UMthetho wolwaPhulo-. Ngaphandle izimo nobugebengu

Kubomi kukho iimeko xa yokuziphatha zesifundo, kuyabonakala ukuba ephantsi ityala yaye kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo isishiya nobutyala, kuba usebenza luncedo ekuhlaleni. Kwiimeko ezithile Ukungenzi okanye isenzo womntu unenxaxheba umxholo eyahlukileyo. Izenzo ezinjalo kungakhankanywanga phantsi komthetho mthetho. zokuzikhusela Criminal, babe kwindawo eyodwa imfundiso zomthetho. Umbuzo ebusweni babo kuvela kuphela xa ukuziphatha okunjalo yingozi ubudlelwane ezikhuselweyo kwezentlalo kunye Code Criminal (Special Inxalenye) abhalwe isalelo olungqamelanayo kwi ukusetyenziswa isohlwayo. Ukuwuqwalasela ngakumbi ingqiqo kunye neentlobo yeemeko precluding mthetho.

Overview

Inkqubo iimeko precluding mthetho, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuseka i unlawfulness yokuziphatha kunye nabantu ityala. Kuphela ngokuyalelwa imithetho wazisa izibakala ezintsha okanye buphele ngaphambili, ekuthi ngawo abenzi kubonakala ukuba izenzo ezingekho mthethweni ukuphepha isicelo kwezohlwayo ngokumalunga ngokwabo. Concept kunye neentlobo zokuzikhusela mthetho, kwenziwa kule migangatho ezingezo-enyanzelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwimeko nganye, umntu ungakhetha phakathi imifuziselo eziliqela yokuziphatha. Kulo mzekelo, lo mbandela awusosimiselo kuso kwaye kuchazwe ngokucacileyo izenzo zokuziphatha. Le ndlela ibonisa ngokupheleleyo imigaqo yobulungisa kunye abantu njengoko kucacisiwe Sec. 1 Code Criminal.

Ingcamango ezazikhusela mthetho

Kukho inkcazelo eyamkelekileyo icandelo ekuthethwa. Iimeko ngaphandle ubugebengu kunye nobutyala ngenxa yokuba kungekho tyala kunye ngokungekho mthethweni - eli nyathelo / lutho, ngaphandle efaniswe izenzo zokuziphatha kubonelelwe kumanqaku Code Criminal, ebonakalaliswe umonakalo umdla ekhuselweyo, kodwa ke ukuphunyezwa ilungelo luluvo, ngokulandela kwizibophelelo zomthetho okanye dereliction umsebenzi, ngokuxhomekeke kwimiqathango ukufaneleka kwabo.

iimpawu ezikhethekileyo

Kumanqaku langoku elithile le-Code Criminal, kuqulunqo ukhuseleko zolwaphulo-mthetho. Ixabiso nganye kwezi zinto iyavandlakanywa ngayinye kwimeko ngamnye. Ngelo xesha, kukho iimpawu ezifanayo kuzo zonke izenzo zokuziphatha ezinjalo. iimpawu Jikelele iimeko precluding lo mthetho ka senzo, oku kulandelayo:

1. Xa usenza izenzo zokuziphatha elikhankanyiweyo nto. 37-42 of the Code Criminal, kusoloko kukho umsebenzi. Izenzo ezinjalo umonakalo elibalulekileyo umdla ekhuselweyo, oko kukuthi, kwabanye, urhulumente okanye uluntu. Kule meko, umbuzo umbuzo malunga ithuba isohlwayo.
2. Yokuziphatha phantse lonke isekelwe ezixhasayo luncedo eluntwini. Kwezinye iimeko, loo ezixhasayo okubangelwa zizinto zangaphandle. Umzekelo, ngaphandle iimeko zolwaphulo zisenokuvela nomnqweno ukuze azikhusele ekuhlaselweni eziyingozi okanye isikhusele ukuhlaselwa lomnye umntu, ukubamba umoni, ukuthintela umonakalo omkhulu kunokwenzeka, njalo-njalo. Kwezinye iimeko, kuvela iinjongo phantsi kwempembelelo ufakelo lwangaphakathi wavakalisa umnqweno ukufezekisa iziphumo eyingenelo ekuhlaleni.
3. Ukuba kukho iimeko semthethweni, izenzo zokuziphatha benza njengoko iimeko precluding ulwaphulo kunye nesohlwayo mthetho, ezolawulo, omthetho okanye oluleko.
4. Ukonakala-non ukuthotyelwa semthethweni nemiqathango esekwe yi-Code Criminal, bezonxibelelwano bukhatshwa sisohlwayo. Noko ke, ngenxa eluncedo ekuhlaleni ezintle xa sisenza izenzo zokuziphatha ezinjalo, zijongwa nje ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye neemeko ukunciphisa.

