhele phezu kwentloko yakhe, yaye engaqhelekanga - red - umbala. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umfanekiso lokuqala uye ngokuthi artist Kvinne som elsker - ngokoqobo - umfazi ukwenza uthando. Emva koko wabonakala igama, ibhekisela indalo odidi, ezaziwa ukususela kumaXesha Aphakathi kusasa, imisebenzi emikhulu yeenkosi Renaissance, wongezelela ubunzulu omtsha kwisicwangciso sokuqala.

Esinye sezizathu ukukhetha inkosi iyelenqe kunye nendlela womzobo "Madonna" yi Munch idibana iinkolelo zonqulo wegcisa, umsebenzi wakhe, abaphandi uchaze iziganeko ezibuhlungu yobutsha bayo. Wazalelwa kwintsapho apho uyise - ugqirha yasemkhosini Kristian Munk - ezahlukeneyo yenkolo ukutyhwatyhwa, Edward uyabubona kuqala nzulu yemfundiso zamaKristu. Kodwa emva kokufa intanda umdala udade wayo - Sophia, emva kokuba wabona umthandazo isimema uyise, ongakwaziyo ukunceda uyafa, ekugqibeleni wanikela up on inkolo yakwaNtu. Kwaye Madonna kumfanekiso wakhe waba isimboli kwisifundo lwemizobo baba ubomi kunye nothando - inkunzi nemazi.

"OwawukuDonga of Life"

Ngowe-1903, enye yezo holo ye-Berlin kusungulwe - eyokubonisa amagcisa bagatya ubugcisa yemveli, ezemfundo - Munch kuqala umboniso imisebenzi lokuqala imingcelele imizobo, leyo, ecinga, ukuba agubungele amanqanaba ibalulekileyo ebomini, iinkalo eziphambili mntu. Wayibiza ngokuba "omenyezelayo Ubomi" kwaye waqhubeka ukusebenza kuyo phantse ubomi bakhe bonke.

Kuba umzobi waba inkqubo ebalulekileyo ukuze bafakwe mizobo ukuba lokusila ngokulandelelanayo amacandelo eziliqela. "Madonna" - umfanekiso Munch - ndanxulumana nabo ngenxa "Rhwaqela 'yaye libhekisela" ukuzalwa yothando. " Ukongezelela, kwakukho nezinye "Sukuma Nqaba Wothando", "ukoyika ubomi" (equka odumileyo "Scream" (1893)) - "Ukufa".

Ukubunjwa ngqo macandelo khange liyalondolozwa nokuba wambuyisela ngokungqinelana memoirs ababephila, kodwa into yokuba umxholo lobudlelane phakathi kwendoda nomfazi wayengomnye iinkalo eziphambili i "Rhwaqela", nazi, mongameli izicatshulwa.

mzuzu uthando

Kukho iinguqulelo ezintlanu womzobo zidalwe - iselangeni kubulawa kunye ipeyinti ioli. ukuphindaphindwa nje eyimfama, kodwa uphuhliso chu umxholo, kongezwe iinkcukacha ezintsha uyilo kunye bokuqonda - ngamnye kubo. Komnye ngumfuziselo umfanekiso artist graphic luthungela umfanekiso yokomfuziselo obadlisa ubomi ulwelo, ubeka isiphelo umbungu encinane yabantu. Isibakala sokuba "Madonna" - ukupeyinta Munch kaThixo obonisa umfazi ngexesha uthando, kuba kucacile zicaca.

Kodwa ubunzulu kunye nomthamo Imizobo ezinkulu ngokwenene, akavumeli ukutolika elula kakhulu. Wobugcisa, ebhekisela kwelona nqanaba liphezulu kakhulu - "Madonna" ukupeyinta yi Munch. Kuboniswa Mfazi yakhe - umhlaba baphile - neminxeba etsalwayo kuxelwe ngoko ajikelezayo yaye kuboniswe umzimba wakhe, ngoko ngokucacileyo nkanuko emehlweni kunye umphandle ubuso bakhe, ukuba pose kubonakala zendalo, ukuba sicingela ukuba phambi kwethu - elele kunokuba bemi model. Kutheni lo mfanekiso imitha lukhulu kangaka, kutheni intsholongwane leziqhamo elizayo uthando ikhangeleka ngathi umntu ofileyo? Cacisa le sithembiso ongemhle ngokubanzi ukuba iphuma umsebenzi womzobi, unezixhobo psyche ezaphukileyo, olova kakhulu - esandleni amandla aphezulu amakhulu master drive.

Sazi nomprofeti

Xa imisebenzi yakhe ngoku ndibona imihlola lombhodamo yehlabathi ngenkulungwane XX-th jikelele. Kumashumi eminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe asaziyo impumelelo kunye nokuqondwa, wafa ngowe-1944 in eNorway wakhe, ilizwe awayephantsi kwamaNazi - nezinye iingcali zobugcisa - ngumshumayeli iinyaniso olucacileyo nolulula ngolwimi zifikeleleke kwiseli enye.

Imizobo yakhe amaxabiso irekhodi kwi kwifandesi, uze nabo ibali emangalisayo: "Madonna" - umfanekiso Edvard Munch, ngowe-2004, sibiwe ukusuka yimyuziyam zizikrelemnqa amabini axhobileyo e Oslo, kukho amalungiselelo okukhetha ukuba omnye isemagqabini inkosi - "Memezani". wonke Unyaka wayengaziwa ukuba baphi na abo, nangona amasela afunyanwa kwaye zigwetywa. Wabonakala ulwazi malunga ngokulahlekelwa zabo ekugqibeleni. Kodwa ke mizobo babuyela myuziyam, nangona noko ezonakeleyo.

Eyona ithuba imisebenzi efana "Madonna" - yokuba zinika ithuba ukufumana iimpendulo zabo kule mibuzo ibalulekileyo ebomini, kodwa kuphela kwabo Balwakha imibuzo enjalo, yaye nabani na ufuna iimpendulo ezinjalo.