Uphawu kwiisekethe zombane. iisimboli oluntanganye kunye neleta olunemiqathango

Ukuba wenza umsebenzi umbane, qiniseka ukuba kufuneka wazi ngeesimboli kwiisekethe zombane. Ukukwazi ukufunda imizobo kweentambo - luphawu obalulekileyo fitters, izixhobo locksmiths, abakhi chain. Ukuba awunalo uqeqesho olulodwa, nje ukuqonda zonke nezo kwenzeke ukuze baphumelele. Kodwa simele sikhumbule ukuba nemiqondiso imizobo equlunqwayo ukuba abathengi Russian zahluka nemigangatho eyamkelweyo ngokubanzi phesheya - eYurophu, USA ne Japhani.

Imbali yeesimboli kwi imizobo

Nkqu ngamaxesha Soviet, xa kwinjineli lombane liqulunqe ngokukhawuleza, imfuno ukuhlelwa izixhobo kunye nesikhundla zabo. Kwaba lelo xesha ke kwabakho inkqubo efanayo wexwebhu yoyilo (ESKD) kunye nemigangatho yesizwe (GOST). Zonke mgangathweni kuyo nayiphi injineli bakwazi ukufunda iisimboli kwi imizobo oogxa bakhe.

Kodwa ukuze benze kuzo zonke ubuqili kufuneka ukuphulaphula eninzi ntetho baza kufunda uncwadi oluninzi. GOST - luxwebhu enkulu kunye ngokupheleleyo uphonononge zonke iisimboli graphic kunye nomlinganiselo zabo standard, uthi phantse akunakwenzeka. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kusoloko kukho "sheet oqhathaniselayo" encinane eya kunceda Orient ezahlukeneyo izakhi zombane.

Ingcingo imizobo

Iingcingo zombane - ligama, ibe ukuthini umqhubi, yiba ukumelana ephantsi kakhulu. Ngoncedo lwabo, lo ombane ophezulu ukusuka kumthombo wombane kubathengi. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ngcamango, ekubeni kukho iintlobo ezininzi ingcingo.

Abantu abakuqondi iipatheni kunye iimpawu iintambo ntoni, ukuze isigqibo ukuba umqhubi - i intambo xa igqunyiwe eqhagamshelwe iiswitshi kunye neziseko. Kodwa enyanisweni kukho iintlobo ezininzi ababhexeshi, yaye kuboniswe iipateni ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Guides yezikim

Nkqu nentwana yobhedu kwiibhodi textolite yesekethe - esi sikhokelo, unako nokuba bathi olu guqulelo lwe iintambo zombane. It luchazwa iziphaluka zombane ngendlela yokungena umgca othe ngqo oqala nge-element omnye komnye. Ngendlela efanayo oko kuboniswe kule dayagram kunye eliphezulu-ombane ngokuwuqhawule ngocingo lombane umgca elingatsalanga amasimi phakathi kweentsika. Yaye izindlu iingcingo phakathi izibane, itshintshela kunye neziseko zibonakaliswe yi komboko efanayo ngqo.

Kodwa lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe subgroups ezintathu Uqulunqo elements conductive:

1. Ezintambo.
2. Iintambo.
3. umbane.

Isicwangciso kweentambo - entengo nolungachanekanga njengoko a kweentambo ekujongwe ukuba ukwakha kwiingcingo kunye neengcingo. Kodwa ukuba ukwandisa kakhulu kuluhlu lwezinto njengoko kuyimfuneko kwi scheme oluneenkcukacha, kuvela ukuba kufuneka iquke abaguquli ngaphezulu, benza okuchasene beesekethe, izixhobo eyintsalela ngoku, isiseko, insulators.