ulwazi zembali

zokuzikhusela Criminal, iimpawu ukuziphatha okunjalo, emfundisweni eSoviet ingqalelo njenge nobuninzi inani eliqingqiweyo imigangatho. Kulo mzekelo, izenzo lowiso yangaphambili isethi le hlobo amanqaku. Ngoko, kwi-Code of 1903 zaye esisigxina iimeko precluding wrongfulness yokuziphatha kunye netyala ebangela umonakalo. Iqela lokuqala, umzekelo, yayiba:

• yobudala Undershoot efanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa isohlwayo.
• esibuhlungu, njalo njalo.

Iqela lesibini zaye zabandakanywa:

• Yongxamiseko.
• Exhasayo.
• wokhuselo Laveka.
• Ukwenziwa komyalelo okanye umthetho.

Ngokutsho Criminal Code of 1996 ukuya zokuzikhusela yolwaphulo, ziquka:

1. Imbi inkqubo abantu ukubanjwa phula umthetho.
2. wokhuselo Laveka.
3. Engqondweni nasemzimbeni ngenkani.
4. Yongxamiseko.
5. Ukwenziwa umyalelo okanye imiyalelo.
6. ingozi Unengqondo.

Ngaphandle koku kungasentla, imfundiso iminxeba kunye nezinye iimeko precluding isenzo ulwaphulo-mthetho. ingakumbi bayachatshazelwa imvume, besenza imisebenzi yobungcali, ukuphunyezwa kwamalungelo luluvo, njalo njalo.

umongo

ukubaluleka Criminal zomthetho yeziko ivela ku:

1. Nokungasetyenziswa isohlwayo phambi semthethweni le yokuziphatha.
2. Okuthambisa izohlwayo xa ekwenzeni ekuqaleni nezenzo njengoko precluding benze ulwaphulo-mthetho ngayo, kodwa musa kamva limiselwe ngokunxulumene imida ukuhlukunyezwa ulwamkeleko okanye ngenxa kwezinye izinto (ngaphandle Art. 40 yr. 1 CC).
3. Ukusetyenziswa izohlwayo ngaphezu imida umonakalo mthethweni.

Ukubonelelwa yokugqibela usebenza kuphela izenzo iimeko ezithile ngaphandle mthetho.

imicimbi yesintu

Xa iimeko precluding mkhuba, ibhekisela iimeko ezininzi. Noko ke, inkoliso yabo wangena umthetho omtsha noko. izinto zeMveli ziquka self-yokuzikhusela. Abaphandi kuhlalutywa imbali yeli ziko, kubonisa notyekelo ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Self-ukuzithethelela xa imeko precluding mkhuba, kuqala okhankanywe ekuqaleni kuka-1919. Ezinye izakhiwo zayo inani eliqingqiweyo zasetyenziswa kwi-Criminal Code of 1922 Ekuqaleni iimbalasane-1924 imihlaba yezenzo zokuqala Institute iye yandiswa kakhulu. Ngokukodwa kuyimfuneko ukuzithethelela xa imeko precluding mkhuba, wahlanganisa kuphela nomkhuseli ubuntu kunye namanye amaziko apho wazisusa ingozi. Le Code yaziswa iimbekiselo kunye nokukhuselwa komdla karhulumente eSoviet, umyalelo revolution negunya. Le ekuqulunqeni kabili kwimizobo. 13 Code of the RSFSR Criminal Code of 1926 oBambeleyo ngoku lukwaquka e zalo mthetho. RF - kwengalo yomthetho, apho iimeko ngokuvumelana nomthetho. Lo msebenzi amanga amasebe awohlukeneyo kunye namagosa. Kubo, ukuphunyezwa yokuzikhusela lisebenza njenge dereliction emsebenzini. Ukulahlwa kwesivumelwano ngokwayo kakubi esizakukhokelela isohlwayo esifanelekileyo.

