Uxinzelelo olungaphezulu nangaphantsi: oko kuthetha ukuba umgangatho wobudala, ukuphambuka kwimimiselo

Esinye sezibonakaliso eziphambili zempilo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komzimba ngumxinzelelo wegazi. Amandla kunye nesantya apho igazi lihamba khona kwiinqanawa lichonga impilo yomntu kunye namandla okusebenza. Kucingelwa ukuba uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwama- 120 ukuya kuma-80. Kodwa ukuguqulwa kweenalathisi zalo ngoku kuhlanganiselwe rhoqo. Akunjalo nje kuphela asebekhulile, kodwa nabaselula bayazi ukuba uxinzelelo lwenziwa njani. Abaninzi bayaqonda ukuba ukuphambuka kwezibonakaliso eziqhelekileyo kubangelwa intloko, ubuthathaka kunye ne-malaise. Uxinzelelo ngoku ulinganiswe kwisixhobo esikhethekileyo - itoniyomitha. Kwabaninzi, nokuba kusekhaya. I tonometer inika izibonakaliso ezimbini: uxinzelelo oluphezulu nolusentla. Oko kuthetha ukuthini, kungekhona wonke umntu uyaqonda. Enyanisweni, kwiimeko ezininzi, imilinganiselo iyadingeka kuphela ekulawuleni, kwaye ugqirha kufuneka anqume ukuba uphathwe. Kodwa kunjalo, abo banezalathisi bavame ukuphakama okanye ukuwa, kufuneka ukwazi malunga nabo ngokubanzi.

Yintoni ixinzelelo lwegazi?

Le ngenye yezibonakaliso eziphambili zomsebenzi womntu obalulekileyo. Unika uxinzelelo kumsebenzi wentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi, ejikeleza igazi. Ubukhulu bayo buchaphazelekayo ngenani kunye nentliziyo. Zonke iintliziyo ziphosa inxalenye yegazi ngexabiso elithile. Kwaye oku kubeka ubungakanani beengcinezelo zayo kwiindonga zeempahla. Kuvela ukuba ixabiso lalo liphezulu ligcinwa kwiinqanawa eziseduze kulo, kwaye ngaphezulu, ngaphantsi.

Ukuqwalasela ukuba yiyiphi ingcinezelo ekufuneka ibe nayo, thabatha ixabiso eliqhelekileyo, elilinganiselwe kumzobo we-brachial. Le yinkqubo yokuxilongwa eyenziwa ngugqirha kuyo nayiphina isikhalazo malunga nokudakalisa kwezempilo. Cishe wonke umntu uyazi ukuba umlinganiselo unquma ukunyanzela okuphezulu nangaphantsi. Yiyiphi imiphumo yesilinganiselo kuthetha, ugqirha akayi kuchaza rhoqo. Akunabo bonke abantu abayaziyo neziqulatho eziqhelekileyo kubo. Kodwa wonke umntu owake wajamelana nokunyuka okanye ukuwa phantsi kwengcinezelo uyaqonda ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukuyilawula. Ukutshintsha kwindlela yokuphila, ukutya okunomsoco kunye nesimo esifanelekileyo somsebenzi uya kubangela ukuba intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi iphile.

Uxinzelelo olungaphezulu nangaphantsi

Kuthetha ukuthini le ncazelo ngongomawo wonke umntu. Ngokuyisiseko, abantu bayazi ukuba uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lufanele libe ngama-120 ukuya kuma-80. Uninzi lwale lwanele. Kwaye kuphela izigulane ezinexinzelelo lwengqondo okanye i-hypotension ziyaziwa ngolu hlobo lweengxube ze- systolic kunye ne-diastolic. Yintoni na?

1. I-Systolic, okanye uxinzelelo ophezulu uthetha amandla amakhulu apho igazi lihamba khona kwiinqanawa. Iyakunikwa ngexesha lokuphambana kwentliziyo.

2. Uxinzelelo oluncinci lwe-diastolic, lubonisa izinga lokuchasana, elidibana negazi, edlula kwiinqanawa. Kulo mzuzu uhamba ngokunyaniseka, ngoko ke izibonakaliso zakhe ziphantsi kuneyokuqala.

Uxinzelelo kwimilimitha ye-mercury lulinganiswa. Kwaye nangona ezinye izixhobo zokuxilonga zisetyenzisiweyo, eli gama liye lasinda. Iimpawu zengu-120 ukuya kwi-80 - oku nguxinzelelo oluphezulu nangaphantsi. Kuthetha ukuthini oku? I-120 yinycinezelo ephezulu okanye ye-systolic, kunye ne-80 yinto ephantsi. Ungayichaza njani le ngcamango?

