Uxilongo izifo. Uhlalutyo ezinto igazi: ezibonisa?

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, indoda nomdla kwindlela umzimba, kutheni ukoyisa zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Fumanisa unobangela sifo kwakunzima kakhulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuphela kwesidumbu wanika impendulo, kodwa kakhulu emva kwexesha. Ngelo xesha ke nokuba thetheki indlela uya kukhangela nje ngaphakathi umntu ngaphandle yotyando kunye noxilongo. Uphuhliso oluqhubela phambili uluntu iye izame kangangoko ukuchaza sifo, kwanele ukuba athathe uvavanyo lwegazi. Okulandelayo, cinga ukwenza njani uxilongo ngalo mzuzu kunye nendlela kangakanani ulaziyo uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi.

Yintoni isifo

Lokufunyaniswa kwesifo - ikakhulu yingqokelela lolwazi oluneenkcukacha, ngokunjalo iindlela ezahlukeneyo yoviwo, ngenxa apho ugqirha ubeka isifo ngqo, kwaye unyango onyulwe nemveliso ngenxa yoko.

Iqala lokufunyaniswa yoviwo yomguli. Okulandelayo, atyumbe igazi, umchamo. Kuphuhliso lobugcisa ezintsha zithandwa ezilandelayo iindlela zokuxilonga:

• iimviwo X-ray.
• MRI ne- CT.
• US.

Kuxhomekeka izikhalazo isigulane ekhethiweyo diagnosis lobeko kangangoko okanye indibanisela iindlela eziliqela.

Le yinto yokuqala uxilongo emva kokuba iimviwo ze isigulane kufuneka ugcwalise igazi count, kodwa basoloko emiselweyo, kunye nobume negazi. Ukuba uya kuba nefuthe uviwo olunye unyango.

Ngubani ofuna lo vavanyo gazi?

uviwo enjalo lingabela naliphi na ugqirha nomonde. Oko kukuthi, loo nto ibonisa ukuba kukho isifo efihlakeleyo, kuyanceda ukufumana ukuba yintoni inkqubo ayiphumelelanga. Kwakhona, ugqirha umisela ngamachiza lokulawula unyango. Ingcali egqiba apho izikhombisi data zifuna ukuqinisekiswa.

Kukho sisifo apho kuqala zonke chemistry emiselweyo igazi. Oko kubonisa, oko kuya kuchaphazela ikhondo unyango. Oko kukholisa ukubaluleka kwezi ithi:

• izifo igazi.
• isifo sezintso.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yonyango.
• Izifo yenkqubo sentliziyo.
• Nezitenxo kwezi lokugaya.
• Pathology ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo weentshukumo.
• Iingxaki esibindini.

Oko kubonisa ukuba uhlahlelo ezinto igazi

Olu hlahlelo iquka inani elikhulu ezizakubonisa ukuvumela ukuba ukuhlola umsebenzi umzimba kunye nemeko yakhe iphela. Lunika ithuba lokuba ukulandelela ukusebenza kwezi amalungu kunye neenkqubo zomzimba:

• inqanaba Umlinganiselo yokucolwa emzimbeni.
• Ukungabikho okanye ngokugqithiseleyo ukuqinisekisa iziqalelo umkhondo.
• Ukusebenza esibindini.
• Senyongo.
• Kidney.
• Pancreas.

Yiyo le hlalutyo kwenza kube lula ukufumanisa isifo kusekwangoko, ukuchonga efihliweyo izizathu zayo kwaye ukuthintela iingxaki ezininzi. ukutolika kakuhle uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi (nto leyo ebonisa ukuba) ingaba ngugqirha kuphela. Asimele kwizigqibo ngokunokwabo.

Indlela ukuba unikele ngegazi ukuze ngamachiza

Uhlalutyo igazi ngamachiza iyathathwa emthanjeni peripheral. Isampulu kakhulu ethandwa indawo igazi kwinqanaba ingqiniba. Ukuba ngenxa yokwenzakala okanye ezinye sizathu, akukho ndlela eya kuthatha igazi kule ndawo, ungenza ubuhluthayo kwenye indawo.