Sockets yezikim

Sockets - a unxibelelwano Plug-in ziyilelwe uxhulumaniso non-ngqongqo (kukho ukhetho lokuqhawula ngesandla udibaniso) kwiisekethe. Nemiqondiso imizobo alawulwa ngokungqongqo yi GOST. Ngayo ukubeka imithetho abhekisele imizobo kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokukhanyisa kunye nabanye abathengi ezahlukeneyo zombane. Neziseko uhlobo zingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu:

1. Yenzelwe komhlaba ezifuna.
2. Yenzelwe ezifuna yokugungxula.
3. Unit ziqulathe yokuphuma kunye iswitshi.

Ezi ndidi ezintathu lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe subgroups eziliqela, kuxhomekeka iinketho uqhagamshelwano kunye nobukho nokhuseleko:

1. iziseko-pole Single.
2. Bipolar.
3. Kabini-esibondeni, yaye contact olukhuselayo.
4. I-pole ezintathu.
5. -Pole Ezintathu, kunye contact olukhuselayo.

Kule ngokwaneleyo, ingakumbi akukho zirhoxo, kukho ezahlukeneyo ezininzi. Zonke iiyunithi kufumana ukhuselo, ukukhethwa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokusekelwe indlela apho iimeko kufuneka zisetyenziswe: inqanaba ukufuma, iqondo lobushushu, ubukho igalelo ngoomatshini.

Le nokucima kwimizobo zeesekethe

Ijija - isixhobo ne apho yombane yaphulwe. Oku kwenziwa ngendlela imo oluzenzekelayo okanye manual. Kulawulwa iindwendwe olunemiqathango oluntanganye notation, kwakunye ezishishina. Isikhundla kuxhomekeke iimeko abasebenza apho element, ingqiqo uyilo kuyo, neqondo lokhuselo. Kukho iindidi eziliqela yokuyilwa eyenziwayo:

1. -Kwipali olunye (kubandakanywa kabini kunye ezintathu).
2. Bipolar.
3. I-pole ezintathu.

Imizobo eziyimfuneko ukuze zibonise Ipharamitha isixhobo sokwahlula. Kunye nezimpawu zomzobo niyibonile into uhlobo isebenzisa: uneswitshi elula, iqhosha latching ngaphandle isixhobo ive (baphendule umqhaphu) okanye optical. Ukuba kukho imeko ukuba ukhanyiso ivuliwe xa umdaka kwaye wavala kusasa, ungasebenzisa i isivamvo enombala kunye isekethe ulawulo encinane.

Iifyuzi (paste fusible)

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi izixhobo zokhuselo - iifyuzi (ongasetynziswayo kunye self-impiliso), benza okuchasene wesiphaluka, RCD. A ezininzi iintlobo ngobuwena, izicelo, isantya ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, ukuthembeka kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemeko ezithile luphawulwa kwezi zixhobo. Uphawu ukuxuba - uxande ngaxeshanye ukuya kwicala elide umqhubi udlula embindini. Le yeyona nto ilula kwaye ifikelelekayo uyakwazi ukukhusela isekethe yombane evela circuit elifutshane. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ezi macandelo akuvamanga kusetyenziswa imizobo zombane udandalaziso. Uphawu uhlobo ezahlukeneyo inokufumaneka - kuba self-ukuphiliswa fuse, leyo emva kokuvula i-ejikeleza isimo sokuqala.

Isihloko Wide iifyuzi - fuse. Oku kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezininzi, ekudluliseleni yombane. Iiplagi ezilahlwayo uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo. Kodwa kusekho izixhobo ezisetyenziswa switchboards eziphakamileyo-ombane. ngokokwakheka ukuba zenziwe zoku ngentsimbi kunye amaqhekeza eziphambili yodongwe. Ngaphakathi kukho icandelo umqhubi (icandelo layo cross ikhethiwe kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngoku ubuninzi udlule wesiphaluka). Umzimba yodongwe izaliswe isanti, ukuze kupheliswe ukufunyanwa ucinezelo.

breakers circuit

Imiqondiso ezinjalo izixhobo kuxhomekeka kwinguqulelo, neqondo lokhuselo. isixhobo ngebhegi zingasetyenziswa njenge iswitshi elula. Enyanisweni, wenza njengoko ifuse, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukudlulisela kwimeko yalo yantlandlolo - ukugqibezela wesekethe. Uyilo ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. izindlu iplastiki.
2. Le lever ululayite vula iphinde ivale.
3. strip Bimetallic - kubhaliwe gqitha ngexesha ubushushu.
4. Iqela loqhagamshelwano - ifakiwe sombane.
5. I arc kugutyulelwe - ikuvumela ukuba bahlukane iintlantsi kunye jike ngexesha qhawulo.

