Wild apile emthini: inkcazo umthi kunye neziqhamo. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba unokubenza apile zasendle

Phezu imimandla oluninzi Russia kunye Ukraine wildings zingabonakala yonke indawo, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi zifumaneka emahlathini phakathi iintshinyela kufuphi nomlambo, ngomhla ntsi kwamaxandeka nemiwonyo. apple Wild uncamela ukhule ityholwana okanye umthi omncinane. Mhlawumbi, umntu ngamnye lihlala kwimemori lobuntwana bakhe, nini, bebaleka kubazali babo unandiphe iziqhamo encinane ebuhlungu.

Iindawo apple zasendle ezikhulayo

Esi sityalo yenye yezo flora unethamsanqa ezimbalwa apho umntu uphethulele ingqalelo yakhe. komapile Wild zingaqondwa zifumaneka ezivuthulukayo yethu, ugalelwe kunye namahlathi coniferous. Ngakumbi kakuhle eliphila kwimimandla esemantla. wildings apile Top iphuhlise kwaye sinika isivuno intabalala, endibakhuphileyo kwimimandla lighted. "Elihlala" zezityalo ubukhulu becala zibangele entsimini okanye ecaleni kwendlela, maxa wambi ngokwamaqela amancinane enyeleni ehlathini.

Ehlathini, phantsi nesigqubuthelo eminye imithi, apho umthi umthunzi eziqinileyo ezilumezayo, nto leyo echaphazela ukukhula kunye nesivuno. apple Wild isetyenziswa lokutyala kwi hedgerows, kwi uhlaza limi zokuhlala njengokhuselo live nxamnye "ezithandwa 'eziyingozi lweendlela. Izakufunyanwa emiyezweni nursery.

wildings Egqugqisileyo iqatshelwe inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya, eUkraine kunye Belarus. Kwiindawo zokuhlala ezisezidolophini kunye kufutshane nezindlu ngamnye ke utyelwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kuba izahlulo mincinane, abe umninizo enempumelelo zibe akukho ziyakhawuleza ukuba bachithe isithuba esinexabiso emthini.

apple Wild: Inkcazo

Apple umthi nangwevu zasendle, wildings, iinkuni apile umthi - umthi okuphakama ukusuka eziimitha ezintathu ukuya ezintlanu, ngamanye amaxesha phezulu i-10 leemitha, ubukhulu - 40 cm. Crone zamahlathi, ubukhulu becala ajikelezayo, amaxolo omdaka umbala, phezu kweenkuni omdala nombala, kunye iintanda. amahlumelo Abaselula ingca, ezimnyama - omdaka, abanye baye wameva. amagqabi omthi apile zasendle wayifulela lunwele okweqanda kancinane, ngamanye amaxesha kunye amazinyo ahanjiswa emancamini. Le fom aqolileyo ukuba eluhlaza, phezulu eluhlaza maxa wambi eziqaqambileyo ezantsi frosted.

Esezansi ekupheleni kuka-Epreli - ekuqaleni May. Imbonakalo apile ngeli xesha akhe! Umthi igutyungelwe ngeentyatyambo ezimhlophe okanye pink enkulu kangangoko, apho kuqokelelwa lamaqhosha embalwa inflorescences - namakhaka. Kunye ne tathu imithi apile kuqala intyatyambo amagqabi wildings. Uvuvuzelo cross.

Iziqhamo Malus sylvestris

Iziqhamo umthi iqala xa eneminyaka elishumi. Izivuno wildings Undimangalisile, kodwa ingxaki kukuba iziqhamo yehlathi apile ekrakra, imuncu kunye yokutheza okukhulu. Ngendlela entsha, ukuba ubulungeleyo ukutyiwa ngabantu kuphela emva kwenyanga emva kokuvuna. Le mbewu ibe into enetyhefu kakubi - amygdalin.