Kufuneka ihlangane iimeko eziliqela phambi kwakho esandleni phezu uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi. Ukuba uya kubonisa indlela iziphumo ziya kuba echanekileyo, kuxhomekeke ngezenzo zakho.

1. Igazi liya kuba esiswini olambileyo.
2. Emva kwesidlo lokugqibela kufuneka athathe iiyure eziyi-8, badla basela, nto leyo ubunjwe iswekile, lingabi phambi kohlalutyo.
3. ubuncinane kwiintsuku ezingama-2 phambi uhlalutyo akufuneki basele iziselo equlethe utywala. Kwakhona, musani ukudla okunamafutha ukutya kakhulu.
4. Phambi kokuba uye kwilebhu, kubhetele ukuba bazibandakanye emsebenzini oluphuculweyo emzimbeni kwaye babe nexhala.
5. Uhlalutyo ezinto uzinikele phambi kokuba ekwenzeni naluphi na amanyathelo diagnostic nezinyangayo.
6. Kungenzeka inqubo iziphumo zohlalutyo, ngoko ke kungcono iphetshwe.

Indlela ukuze ziqonde uvavanyo lwegazi

Xa wadlula inkqubo zokusampula igazi, ixesha liya kunikwa isiphumo. Zalathisi ziya kuba kwikholam esecaleni izalathi si zokunikwa eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, ukuba ukuhlalutya uhlalutyo zengqo- ngayo ibonisa igazi elingase ugqirha kuphela. Mhlawumbi, ngokuba zixilonga ezininzi ethile uya kunikwa iindlela ezongezelelweyo diagnostic.

Cinga zeziphi Iimpawu zixeliweyo apha kuhlalutyo kwaye ukuchonga izifo ezoyikekayo ezifana nokuba, umhlaza HIV okanye ihepatitis.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo zizalathisi ezibalulekileyo

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yonke into ebonisa ukuba uhlalutyo kwemichiza ye igazi emthanjeni, kubalulekile, kodwa khangela ezo manani, rhoqo ukumisela uxilongo.

• protein Iyonke. Ukuthelekisa la manani, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukujonga apho amaziko karhulumente kunye negazi. Ngenxa protein ukwanda ukuze aphuhlise izifo ezosulelayo nomhlaza. Kwakhona kwandisa kunye ukugabha, urhudo. Xa Ufundo sityhafile isifo kunokwenzeka kwesibindi, ezahlukeneyo ukopha, thyrotoxicosis. amazinga Low bazilile.
• Yibilirubin. Esi salathisi kunceda ukuxilonga isifo sesibindi, iphecana biliary, kunye bonisa anemia. amazinga Ukwanda yibilirubin uyakwazi ukuthetha kohlobo ezahlukeneyo, igazi okanye nangezilonda esibindini okanye ukuqina.
• Enzyme. Inani labo kunye nomsebenzi yokubonelela ulwazi kwindawo engatshintshiyo ye izibilini. Xa umsebenzi ngokugqithiseleyo inokuphuhlisa hepatitis, ukungaqheleki entliziyweni kwezihlunu, hypoxia, haemolysis, Embolism miphungeni.
• Iswekile. Isalathi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sele ukubandezeleka seswekile. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba esweni intsebenzo yeswekile. Ukuba mzobo phantsi, mhlawumbi abanezifo yonyango okanye ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi.
• cholesterol. Amanani cholesterol High kubonisa uphuhliso beempahla yegazi. It kwandisa ingozi yesifo sentliziyo. Ingakumbi eyingozi kukwanda "embi" cholesterol.
• Amylase. Ukwandisa enzyme ibonisa ubukho inkqubo yokukrala kwi pancreas.
• Urea. amanqaku aphezulu abonakalisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo excretory. Njengoko ngokunjalo ukuthetha kakubi utywala, ukudla ixesha elide, ukusilela kwezintso, libanda, umchamo okanye salicylates.

Ukuba uluphumelele uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi, ukuba uya kubonisa ntoni elandelayo, zingasetwa kuphela ngugqirha khona.