Zizo ezi izinto ezenza nawuphi akawaphuli wesekethe. Kodwa simele sikhumbule emva kotyando akayi kuba nako akanokubuya ngoko nangoko kwindawo eqala ukuba, oku kuthatha ixesha ukupholisa komcu bimetallic. ubomi inkonzo umatshini lulinganiselwa kwinani imisebenzi kwaye yahluka ku ezahlukene 30000-60000.

Ukuyincula yezikim

Isisekelo - umqhubi uqhagamshelo umatshini zombane ngoku okanye isixhobo phantsi. Ngoko nje emhlabeni, yaye inxalenye isixhobo wesiphaluka lunesakhono ezimbi. Ngenxa yokuwa isisekelo umzimba ingalandelwa nawuphi ukutshatyalaliswa isixhobo okanye ugesi, yonke intlawulo ingena emhlabeni. Isisekelo ke ntlobo zilandelayo leendwendwe:

1. Ingcamango jikelele zehlabathi.
2. Pure Earth (noiseless).
3. uhlobo isisekelo kukhuseleko.
4. uqhagamshelo Earth (izindlu) le fowuni.

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo somhlaba isetyenziswa kwisekethe, iisimboli ziya kwahluka. Indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa kwizikimu yokulungiselela sokuzoba element, oko kuxhomekeke zozibini isabelo besekethe ethile, kwakunye nohlobo yesixhobo.

Xa kuziwa zobunjineli izithuthi, apho kuya kubakho "ubunzima" - umqhubi efanayo eqhagamshelwe umzimba. Kwimeko ingcingo ekhaya - ezibethelelwe izinikezeli emhlabeni udityanisiwe kwi neziseko. KwiSekethe logic akufuneki badidekile "yedijithali" kunye nomhlaba eqhelekileyo - zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zisebenza ngokwahlukileyo.

Iimoto zombane

Imizobo kweemoto zombane, iivenkile, izixhobo rhoqo uyakwazi ukufumana Iimoto zombane. Kwaye kushishino kuba ngaphezu kwe-95% kuzo zonke iinjini ezisetyenziswayo - izinto olungenangqamaniso nomatse ehokweni. Bona kuboniswe isangqa, eziyifaneleyo abaqhubi ezintathu (isigaba). kwiimatshini zombane ezinjalo ezisetyenziswa kunye actuators Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye namaqhosha ( "Qala", "Yekani", "Reverse", xa kuyimfuneko).

DC Motors ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo izithuthi, iinkqubo zokulawula. Baye engathi ezimbini - ukusebenza kwaye uqhuba. Endaweni umazibuthe yokugqibela ezisisigxina azinakusetyenziswa kwezinye iintlobo iinjini. Ngenxa coil excitation uyila zibuthe. It utyhala ivili le isithuthi, nto leyo eye oppositely wayalela endle - nto idala inxeba.

Imibala wire

Kwimeko umbane olunye-lesigaba kunye umqhubi isigaba umntu omnyama, ongwevu, neengubo ezimfusa, ezipinki, obomvu, otyheli, oluhlaza, umbala omhlophe. Amaninzi unako ukufumana Brown. Oku ukumakishwa elamkeleke jikelele kwaye asetyenziswe fakelo izikimu ukulungiswa. Zero umqhubi ephawulwe:

1. Blue - i cala (N).
2. Yellow ne ngomvumbo eluhlaza - ukhuseleko wire Ground (eBhayi).
3. yokurekhoda mthubi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emiphethweni - a abaqhubi zokuzikhusela cala kuhlanganiswa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ileyibhile blue kufuneka isetyenziswe ngexesha lofako. Uphawu kwiisekethe zombane kufuneka kwakhona babe kubhekiswa yokuba kukho ubukho tags. Umqhubi kufuneka ziphawulwe kwisalathiso ZOKUXHESHISELA.

