Uphi na lo loliwe mde ehlabathini

Ikloko bakwaloliwe yehlabathi ngokukhawuleza oololiwe kaloliwe. Manani ziqikelela ukuba nyaka ngamnye ehlabathini lonke kuthuthwe abakhweli malunga 20 bhiliyoni kwaye ngaphezu kwama-10 000 000 000 000 iitoni imithwalo. Xa udibanisa kunye onke lokuphambukela kumgama elide kulo nyaka, isixa-mali iya kulingana ukuya kwizigidi 66 neziphithiphithi ijikeleza uMhlaba. Kodwa loo nto zonke uqulukubhode ukuba izixhobo okwaziyo neengcinga zabantu. Ukuba eziphezulu iziporo ezintathu ubude kuquka eUnited States, China naseRashiya, kuba uloyiso kwi nomination "uloliwe mde ehlabathini 'ekulweni kunye namanye amazwe.

Ziintshatsheli ze Afrika kunye nowaseChina

Umzamo ukuqokelela umsebenzi onzima kunye namagumbi nemizila yenziwa ngo-1991 eMzantsi Afrika. Ngu zikaloliwe multiple 660 iinqwelo eqhotyoshelweyo, umgama ukusuka entloko ukuya koololiwe kaloliwe umsila elungiselelwe ukuthutha intsimbi yaba 7.2 km. Kuvakala ukuba le ngxilimbela wenze run nye nje, emva kokuba isusiwe.

Nzima ukusebenza abantu Chinese Azange abangxolise ububanzi ububanzi, umxholo kunye neziphumo uNothozamile ngakumbi. Kodwa iindlela yoBukhosi Iinkwenkwezi, yaye namhlanje isebenza uloliwe lide 210 iimoto ezingama ubude kunye iinjini kweekhilomitha ezili-3 kunye nomthamo tonnes-20 000. Kujongwe ukuba uloliwe ukuze yokuthuthwa kwamalahle kunye zokwakha.

Olu khuphiswano phakathi US neRashiya

EUnited States uloliwe inkulu uthathwa ukuba ube yinxalenye ubude 5.6 km, ephethwe yi-Union Pacific. Noko ke, oko kuphela indibano Esalingwayo yadalwa ngo-2010 ngenjongo kokuvavanywa amandla koololiwe abatsha. Uloliwe, wenze moya elinye ukusuka eDallas eLong Beach, lwakhawuleza zahlulo eziliqela.

Kodwa yiSoviet Union kwi 80s phezu kweendlela Kuzbass wafudukela nemizila kunye iimoto 439, iyawasusa 43,5 thous. Iitoni namalahle. Ubude yale sondo kaloliwe yaba kweekhilomitha 6.5, leyo yehla kakhulu izinga intshukumo xa ethelekiswa koololiwe eziqhelekileyo.

iingxilimbela Australian

lizwekazi Green kwakhona inama enye imfuyo elide ceca ehlabathini, eyeye inkampani yemigodi Rio Tinto. Lo loliwe ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha intsimbi, lo gama sandwiching iitoni 29.500 ka imithwalo. Ukuze eze intshukumo into enkulu emva iinqwelo kunye ubude abangama-2.4 km uthathekile kaloliwe amathathu anamandla, tyhala isakhiwo phambi kwakhe.

Enye ingxelo bobabo inkampani Australian neBHP Billiton, naye specialising in lezemigodi. Apha kulo utyando uloliwe, iinqwelo-365, ubude 3.2 khilomitha, nako ukuthutha uhambo olunye ukuya ku 44 500 iitoni imithwalo. Ukuze ukususa indawo omkhulu, kuthatha ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo zikaloliwe. Noko ke, asiyiyo Isitimela kakhulu ehlabathini.

Le yeengxilimbela Mauritania

Isihloko "elide nemizila" eyingxenye yayo ukuba oololiwe abahamba phezu Isitimela kwi Republic of Mauritania, nto leyo ise-West Afrika. Inxalenye ubude umzila km 700 udlula kwentlabathi iSahara. Ukusuka kwisikhululo yokuqala ukuya uloliwe ihambisa 21 isiphelo iyure indawo.

Ubude lilonke ezimakhulu mabini iimoto, zikaloliwe elawulwa ezine, ukuya ku 2.5 km. Ngamanye amaxesha ukwakheka ukohlukana omnye iinqwelo-10, ngaloo ndlela kusandiswa ubude zawo leemitha 300. Uloliwe ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha amalahle neoli kwiitanki. Kukwakho iinqwelo zabakhweli. Kodwa abantu bendawo abavumi ukuhlawula zohambo, ikakhulu iya kwizingxobo ngokwemveliso nakanjani simahla, yaye akukho ukuphikisana imithetho yelizwe.

Sverhvmestitelnye oololiwe for abathandi zokuhamba

I inde okhwele uloliwe equka iinqwelo-70, ubude 1.6 km, ephethwe yi-National Railway Company of eBelgium. Uloliwe wenza moya olunye phakathi imizi eGhent kunye Ostend, wasweleka ngaphezulu kancinane kweekhilomitha ezintandathu. Yaba isiganeko sa mnye-off, yonke ingeniso ukusuka apho waya Research Institute Foundation, ukujongana neengxaki Oncology. Ingxelo sasimi 1991, ingxelo i uhambo engaqhelekanga kaloliwe kusasazwa ngqo kumabonakude yaseBelgium.

Le okhwele uloliwe inde sisebenza namhlanje, uthathwa Ghan, bexela izixeko ezininzi Australian. Ngokuqhelekileyo 16─26 uthathekile ukuba iimoto zikaloliwe, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha isixa ungaba kuze amaqhosha 99, nto leyo eyandisa ubude kaloliwe ukuya ku 1.2 leekhilomitha. Le ngxilimbela uchitha ndlela ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbini, ubude bomgaqo - malunga 3000 km.

A uloyiso encinane iphumelele kwaye Russian "Sapsan", kanobom kwindlela Moscow ─ Petersburg. Ngo-2014 it Wabulinganisa ke ubude iinyanda ezimbini cars 20. Inani ka 500,2 m ukuba "Sapsan" wafumana utyumbo "uloliwe mde ehlabathini kwi-high speed kaloliwe."

Inkokeli epheleleyo phakathi kwamanye ezilungisayo

Uninzi impumelelo enkulu kummandla zokuthutha fanele ku Australia. Ukufumana izembiwa inkampani neBHP ngo-2001 laqalisa uloliwe inde ehlabathini, anxibelelanisa yandi lam isixeko Port Hedland kwintshona yezwekazi Green. Ubume kunye neemoto 682 yade ukuba ngeekhilomitha 7.3 ukulungiselela malunga 181 yezigidi neekhilogram yentsimbi ekrwada.

Iyonke ubunzima elikhulu, zithwele yafikelela iitoni 99,734. Moved indlela yayo ka-275 km, zikaloliwe ezisibhozo General Electric AC6000CW umthamo iilitha 6000. a. ngalinye.

Namhlanje, le ngxelo ayifakwanga ndabethwa nabani. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwixa elizayo ethile zastuchat amavili phezu yimiqolo ye-super-koololiwe abatsha kwihlabathi.