Izigulane zidla abachaphazelekayo malunga nokuba ngaba uhlalutyo zengqo- onokubonisa umhlaza, okanye hepatitis, okanye i-HIV. Khawuve oko ngakumbi.

Izalathisi egazini umhlaza

Oncology - yenye sezifo kakhulu. Kuya kubonisa ukuba ngaba uhlalutyo zengqo- zomhlaza igazi? Kakade ke, kwezi zigulane ukubalwa igazi liya kwahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwabanye, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthi nge-100% ngokuqinisekileyo, njengoko ifuna iindlela ezongezelelweyo iimviwo ukuqinisekisa uxilongo.

Xa sijonga ekuhlalutyeni umhlaza igazi nomonde, siza kubona zokwahluka zilandelayo:

• leukocyte Ukwandiswa.
• ESR landa.
• Amanqanaba mpilo Low.

Ngenxa yenkqubela kweeseli somhlaza emzimbeni ukuba nesizungu antigen ziiprotein ethile. Njengokuchaza nezakhi ezinjalo kunokwenzeka ukumisela ukuba ngowuphi umbutho kuyaqala inkqubo oncologic. Ezi awakwazi baziwa njengabamakishi ithumba.

Popular njengangoku zokuphawula ithumba:

• PSA - isimo wendlala.
• CA125 - ovarian endometrial.
• CA15-3 - ngumqathango webele.
• CA 19-9 - uchaze iphecana zesisu.
• Rea - imeko kwesibindi, umphunga, pancreatic, isinyi, amathumbu.

Ukuba uhlalutyo zengqo- zomhlaza igazi liya kuqinisekisa ukuba unokunikela kuphela ngegazi zabamakishi thumba isenza uxilongo ezongezelelweyo.

eziphilayo hepatitis

Akukho sifo akanangozi - hepatitis. Kule nkqubo zokufumanis isifo ngokuyimfuneko ukumisela chemistry igazi. Kwesibindi abonisa ngayo ukwanda ezi zikhombisi zilandelayo:

• Ukwanda kakhulu enzymes ALT AST.
• Ukwandisa yibilirubin ngqo bebonke.
• Ukwanda triglycerides.
• Ukwanda globulin gamma.
• Ukwehla albumin.

Ngaphezu ukuqhuba immunoassays kunye noviwo histological lwe igazi yi PCR.

HIV ne chemistry igazi

Immunodeficiency virus ngokungenisa umzimba womntu, luyancipha amajoni omzimba. Kulo mzekelo umzimba uba ezithandwa zizifo kunye nomhlaza. Xa abantu abane-HIV kuya kubonisa izalathi si zokunikwa kwegazi negazi, leucopenia kunye thrombocytopenia. igazi eziphilayo liphandisisiwe uqhushululu ebonakalayo nezi ntso, nomhlehlo wesibindi, yaye inqanaba iswekile.

Noko ke, asimele sinokuthi ukwakheka igazi ubonisa HIV. Uya balatha utshintsho emzimbeni yabangela nokutenxa kokumiselweyo. Ukufumanisa HIV kukho uvavanyo eyodwa ibhaqa antibodies zentsholongwane ELISA. Kwakhona wasebenzisa PCR indlela evumela ukuba ukuchonga oku ngezifo ngosuku lweshumi emva kokosuleleka.

Uhlalutyo ezinto yobuntwana

Ukuba uthelekisa esibonisa uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi umntwana nomntu omdala, umahluko kuphela ngokwemiqathango yemigangatho. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuba umzimba lo mntwana ukhula kunye nezithethe bangafani kumaqela yobudala ahlukeneyo. Anike umntwana test igazi kwemichiza, ugqirha ufuna kuphela ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuthomalalisa uloyiko lwabo.

Xa kufuneka bathobele imithetho ngokufanayo abadala isampulu yegazi, umahluko omnye kukuba kuxhomekeke abazali.

Khumbula, alungiselelwe phambi uhlalutyo ukusiwa kwazo kuya kunika result yechaneke ngaphezulu. Uxilongo aziyi kubekwa kuphela ngokusekelwe hormone yegazi data. Uphando olubanzi iya kubonelela iimpendulo ezichanekileyo yonke imibuzo.