Iziqhamo mancinane, iimilo ezahlukeneyo. umbala wabo ikakhulu eluhlaza tyheli, bomvu, ezimhlophe-yellow kunye bahlazeke epinki. Lahamba kufunyaniswe ukuba ezi apile bancinane kunabanye kwezinye imihlanganisela lweepropati zabo yingenelo. Isizathu soku ke izondlo eziqulathwe ngazo:

• Organic acid (1.9%) malic, tartaric, citric, kunye nabanye.
• Malunga ne-30 iintlobo yezimbiwa, kuquka isinyithi, calcium, potassium zinc.
• carotene novithamini "B", "C", "PP".
• Ukuya kwi-16% yeendidi ezahlukeneyo iswekile (glucose, sucrose kunye fructose).
• ioli eguqukayo kwaye kubalulekile.

Kwezi zalathisi iphembelela ubudala kunye neentlobo zemithi. Khemikhali Ukubunjwa iziqhamo ixhomekeke indawo kunye neemeko zemozulu, njengokuntshula apile zasendle, kwakunye ubukhulu olungekazalwa. Yintoni apile ngaphantsi, kokukhona kuya kuba ivithamin "C". Amagqabi emithi apile aligcine kakhulu ngakumbi. Le Amakhasi kwisiqhamo iqulethe flavonoids.

Ukuqokelelwa kunye nokugcinwa neziqhamo

Imigaqo lokuqokelela apile ukuphuma amathupha zixhomekeke nexesha uyaqhubeka ukususela ekupheleni kwehlobo ukuya kokwindla. Qokelela iziqhamo kufuneka wenziwe, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke iinkalo esemgangathweni. Apples kufuneka aqolileyo ngokupheleleyo, kuphela xa zizityebi izondlo incasa eziqhelekileyo, kwakunye umthamo omkhulu iivithamini.

Ukuze kufikelelwe ngempumelelo phezulu ngexesha lokuvuna, kufuna mbutho kunye nokuphunyezwa kwale izinto zokusebenza. Ekubeni Apile ngoko lokusetyenziswa kuqhubekeko zobugcisa ukuqokelelwa kusetyenziswa indlela elula - wildings iziqhamo-obuvelisa apile obungenakuzanyazanyiswa nje, kwaye thelo emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela kwaphawula ilahleko enkulu kunye apile umonakalo ifunyenwe.

Uya kuphawula impumelelo enkulu kuphela xa wabeka phantsi komthi nangengalo ngelaphu. Ukuwa phezu kwakhe, isithelo ngaphantsi yonakele, hayi kangako yegazi, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, musa ukuba sichithe ixesha elininzi zokusetsha kunye nokukhethwa iziqhamo uwe. Ukuba ama-apile zilungiselelwe ukutyiwa entsha, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba zirhwiqilize ngesandla.

Qokelela ama-apile zasendle kufuneka kwisingxobo nzima, oko kukuthi kwiibhokisi. In kubo abo ke baya kuhlala kumagumbi ezizodwa de ukuthunyelwa kuyo. Waqokelela izinto zasendle kufuneka zikhethwe umgangatho kunye nobukhulu, ukuba angabi izinto kwamanye amazwe kunye neziqhamo yonakele.

Ukuze kulondolozwe iziqhamo apple amaplanga ixesha elide kufuneka ibekwe igumbi lobushushu 0 degrees okanye agcine ehlathini phantsi ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze amagqabi. I kamva iziqhamo evuthiweyo, liba lide ithuba lokugcinwa, leyo isusela ukusuka iinyanga ezimbini ukuya ezintlanu.

Ukukhulisa imithi apile imbewu

Mhlawumbi, Umntu ngamnye kwaba Kwimeko enje ebomini bakhe, xa waphuma ukwazi bamngcwabela etyeni olingana apile kunye ithemba yokutyala umthi ngokwenene. Kodwa lo mnqweno ezizenzekelayo ayikwazanga kuphumelela. Ukuze ube nembono kakuhle apile kunye apile kwakumnandi, kufuneka wenze umsebenzi omninzi, kodwa banalo ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Imithi ikhule ukusuka imbewu apile zasendle, ukuba singapheli kakhulu, ukwazi ukumelana nkqu kuneqabaka degree-mane ngaxeshanye ukuze athwale isiqhamo minyaka yonke.

