Vladimir Odoyevski: Imisebenzi ngohlobo, poetics zabo

iincwadi Russian kwenkulungwane lokugqibela ukuba ndinimisele amasalela amagama neembongi ezininzi abanetalente nababhali. Odoevskogo isebenza - omnye wabo - umdla ngoku. amabali akhe iintsomi, inoveli nephupha "4338 kulo nyaka: unobumba St. Petersburg," ukuqokelelwa "ebusuku Russian" iza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku.

periodization bobuchule

umsebenzi yombhali yahlulwe kwemiqathango izihlandlo ezithathu - kuxhomekeke indawo apho wadala Odoyevski isebenza. Eyokuqala "eMoscow" nqanaba kuphawulwa inxaxheba kwakhe kwisangqa "Lyubomudry" neesampula ebuhlanti. Kanye ngo-1826 Odoyevski wafudukela eSt Petersburg, waqala ixesha omtsha umsebenzi wakhe, echumayo kakhulu. Umbhali iye yapapashwa ingqokelela eziliqela zamaqhawe, ngubani na oya kuba kwakholeka ukufunda nangoku, emva phantse kwiminyaka engama-200. Okwesibini "eMoscow" isigaba kuphawulwa indalo Odoyevsky "ebusuku Russian" - imisebenzi yakhe emihle, kwaye isebenza umculo.

"Fairytales Nazi"

Odoyevski imisebenzi yabo badla zicwangcise ephambuka. Ngoko ke, ukudala i "Tales motley", umbhali wayesebenza ngokunxuseneyo yingqokelela "upheno", azinikele umxholo bubugeza ezikrelekrele. Kuxhaphake ukuba cyclization kungachazwa ezinye iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo iincwadi semvelo Russian baloo maxesha. Ngoko, kwi 30 ekuqaleni, ekukhanyeni waphuma "Belkin" yaye "ntambama kwi Ifama kufuphi Dikanka", olu sapho lwaluquka nto ngaphandle kokuba umjikelo. SoLwazi ngezoBomi kwi Pushkin ibangela kunye nenkqubo-mbaliso enzima "iintsomi motley." Odoevskogo Abstract kwimveliso (okanye intshayelelo) wazisa oyintsobi yalowo umbalisi - uIrenaeus Modestovich Gomozeyko. Ngokungafaniyo okubandakanya Ivan Petrovich Belkin, esi sisililo somntu "mabali motley" libizwa iimpawu ngokuphila kwakhe. Emva koko, uya kuzama indima yokuba "double zoncwadi", egameni lowo umbhali uza kuqhuba ingxoxo kunye iqela ekufumaneni - umfundi.

Riddle "idolophu in snuffbox"

Enyanisweni, umbhali waba nguvulindlela uhlobo boncwadi iintsomi, ekujongwe ukuba ifundwe kwindawo yokuqala umntwana. Ngowe-1834, kwakukho mhlawumbi umsebenzi Odoevskogo idumileyo - "ledolophu snuffbox". Ngesakhiwo ilula: Utata ibonisa inkwenkwe Misha ibhokisi umculo, a snuffbox. UNyana ufuna ukwazi ukuba isebenza njani, hit (yena, ngasendleleni, ukuba kunokwenzeka, xa umntu ukhanga inkwenkwe-ibhokisi umnwe). Michael wadibana abahlali dolophu - izando namankenteza - bamvusa ukuqonda siseko ukusebenza gizmos ezifunyenwe. Ngawo onke kokufaneleka kwayo ubugcisa njengoko kukulavuza indibaniselwano umdla ngempumelelo bokubanga emfundo nangeyonyani. Ingcamango iyintloko yomsebenzi - ukuqinisekisa umfundi ukuba umntwana kufuneka afunde ukucinga, ukuhlalutya, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufundisa umntwana yokunqwenela nolwazi.

"Ubusuku Russian"

Uhlobo yapapashwa ngowe-1844, "ebusuku Russian" zicwadi kunzima ukuchonga. Amaxesha amaninzi lo msebenzi Odoevskogo ichazwa ingqokelela amanqaku abathwele umlinganiswa bulumko. ukuba zabo.Bacinga ngokupheleleyo ingcamango wakhe kumila kumbi zehlabathi, indlela apho Russia ukuya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba upapasho "ebusuku Russian" kwakhokelwa nzulu Odoevskogo iimfihlelo zenzululwazi ngqo - imathematika, zomzimba psychology ngokunjalo bulumko.

Kwangaxeshanye, umbhali ihlala wabongamela lokwenyaniso zentetho. Kanye uVoltaire, ubeka iingcinga zibe imifanekiso eshwankathelwe philosophicity Uyayifihla sebali umdla. isakhiwo Ngoko Odoyevski kusebenza kuyo yonke indalo. Ngesakhiwo lijikeleza yingqokelela yabantu abaliqela abatsha Niza kuba umngane, ebizwa Faust. Apho baxoxe imbali, bezama ukuqonda imithetho kwimpilo, kwaye ukuba zingene iimfihlelo ihlabathi. Lo msebenzi zizakubalulwa intellectualism, ofikelela kuma kwi iinkcazelo zenkqubo yokuyila. Kulo mzekelo, yi Odoyevsky ukwenza umsebenzi a meta-language: ubugcisa ibali malunga vutshila. Ngoko ke, umbhali Russian kwesiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane lokugqibela kufutshane Akumangalisi ukuba amava kamva labalobi zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini (ithetha iinoveli ikakhulu yengqondo uThomas Mann).

Dialogism "ebusuku Russian" - yiloo nto wanamathela Odoyevski. Le misebenzi ibekwa yokuqokelelwa, ngokungathi ukoyika ukunika impendulo ecacile ithe i. Endaweni yoko, umfundi ilungele ukungena ngokufunisela, ukucacisa. Oku "ebusuku Russian" zikufutshane nemisebenzi abanye ababhali - Herzen kunye Belinsky - kakhulu kungalindelekanga, ndimele ndithi, banikwe umahluko abaphila kubuhle.

"4338 ngonyaka" njengoko inoveli nephupha

kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezadlulayo a Biely enomsila wenze okuninzi ingxolo. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba emva komzuzwana iya kujongana nkqu phezu komhlaba. Eminye imisebenzi Odoevskogo kubonakala le "isifundo ethile enomsila," phakathi kwabo - kwinoveli nephupha "4338 kulo nyaka: unobumba St. Petersburg," leyo, ngelishwa, washiywa phahla. Umbhali libonisa ihlabathi kwiminyaka 2500, xa uphuhliso loluntu ziya kwenza ukugcina umhlaba ezayo enomsila. Imveliso iqulethe iimpawu prognostic yintsomi inoveli nephupha; umbhali ukuqikelela imbonakalo elizayo lwezinto ezininzi, kuquka i-Internet. Noko ke, uluntu uchazwa hayi kwakunye kubonakala: lokutshangatshangisa ngonaphakade-ukwanda kolwazi engenalufefe koovimba ngobuchopho bomntu. Utopia iba ekuboneni, ukuze ukwazisa olu hlobo loncwadi kwimibhalo kamva (ingakumbi kwi "Isixeko ngaphandle igama").