UMongameli German nguJoachim Gauck

Ngo-2012, iJamani onyuliweyo umongameli wayo - ukuba nguJoachim Gauck. Ngexesha lokhankaso lolonyulo waphumelela 991 zivoti kumalungu kazwelonke nawengingqi epalamente, okuphazamisa oyimbangi yakhe iphambili - Bute Klarsfeld (126 iivoti).

A yangaphambili yamaLuthere umfundisi, itshantliziyo, Gauck asisiso naliphi na iqela lezopolitiko. Kuye uzuze negama eliphezulu ingxelo ngokuqinileyo iimbono zakhe malunga kwimicimbi. 80% yoluntu German cinga kuye umntu inokuthenjwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba inkxaso Chancellor Angela Merkel kweli wonyulo lomongameli yaba Gauck, hayi Kristiana Vulfa (ubuso yokomfuziselo nkqubo German).

NguJoachim Gauck: biography

Wazalwa ngo-1940 kwisixeko Rostock. INtloko usapho, uyise igosa owahlukileyo yomkhosi wamanzi, obenegunya yenqanawa. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, amaKomanisi ahlala kwinxalenye esempuma eJamani, apho wayehlala Gauk, siwenze i-German Democratic Republic (GDR). Ngowe-1951, uyise wathunyelwa eSiberia abendlu yiSoviet. Ngowe-1955, yena kokuxolelwa, waza wabuyela Rostock.

NguJoachim ebuntwaneni wachitha emva "komkhusane intsimbi". Yaye njengoko umntu omdala uqalisa amanyathelo urhulumente eMpuma Jamani kunye iingcinga socialism. Wala lujoyine yoLutsha German Free, ukuzimanya neqela amelene ubukomanisi. Nkqu urhulumente amapolisa yokhuseleko ( "sokuchola") Ndandicinga ukuba neenkani onenzondelelo labonisa ukuba lungaphindwa isiphelo kayise.

Umfundisi-anticommunist

NguJoachim Gauck kuye kwaqwalaselwa yi ngurhulumente njengento incorrigible anti-yobukomanisi. Ngoko ke, akazange avunyelwe ukuba ukufunda lobuntatheli. Endaweni yoko, wafunda wezakwalizwi kwiYunivesithi Rostock waza waba ngumfundisi Evangelical yamaLuthere Church in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Kodwa ke amalungu zokhuseleko karhulumente babeqhubeka befuna kuye, ekubeni libhekisela ubuKristu urhano.

Ukongezelela post yakhe Gauck wakhonza kwisiphaluka kunye umfundisi ulutsha kamasipala Rostock.

Career and Revolution

Ngexesha revolution ngoxolo 1989, ikamva uMongameli Germany nguJoachim Gauck wajoyina iqela eliphikisayo lwentando yesininzi "New Forum". Kulo mbutho, wazibonakalisa ukuba ayasebenza, ukuze kamva waba usihlalo wayo.

Ngo March 1990 yena wanyulelwa yaBantu Chamber, nto leyo eye Washumayela kunye namanye amaqela amabini lwentando yesininzi ukwenza i "Alliance-90."

Kulo nyaka emva kokushiya party nguJoachim Gauck waba yintloko enguvimba ezikhethekileyo abecuphi "sokuchola". Emva kokuba wabelwa ukuba iphande engcwabeni-mthetho zamaKomanisi. Kule sikhundla, wakhonza iminyaka emalunga ne-10.

Sikunye Jens Reich, Ulrike Poppe kunye namanye amatshantliziyo ezintathu Gauck waba ngummeli eliphikisayo saseGDR. Kwaye ngoko ke wawongwa Molteno Theodor- Heuss.

umsebenzi elijongene

Ukususela ngowe-1990 ukuya ku-2000, Gauck ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe efihlakeleyo yokugcina bafumana amawaka abantu ezisebenze ngayo kunye "leStasi" kwaye kwabenza imisebenzi inkcaso. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi baye baphelelwa yimisebenzi kwicandelo likarhulumente. Ngowe-1995, Gauck wawongwa "Federal Cross" ukuba iinkonzo kwiklasi yokuqala.

Ukongeza, umongameli elizayo nguJoachim Gauck akhusela amalungelo oluntu kwaye wagxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa ukuba imbali Communism kuMbindi Mpuma Yurophu akazange sonakala yi na Ixesha Wesithathu.