Ngaphambi ukulima ngendlela umthi apile, likhule izithole imbewu eziqhelekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, lo msebenzi wenziwa zokukhulisa, kodwa kunokwenzeka, usebenzisa iincam leengcali, ukufumana izithole iimbewu ngokwakho ekhaya. Okokuqala kufuneka zithathe imbewu esemgangathweni. Ngakumbi iziqhamo zavuthwa kwi isabelo isithsaba, abalamkelayo ukukhanya okwanele anikwe kakuhle kunye nezondlo, nto - nawasezincotsheni kakhulu apile. zintshule kakuhle kwenzeka xa imbewu eqokelelwe ngeziqhamo zavuthwa kokwindla ekuqaleni.

Ukulungiswa imbewu intshule

Imbewu bakwazi kunyuka entwasahlobo, oko kuyimfuneko ukuze ezithile ngokwezinga. Kodwa imbewu kuqala kulandwa ndakuhlambulula, ezomisiweyo, kwaye emva koko zifakwe emanzini ashushu, ukutshintsha yonke imihla. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezintle, yongeza ivuselela ukukhula.

Ngemva kudumba imbewu zifakwe kwisingxobo kunye nomxube esisesweni kunye moss manzi okanye isanti emanzi okanye kwimbuphu yesarha. Ukuthintela sikuyo, kungakuhle ukuba ukongeza carbon yasebenza. Isikhongozeli kuyimfuneko ngoko ukuthumela kwi efihlakeleyo, nokuba efrijini iinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.

Xa kungekho ndlela ukudala iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze ukulinywa iimbewu, zingakotshwa ityalwe ngqo emhlabeni. Kulo mzekelo, yonke imithetho ehostele kufuneka iqalwe. Kuba ubusika izithole batshintshelwa ekwindla kwisikhongozeli ezahlukeneyo ongcolileyo. Xa kuqala leentsuku yasentwasahlobo efudumeleyo le apile zasendle zincinane siyasuswa sibekwe kuwela esisigxina. Ukuze ithuba ukuntshula yaba eliphezulu, kucetyiswa ukuba uyawathena isihlalo iinkuni ezimbalwa iimbewu.

kwendiza ingxenye

Abanye ulwazi lukhule njani izityalo iimbewu, akwanelanga. Ukuba imithi (apile kulo mzekelo) iye yakwazi ukuphuhlisa kakuhle lixakathe iziqhamo, banelungelo lokwenza isigqibo xa ukhetha ibeyindawo lokulima. Mabaqwalasele ngakumbi kwizityalo iziqhamo.

Vula sezwe ayifanelekile imithi ukutyala apile. Kwakhona baphazanyiswa kwaye unike isivuno amahlwempu iziqhamo, otyalwe kufuphi ehlathini nasemazantsi kwamathambeka. Indawo engcono kucingwa ukuba ayakhuselwa imimoya isakhiwo sebali enelanga. Ukuba anikwe ingqwalaselo efanelekileyo kwaye anonophele olululo, Malus sylvestris likhule ayihlwayelayo indlela yembewu uya kuvelisa iziphumo ezihle. Indlela ofanele ukuba nkqubo yenza kube lula ukufumana izinto ngamandla yokumilisela ukuba zihlelwe.

Ugonyo apple zasendle

Isuke begadi ujamelene Kwimeko enjalo, xa uthenge nomthi osandul 'ukutyalwa kwimarike emva kweminyaka emihlanu elide ayiniki iziphumo kudala elindelwe. Thelo zohlobo eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha ufuna ukugcina esitiyeni uhlobo zakho ozithandayo, nditsho negama lakhe, esebenzisa wildings, kodwa umbuzo kukuba ingaba kunokwenzeka ukuba unokubenza apile zasendle. Ukusuka meko, kukho indlela enye phandle - ukufunda agonye indlela izandla zabo umhlanganisela ukuya nesiqu zasendle.

msebenzi imnandi kakhulu umdla. Boko mnye, ungenza ukwenza scions ezimbalwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo isebe ngalinye isiqhamo apile iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iziqhamo ezintle okumnandi. Mamela wayengumfuyi akwanelanga, kufuneka bafunde ubuchule imihlanganisela ugonyo kwi wildings isithombo akhule ngezandla zabo.