Uxinzelelo lweSynclic

Lo ngumandla apho intliziyo ilahla igazi. Eli xabiso lixhomekeke kwinani lentliziyo kunye nobukhulu babo. Isalathisi esiphezulu sogqirha sisebenzela ukucacisa imeko yesifo senhliziyo kunye nemithambo emikhulu, umzekelo, i-aorta. Ixabiso lixhomekeka kwizinto eziliqela:

- umthamo we-ventricle yekhohlo yentliziyo;

- izinga le-ejection yegazi;

Ixabiso lentliziyo;

- imeko yeenqanawa ze-coronary kunye ne-aorta.

Ngako oko, ngamanye amaxesha uxinzelelo oluphezulu lubizwa ngokuba "yintliziyo" kwaye lugwetywa ngala manani malunga nokuchaneka komsebenzi walo mzimba. Kodwa isigqibo malunga nomzimba womzimba kufuneka senziwe ngugqirha, enikwe ezininzi izinto. Emva koko, uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo oluphezulu kubo bonke abantu luhluke. I-Norm ingaqwalaselwa njengezibonakaliso ze-90 mm kunye ne-140, ukuba umntu uvakalelwa kakuhle.

Uxinzelelo lwe-Diastolic

Ngethuba lokuphumla kwenhliziyo, i-blood presses malunga neendonga zeempahla ezinamandla. Ezi zikhombisi zibizwa ngokuba yingcinezelo esezantsi okanye i-diastolic. Zizimisele ngokukodwa kwiimeko zeempahla kwaye zilinganiswa ngexesha lokukhululeka kwenhliziyo. Amandla apho izindonga zawo zichasene negazi langoku, kwaye kukho uxinzelelo oluphantsi. Ukunyaniseka kancinci kweempahla kunye nobuchule babo, phezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kungenxa yemeko yeentso. Zivelisa i-renzyme renin, echaphazela ithoni ye-muscle yeempahla. Ngoko ke, uxinzelelo lwe-diastolic ngamanye amaxesha luthiwa "umqhafazo." Ukonyuka kwinqanaba layo kunokubonisa isifo sezintso okanye i-thyroid gland.

Yintoni ekufuneka ibe yixabiso eliqhelekileyo lexabiso?

Sekude kube yinto yesiko ukwenza imilinganiselo kwi-brachial artery. Yona inokuthengwa kakhulu, ngaphezu koko, isikhundla sayo sikuvumela ukuba uthathe iziphumo kumyinge. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa i-cuff apho umoya ujojowe khona. Ukuchukumisa imithwalo yegazi, ifowuni ikuvumela ukuba uve ukutsalwa kwe-pulse kuyo. Umntu oqhuba imilinganiselo, izaziso apho ukwahlukana khona ukubetha kwaqala-oku kukunyanzeliswa phezulu, kwaye apho kuphelile khona-ngaphantsi. Ngoku kukho uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-elektroniki, apho isigulane ngokwakhe singakwazi ukulawula imeko yakhe. Uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lubonwa ngokuba ngu-120 ukuya kuma-80, kodwa oku kulinganiselwe.

Omnye kwixabiso layo eli-110 okanye kwana-100 kwi-60-70 uya kuziva. Kwaye kunye neminyaka yobudala, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lika-130-140 liqwalaselwa ngo-90-100. Ukuze ufumane ukuba yeyiphi imilinganiselo isigulane siqala ukuziva sibuhlungu, ithala lokunyanzeliswa liyadingeka. Iziphumo zeemilinganiselo eziqhelekileyo zibhalwa kuyo kwaye zincede zibone izizathu kunye nemida yokuguquka. Oogqirha bancomela nokuba umntu onempilo ukuba angene kuloo ngotshe ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo luqhelekile kuye.

Uxinzelelo lwengqondo - yintoni na?

Abantu abaninzi bajongene nesi sifo kungekudala. Uxinzelelo lwengcinezelo luyinyuka eqhubekayo kwingcinezelo. Kwabanye, ukwanda kwama-indices ngamaqela angama-10 kakade kubonakaliswe ukungonakaliswa kwintlalo. Xa uneminyaka yobudala, ukuguquka okunjalo kubonakala ngaphantsi. Kodwa yimeko yentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, ubukhulu bexinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu oluchaza ukuphuhliswa komfutho wegazi ophezulu, owaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo njengengcinezelo yomshukela. Ugqirha wenza olo xilongwe, ukuba izikhombisi zivame ukunyuka ngama-20-30 mm kungekho sizathu esithile. Ngokwimigangatho eyamkelwa yi-WHO, ukuphuhliswa komfutho wexinzelelo kuboniswe yingcinezelo engaphezu kwe-140 nge-100. Kodwa kwezinye, ezi zithethe zingaba ziphantsi okanye ziphezulu. Kwaye isiqhelo siya kumnceda afumane itafile yecindezelo.