kwiimeko zogunyaziso

izenzo zokuziphatha ukuze azikhusele okanye nabanye abantu, izinto karhulumente, inokufana ukhuseleko mthetho, kuphela kwiimeko ezithile. Lo mthetho isichaza imiqathango efunekayo ukuze non-ukuphunyezwa ubuncinane enye yazo ophantsi lokukhuthazwa iyayeka ukuba luncedo ngokwentlalo, aze awe phantsi Code Criminal. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlasela kufuneka ibe yingozi ngokwentlalo, imali yokwenene. Ilungelo lokhuselo ivela xa ukuphazamisa egrogrisayo kokuthandayo ezikhuselweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuziphendulela lwenzeka kwi ihambo wohlwaywe mthetho ngomnye umntu. Umzekelo, ukuba ukhuselo ikhutshwa phandle reflection ngokuzama ukubulala, bebe kwabantu, udlwengulo umfazi rob odlulayo njalo njalo. Cash ukubetha ithetha ukuba isiqalo okanye sisondela ixesha lokwenzeka kwetyala. Ukuhlaselwa kufuneka ngoko nangoko baze umonakalo eyingozi eluntwini. Xa ekusekeni ityala athathele ingqalelo ubunyani kokuhlaselwa. Lwentengiso kufuneka yokwenene, hayi bacinge okanye kulindeleke.

Ukonakala ngexesha ukubanjwa umoni

Oku kuziphatha kwakhona yinxalenye ukhuseleko yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngenxa yesi sigaba, abeke imiqathango yalo kusemthethweni. Zezi zilandelayo:

1. Ukuvalelwa kufuneka asetyenziswe ngokumalunga umntu enze isenzo ewela phantsi Code yoLwaphulo ngenyathelo, hayi ezinye Code. ubungqina Injongo ye isenzo kufuneka zingenakuphikwa, ezicacileyo ebonakala.
2. Ukusetyenziswa ngogonyamelo kuvumelekile kuphela kwimeko inkolelo ukuba lo mbandela unetyala. Umzekelo, xa umntu ubanjwe-sinikwe kule ndawo, amangqina iza kwalatha oko kuye, kwigumbi okanye iimpahla zakhe ziya kuba imikhondo isenzo, njalo-njalo. Njengesiseko nokuvalelwa isebenza ngokufunyanwa enetyala okanye ukuze search.
3. Umonakalo owenzeke umntu angakwazi kuphela xa kukho isoyikiso sokwenene lokubaleka lawo isohlwayo. Malunga kule ngozi kunokubonisa, umzekelo, ukumelana, non-inzaliseko neemfuno ipolisa, ukuzama ukweqa, njalo-njalo.
4. umonakalo kuphela benziwe injongo yokubanjwa yakhe kamva zisiwe kwigunya elifanelekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, zicinezelwa ithuba ukuphepha uxanduva, kwaye umonakalo owenziwe isebenza njengendlela ukufezekisa le njongo. Xa ebuhlungu ngenxa vigilante ubulungisa okanye ukuphumeza ezinye iinjongo ithe semthethweni yayo. Kule meko umntu usebenzise ubundlobongela, phantsi isohlwayo phantsi Code Criminal.
5. Amanyathelo athathiweyo ngexesha kokubanjwa, kufuneka kuhambelane ingozi kunye nohlobo ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye umenzi wobubi ngamnye. Umzekelo, ukuhluthwa wobomi isifundo, lowo uzama ukubaleka, loo nto ithathwa ezisemthethweni kuphela xa nokubulala, bathinjwa-ukuthatha, zazide isenzo ubugrogrisi njalo njalo.
6. Uhlobo amanyathelo athathwa ngexesha ukubanjwa kufuneka athobele imiqathango phantsi kwayo yenziwa. Kulo mzekelo, ithathele ingqalelo ekwenzeni ukuxhathisa nokunikeza indlela, inani abaphuli ATC kunye nexesha abasebenzi (ubusuku / ngosuku), kwaye ndawo, phambi yethuba zokusebenzisa ndlela ezithambileyo kunye elula.