Ngexesha ugonyo lwezifo kwenziwe udluliselo inxalenye kwisityalo esithile ukuya kwesinye, kuba nokwanda ngakumbi. Inxalenye ukuba senzelwe yokumilisela, ebizwa nakumlibo, izityalo, apho ugonyo kwenziwe - nesiqu. Kukho iindlela ezahlukileyo zemithi yokumilisela. apple Wild umthi rhoqo iingala izithole. Entwasahlobo yale ndlela kukuba ukwenza ngcono ekuqaleni intshukumo yejusi, xa amagqabi uqala kuqala ukuvela kwi emthini.

nokulungiswa nanyana nanzalo

Nakumlibo ezi amahlumelo aselula kulo nyaka umiyo. Ekukhetheni kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo yokuba nomelele ngokwaneleyo aphuhliswe kakuhle. Evuna izithole ekwindla, emva kokuba iqabaka yokuqala, ukuvumela ukuba lukhuni. Amasebe zithathwa kwicala ngasezantsi mthi ze uyinqunqe ibe ziingceba ubude 20-30 cm.

Idiphozithi izithole kufuneka zifakwe efrijini okanye amagumbi okulala. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo ukugcina kubo emgodini kungena kwikhephu, kodwa kwamkelekile kuphela nobusika nekhephu. Le bagawula amahlamvu zibekwe engxoweni yeplastiki, nizibophe iziphelo musa, ngoko isongelwe ngephepha enzima umnatha metal ukugcina ibuzi. Xa agcinwe kwi izithole efrijini ukuba lisongelwe engutyeni emanzi indawo engxoweni yeplastiki.

Kuba zasehlotyeni ningazicenti akayicingi akukho mfuneko. Onke unako ukulungiselela le ndawo, kwaye ikhawuleze oku kwenziwe, okukhona ziya kuba lo msebenzi. Ukusika isebe ekhethiweyo yonyaka ubukho umgangatho izintso apile elifunekayo. Nayo kususwa onke amagqabi, ngoko yonke into yenziwe ngokungqinelana ubuchule akayicingi indlela ekhethiweyo.

Zonke izifo zonke iintlobo-apile ezimbi

Akukho nasinye begadi bayaba isibakala sokuba ezinye uhlobo engxakini enokwenzeka indawo yakhe. kakuhle akuyongqinisekiso ngokupheleleyo ukuba umyezo akukho yahlaselwa izinambuzane, uwele imithi sifo, baya ngokupheleleyo kutshatyalaliswa ukhula. Kakade ke, abanamava begadi, ukunyamekela kakuhle izityalo, sijamelene neengxaki ezinjalo, yaye kunqabile bazi ntoni, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukukhusela ngokukhawuleza imithi abazithandayo. Kubomi, azinazo naziphi na amava abantu, ukuba babe igadi, kuyimfuneko kumaxesha ngamaxesha ukujongana neengxaki ezininzi.

Sesivuno nemithi nokuhombisa liyehla ngenxa izifo. komapile Wild kuxhomekeke kwakhona kwizifo ezithile. Isityalo banazo eziphilayo ukuba idluliselwe ukusuka kwisityalo lokutyala ophilileyo. Kodwa kaninzi unobangela izifo iya kunyibilika obude. Kukho izifo amagqabi, iintyatyambo, Namagatya kunye neziqhamo, ezibangelwa kwiintsholongwane, apho kwilizwe lethu Akukho arhente imichiza ezinjalo ukuba ukusebenza ngendlela eyiyo.

Zifo zixhaphakileyo apple nangexoshomba, igqabi ndawo, namhlwa, nangokhwekhwe, nabanye. Ngenxa izifo ezifana imithi apile iphulukane namagqabi ayo ngaphambi kwexesha, oneengxaki. Kweentyatyambo iyayeka akunjalo kakhulu, nto leyo izivuno eziwayo. Isiqu, amasebe kunye neengcambu izityalo ubunzima ukusuka zifo zilandelayo: umhlaza black tsitosporovy necrosis, kubola ziingcambu kunye zemithi.