Kwinqanaba lokuqala loxinzelelo lwengqondo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukulungelelanisa imeko ngokuguqula indlela yobomi nokuphelisa imikhwa emibi. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubeka iliso rhoqo uxinzelelo lwakho ukufuna uncedo ngexesha. Emva koko, ukuphakamisa kwi-180 mm kungakhokelela ekuhlaselweni kwentliziyo okanye ngesifo.

Iimpawu zexpotension

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi alubheki njengengozi nje ngokuba ngumfutho wegazi ophezulu. Kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo kunzima kakhulu umgangatho wokuphila. Emva koko, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kubangela ukusilela kwe-oxygen kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Isigulane siva ubuthathaka, ukukhathala nokulala. Intloko yakhe i-dizzy kwaye i-dizzy, iyakumnyama emehlweni akhe. Ukuphosa okuthe ngqo kwixinzelelo ukuya kuma-50 mm kunokukhokelela ekufeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-hypotension eqhubekayo ibonwa ngabantu abancinci kwaye idlula iminyaka. Kodwa usadinga ukulawula uxinzelelo. Emva koko, nayiphi na utshintsho kwiimpawu zaso kubonisa ukungaphumeleli emsebenzini weentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi.

Ukwahlukana okuncinci phakathi koxinzelelo oluphezulu nangaphantsi

Wonke umntu uhlukile. Kwaye ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lexabiso lingafani. Kodwa kukholelwa ukuba umehluko phakathi koxinzelelo olungaphezulu naphantsi kufuneka libe ngamaqumrhu angama-30-40. Kule nqanaba, oogqirha banokubhala ingqalelo, kuba ingabonisa ukuphuhliswa kwezifo ezithile. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa uxinzelelo lwe-pulse. Ngokwalo, intsingiselo yalo ayithethi nantoni na, into ephambili yintlalo yesigulane. Kodwa umehluko omncinci phakathi kwengcinezelo ephakamileyo nephantsi ingabangelwa ukungahambi kakuhle kweentso okanye ukunganyaniseki kweempahla.

Ziziphi izicatshulwa ezixhomekeke kuzo

Amandla apho igazi lihamba khona kwiinqanawa kunye neenkomfa kwiindonga zawo zichongwa ngamanani amaninzi:

- izifo kunye nezifo zofuzo;

- indlela yokuphila;

- Iimpawu ziselo;

- isimo sengqondo somntu;

- ubukho bemikhwa emibi;

- inani lemisebenzi yomzimba.

Ezi zithethe zixhomekeka kakhulu kwi minyaka. Akuyimfuneko ukuqhuba abantwana kunye nabantwana abaselula ukuya kwisakhelo se-120 ukuya kuma-80, njengabo kuzo iziqulatho ziza kugqitywa. Emva koko, ngokuqhelekileyo uxinzelelo lukhula ngokukhula. Kwaba badala, izikhombisi ezingama-140 nge-90 ziya kuba zendalo. Ugqirha onolwazi unokufumana ingcinezelo eqhelekileyo ngobudala, ngokuchanekileyo ukuchonga imbangela yesifo. Kwaye kwenzeka ukuba i-hypotension emva kweminyaka engama-40 idlula ngokwawo okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ikhula nomfutho wegazi.

Kutheni sifuna ukulinganisa uxinzelelo

Abantu abaninzi banciphisa intloko ngeepilisi, ngaphandle kokudibana nodokotela ukuze bafumane isizathu. Kodwa ukwandisa izinga lokunyanzeliswa kwimiyunithi ye-10 ayibangeli kuphela ukungonakaliswa kwintlalo-ntle, kodwa inokulimaza nempilo:

- umngcipheko wokwakha izifo zengqondo zanda;

- kukho ukuphulwa komjikelezo we-cerebral kunye ne-stroke;

- imeko yeempahla zeenyawo zibuhlungu;

- Ukungaphumeleli komnxeba kudla ngokuqhubekayo;

- imemori ibuhlungu, intetho iphukile - le yile miphumo yokunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi.

Ngoko ke, ukubeka iliso rhoqo kuyimfuneko, ngokukodwa ngokubonakala kobuthathaka, ukutywina kunye nentloko. Kunzima ukusho ngokuthe ngqo ukuba luphi uhlobo loxinzelelo olufunekayo kule ndawo okanye kuloo mntu. Emva kwakho konke, bonke abantu bahluke, kwaye kufuneka ugxininise kwimpilo yakho. Ukongeza, kwanomntu onempilo, uxinzelelo kwimini luyakwazi ukuguquka.