likaxakeka

Olu didi kwi nombindi ibunzi. Nangona isibakala sokuba eli ziko yinxalenye izenzo zemveli iimeko precluding mkhuba, unyango le nkcazo zivavanywe ezibalulekileyo. umsantsa First kunye neengcali ezibalaseleyo ngongoma nangqiqo izinto standard kwaye uyibeka nje kuphela kwiSiqendu 39 koMgaqo, kodwa imimiselo enxulumene nxaniso engqondweni nasemzimbeni (art. 40, tsh. 2). Kwimeko yokugqibela, akukho kuqulunqo naziphi na iimpawu ezithile ngexesha likaxakeka, ngaphandle ukucaphula umthombo ethile eyingozi. Oku nje kuphela eseleyo kwi-worldwork theory azakuthi umkhuba ingasonjululwanga. Ngoko ke, lo umthetho asiwenzi ukuseka iinqobo umthetho lolwaphulo ukuhlola exceedances komda kuyimfuneko.

Ukucacisa le nkcazelo

Njengoko kukho likaxakeka kugqalwa imeko apho uzothekile usongo ukho ngokwenene ukuba iimfuno ezisemthethweni abantu okanye amanye amaziko, kwakunye uluntu kunye norhulumente, kuliwa nomonzakalo kwabanye abantu. Kulo mzekelo, ukwanelisa imeko ukuba imeko ekhoyo, ingozi alunakupheliswa ngezinye iindlela, kwaye umonakalo kakhulu ngaphantsi kwe kuya kuba njalo ngenxa yokungenzi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iimeko precluding zolwaphulo mthetho uninzi iluncedo eluntwini. Le ngozi ephuma kula okanye kwezinye iindawo, kufuneka:

• Isongela kumalungelo woMntu, uluntu, ukuba ngummi, impilo yaloo mntu.
• Yiba cash and real.
• Ikhona kwindawo apho ezinye iindlela, akuthethi umonakalo, akukho lula ukuphelisa kuyo.

ngenkani

Kunokuba ngengqondo okanye ngokwasemzimbeni. Enyanzelisa ukuba oku hlobo kulawulwa yi Art. 40 kweKhowudi. Le nyaniso elusuku olukhe- phakathi kwabo bonke. Banyanzelwa ebangela umonakalo izilangazelelo olukhuselwe ngumthetho, kwiimeko ezizodwa iye uhlobo exculpatory. Oku ukuba- kukungabikho kwezohlwayo zolwaphulo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kunye nezinye iimeko ngaphandle liability. Njengoko bebubalaselisa ethile kule meko umonakalo kunye nentando efe okanye kunye nokungabikho lokuziphatha eliluncedo loluntu.