Khombo for imithi apile ezi kuneqabaka enzima, imbalela, umhlaba kakuhle kwi izondlo. Ezi zonke kuchaphazela ngokungalunganga ukusebenza kwalo matshini. Kulo mzekelo aqala buhlungu, kodwa ke ezi zifo azikho ezosulelayo.

zezinambuzane apple

Apple iphuhlisa iintlobo zezinambuzane eziyingozi kwama-200 afana iimpukane, kungonakalisi nundu, amabhungane, nezinambuzane phytophagous. Badla iindawo ezahlukeneyo emthini; nezintso, namaqhina, amagqabi, iziqhamo, yaye oko zingambi kakhulu, zemithi. Njengoko izinambuzane zidla ngokuvela izilwanyana ezincinane, ezo nematodes kunye ezinkulu - nomatse neentaka.

Izinambuzane bohlulwa babe ngamaqela zilandelayo: izinambuzane amagqabi-ukutya, owanyayo, inyongo, mgodini, okanye isiqu xylophagous izinambuzane kunye nezinambuzane iziqhamo. Izinambuzane iqhelekileyo apile isiqhamo amanundu apile kunye apile sawfly. Moth ngexesha ngalinye unika kwizizukulwana ezithathu. mzila Its banokubenzakalisa zonke iziqhamo imithi apile. Malus sylvestris yasebusika moth angazimelisa phantsi ixolo yayo.

Ukhuselo imithi apile kwizinambuzane

Ukukhusela imithi izinambuzane kufuneka ixesha, kwaye ukuba Igadi kwicandelo labucala, ukuba sizame ukusebenzisa zinambuzane kuphela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Against izinambuzane owanyayo inyathelo eziphumelelayo amalungiselelo esintu. Umzekelo, nxamnye iintwala basebenzisa decoctions amagqabi neentyantyambo of elderberry herbaceous okanye emnyama, camomile abaseAfrika, iziyobisi okanye lweDalmatia.

Enye zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze uphuhliso eqhelekileyo zesityalo inyuswe ukumelana neemeko ezibi zokusingqongileyo ezifana iimeko zemozulu kunye nezinambuzane. Ukuphumeza oku, kufuneka ixesha ukuze isichumiso, ukuba aqhube ukuthenwa ngonyaka, kutshabalalisa ukhula. Loo manyathelo ezintsonkothileyo technical ziya komeleza incindi ukusasazwa kwenkqubo Uhanjiso. Uya ukugcwalisa ngokupheleleyo ubangela izitshabalalisi buti ogangathiweyo. Kule meko, uya ukufa imibungu.

Ukuba une ukusingatha imithi ngamachiza, kubalulekile ukuba bazigcine zonke amanyathelo okhuseleko, landela nje imiyalelo ukusetyenziswa ityhefu. Qiniseka ukuba ukumelana amaxesha, emva koko iziqhamo nga niphetshethwe ukutya eziya kukunceda ugcine impilo yabantu. I unyango lokuqala igadi yezityalo kufuneka wenziwe phambi kokuqala lokuhamba incindi.

Ngelishwa, iityhefu ukutshiza bangabasindisi nokubasindisa umyezo kwizinambuzane. Ukulwa ukuba uqala ngexesha lokuthengwa izithole, kwaye kukho icandelo wokucoca abanobuchule ekupheleni ekwindla. Kufuneka uzame ukukhetha izinto kokutyala okunempilo ukuze singabi kumyezo wase izinambuzane nezifo wokuthintela ingxaki. Kodwa xa kubonakala ukuba wenza konke ngokukhawuleza. Kuphela ke umthi apile zasendle, etyalwe esitratweni okanye egadini, wenze isicoci kakhulu emoyeni kupholile. Nabantu abasondeleleneyo, uya kuvakalelwa kunempilo.