On injongo ezisebenzayo bonke abaqhubi zahlulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Wire black - ululayite kwiisekethe amandla.
2. Iingcingo red - ukuba iikhompawundi ze ulawulo, imilinganiselo, umkhosi esandleni sakhe.
3. Abaqhubi blue - Control, imilinganiselo kunye kweesiginali yokusebenza DC.
4. umbala oluhlaza yokukorekisha wavelisa Umqhubi cala.
5. Yellow and green - ngocingo ukuba isiseko kunye nokhuseleko.

namagama exube ku izikimu

Umboniso aba uphawu kwi imizobo iintambo zezi zilandelayo:

• U, V, W - kweentambo isigaba;
• N - umqhubi cala;
• E - emhlabeni;
• PE - yesekethe wire zokhuselo;
• TE - abaphumeza iikhompawundi ingxolo-free;
• MM - umqhubi odityaniswe izindlu (ubunzima);
• SS - umqhubi equipotential.

Isikhundla kwi imizobo iintambo zombane:

• L - incwadi ukutyunjwa (total) kwisigaba ngasinye;
• L1, L2, L3 - 1, izigaba we2 3rd, ngokulandelelana;
• N - wire cala.

Ku amacebo DC:

• L + kunye L- - nezibonda ezilungileyo nezingalunganga;
• M - umqhubi eliphakathi.

Oku kubhekisela ngoyena usetyenziswa rhoqo kwi imifanekiso kunye nemizobo. Baya Izakufunyanwa inkcazelo izixhobo ezilula. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda izixhobo schema ezintsonkothileyo ufuna ulwazi olungaphezulu. Ngapha koko, kusekho izinto esebenzayo, zezenzi, izixhobo logic, amacandelo semiconductor, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kwaye wonke umntu isikhundla sakhe kule nkqubela.

ASB oyinkampani izinto

Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ukuguqula ombane. It inductors, abaguquli, ingakwazi nokuginya. Uphawu iisekethe transformer - jiko ezimbini (eboniswe njengoko semi-izangqa ezintathu) kunye ezingundoqo (ngokohlobo yomgca ngqo ngokubanzi). Kubonisa umgca othe ngqo undoqo transformer ngentsimbi. Kodwa ke kungakho abaguquli zoyilo musa i core, kulo mzekelo, umphathi wesekethe phakathi nto jiko. isiqalelo uphawu inokufumaneka kwi iisekethe yeradio yokunyuselwa izixhobo, umzekelo.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngaba le ndlela isetyenziswa alufane sombane for ezivelisa abaguquli. Kunzima kakhulu, kunzima ukufumana ukungena undoqo kwipleyiti, kukho buzz xa ziba ngcono. Kuyinto kakhulu ngempumelelo ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa ezingundoqo ferromagnetic. Ba eqinileyo, babe permeability olufanayo kuzo zonke iindawo. Kodwa apho benayo ethile - ukuntsonkotha ukulungiswa, njengoko disassembly kunye reassembly kuyingxaki. Uphawu transformer engundoqo kunye phantse akukho yahlukile ukuba sobhedu kusetyenziswa ngayo.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke zonke iisimboli amacebo zombane, ubungakanani macandelo nazo zilawulwa yi GOST. Nkqu iintolo ezilula, iingongoma isiphambuka iimfuneko, ukuzoba kubo wenza ngokungqongqo ngokomthetho. Kufuneka uhlawule ingqalelo osemqoka omnye - umahluko kwi izikimu eyenziwa imigangatho zasekhaya kunye import. Ekudibaneni kwe izinikezeli kwi iziphaluka ngamazwe elijongene isicheme. Ukanti kukho into enje njenge mzobo - umfanekiso wento ngaphandle ekuthobeleni iimfuneko weendwendwe ukuya iziqalelo. izinto ezithile ezifunwayo, isicelo umzobo kakhulu. imifanekiso ezinjalo kungenziwa ukuba nomfanekiso uyilo elizayo, iintambo zombane. Emva koko, ukuba yenziwe umzobo apho izihionipho nokuba olunemiqathango iintambo kunye noqhagamshelo kunxibelelana nemigangatho.