Inkcazelo

ISiqendu 40 iquka amatyala ezilungeleyo kunye nemithetho okanye izenzo ngamandla majeure okanye likaxakeka. Ukuba isifundo yesinyanzelo emzimbeni akwazi ukuphatha ukuziphatha kwabo, oko kukuthi, ukuba enze izenzo lonyulo, yaye ngaloo ndlela wenza umonakalo umdla ekhuselweyo, isohlwayo ayikwazi isicelo. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba umntu enza okanye engaqukwanga ukwenza phantsi kweempembelelo zizathu amandla majeure, amandla majeure. Oku, inika isiphoso kunye nokuziphatha elizimisele. Umzekelo, unogada ezinxulumene ayikwazi ukwenza indiva ummandla uyiphathisiweyo kuye. ukunyanzela Mental usoloko ingqalelo babo. Oku wachaza into yokuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iqondo ngobunzulu isenzo, lo mbandela igcinwe ukukwazi ukulawula izenzo zabo zokuziphatha. ukunyanzela Mental lungabonakaliswa nezoyikiso ukuba usebenzise ubundlobongela, zibangela umonakalo yokuziphatha / imathiriyeli kunye nezinye zilumkiso zingaphunyezwa nangoko. Ngokunokwenzeka nokuba nefuthe ngqo kwi isimo sengqondo zizinto psychotropic, ngomlingo,'beeps kunye nezinye. Njengoko ngenjongo izenzo ezinjalo yesinyanzelo eyenza banomnqweno ukulimaza umdla olukhuselwe ngumthetho. Kwimeko yempembelelo babo (yengqondo) zesifundo ekhetha phakathi umonakalo ukusongela nabo ayifunayo ukuphelisa izisongelo ezikhoyo. Kule meko, xa ucinga izenzo usebenzisa imithetho kuyimfuneko. Njengoko imizekelo angafuna kukhonza, ingakumbi, izenzo osethilini ukuba uhlawula imali umhlaseli wamsongela kuyo ephethe isixhobo, umlawuli yombutho zebhanki, leyo phantsi nxaniso unika isitshixo ukuya evenkileni njalo njalo.

ingozi enengqondo

It iqulathe kwi lokusekwa kusenokwenzeka ingozi ukuya umdla ezikhuselweyo ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo luncedo ekuhlaleni. Oku kufuneka kwenzeke ukufumana loo neriskovannymi yoko, esebenzisa eziqhelekileyo. Umngcipheko ithathwa ukuba umntu unelungelo ukufumana isibindi (umzekelo, ngexesha kuphuhliso iiteknoloji ezintsha kwi kwimveliso, uphuhliso amakhambi ezintsha, njalo njalo). Ithuba ukwenza uphando kuba wonke ummi. Akukhathaliseki enoba yintoni na iimeko ezimbi. Kungenxa yoko le nto 1996 Code Criminal isebenzisa ingqikelelo "umngcipheko nengqiqo". umthamo wayo Code yangoku yandiswa kakhulu. Njengoko umthombo okuvelisa amathuba ebangela umonakalo kwi umngcipheko sinengqiqo iintshukumo zesifundo, ngenjongo kuphambuka iimfuno zokhuseleko lusekiwe kwaye eyamkelekileyo zokuzuza ngazo iinjongo luncedo eluntwini.

Imigaqo semthethweni

Zezi zilandelayo:

1. Ukonakala umdla esemthethweni isicelo umngcipheko yokuziphatha, nto leyo sibhekiswe iziphumo eyingenelo ekuhlaleni.
2. Injongo landela umntu lowo akakwazi kuphunyezwa ngabanye, iindlela ezikhuselekileyo.
3. Imiphumela emibi imingcipheko waqonda kuphela nje ukhetho kunokwenzeka yaye ecaleni izenzo zakhe.
4. ukuziphatha kwabantu isekelwe phezu izakhono ezikhoyo kunye nolwazi, nto leyo cala esikwaziyo kwityala ngamnye ukuthintela ukwenzeka komonakalo.
5. Abadlali ukuba athathe onke afanelekileyo, ngokwembono yakhe, amanyathelo ukukhusela.

Ukwenziwa oda / oda

Njengokuba iimeko ngaphandle mkhuba, ukuziphatha okunjalo kuye umiselwe okokuqala kwi-Code yangoku Criminal namhlanje. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa phantse lonke kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa Ndingashenxanga ukuziphatha kwabasebenzi phantsi, ukuphumeza umyalelo okanye imiyalelo phathi zabo. Le nyaniso ithathwa ukuba yonke. Oku kusebenza kuzo zonke iimeko umonakalo xa imfuneko amandla kulo naliphi na icandelo msebenzi loluntu.