Ngowe-1998, Gauck ipapashe incwadi «Black Book of Communism», apho anikela uluvo lwakhe lweSocialism yeSizwe nolobukomanisi. Wayengomnye abasayinayo zokuqala "Prague Declaration on Isazela yaseYurophu kunye ubuKomanisi" (2008) kunye "Declaration on zolwaphulo of Communism" (2010). German Chancellor Angela Merkel kwi iminyaka engama-70 ka nguJoachim wavakalisa umbulelo walo olunzulu umsebenzi wakhe yenkuthalo entsimini ukukhuthazwa ngokupheliswa ubukomanisi nezinye iintlobo totalitarianism.

Ukutshintsha izikhundla

Ngo-2000, uMkomishinala Federal kwizenzo zonke iinkonzo zokhuseleko elalisakuba GDR uba uMarianne Birthler. Gauck ushiye olu sikhundla, njengoko ngokomthetho oku khetha amaxesha hayi ngaphezulu kwe emibini kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu.

Ngowe-2001 waba lilungu leBhodi le "yaseYurophu Monitoring Centre Ubuhlanga kunye Xenophobia".

Ngo-2003, umongameli yangoku waseJamani wafumana ibhaso Bad Iburger Inkalipho-Preises amanyathelo nesibindi kakhulu. Kulo nyaka mnye wonyulwa usihlalo lombutho "Nxamnye zisabonakala -. Idemokhrasi"

Ngo-2004, Gauck iye yaphuculwa lo mboniso "iimvuthuluka sikweni", elingcwele kumaxhoba lwamaNazi Military Justice eTorgau.

Ngubani na umongameli Germany?

Ngo-2010, yena ibhatyi uMongameli German uHorst Kohler of ukudodobala ebantwini kunye norhulumente. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi babecinga ukuba umongameli ilungileyo kuba ukunyaniseka kwakhe nokunyamezelana.

Njengoko nembangi kwisikhundla sikaMongameli Gauck watyunjwa ngamaqela SPD kunye Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen. Nangona kunjalo, kumjikelo wesithathu yokuvota iyandoyisa Prime Minister of Lower Saxony Kristian Vulf.

Ngo-2012, ngokuya 991 iivoti, nguJoachim Gauck iphumelele Bute Klarsfeld kwaye abe nguMongameli eJamani.

mzuzu ekhethekile

"Yintoni ngeCawa omangalisayo," - wathi German asanda kunyulwa uMongameli Gauck ekuqaleni kwintetho yakhe emfutshane emva kokuba isaziso kweziphumo zonyulo. Ngoko nangoko wathi yena ufuna ingqalelo le mixholo eziphambili kunye nemiba ezibalulekileyo ukuze Europe kunye nehlabathi.

Phambi kokuba amalungu ndawonye epalamente kwi German Bundestag 23 Matshi 2012 Gauck wafungiswa.

uloyiso lakhe kakhulu akonwabi. Oku kuqinisekiswa kuphando olwenziwe ARD channel kamabonwakude, olufumene ukuba 80% baseJamani cinga nje ngokuba umntu ufanelwe sentembeko.

"Amandla emotional"

UMongameli German nguJoachim Gauck uye charisma. umbhali lakhe Gerd Langguth wathi Gauck - nguye lowo unako ukufikelela intliziyo wonke umntu kwintetho yakhe.

Ukuze agxininise uhlobo ayiqinisekanga, yena uzibiza i "endala leftist melo" okanye "ekhululekile ekhohlo elondoloza".

Sueddeutsche Zeitung uthi amandla wayo ophambili wokushumayela. Wongeze ngelithi ngamanye amaxesha ukuba umgangatho nakwiimvakalelo kuba nzima: "iingcinga zakhe kunye namagama kunye ngamanye amaxesha izenzo, kunzima kakhulu ukuqikelela. Kwaye kucaphukisa abanye abantu. "

iingxelo elimsulwa ukusuka uMongameli elinye lamazwe zinamandla ehlabathini, babe amaza olomeleleyo kude kwaye kungenzeka kuphela xa izimvo zabantu abaqhelekileyo, kodwa abemi kwamanye amazwe. UMnu Gauck iye yaba hero baseJamani amaninzi, kodwa inokuba hero ukuba ezinye "non-baseJamani", nawe!

Eyona eziphambili Iinjongo ze uMongameli

Kakade ke, eyona njongo iphambili uMongameli omtsha eJamani, kwakunye nezinye abezopolitiko, kukho ke olu uloyiso kweentliziyo zoluntu yaye engqina kubo ukuba urhulumente waseJamani - lizwe ezinekratshi yemeko layo, ingqibelelo kunye elubala. Ngapha koko, ezi mpawu ukuba ngoku uyibone ehlabathini, apho kwezopolitiko uhanahaniso wadlulisela uxanduva phezu kwabanye. Zonke iinkomfa Gauck rhoqo uthi eyona ndlela yophuhliso lizwe - kukunceda abo basweleyo nentlonipho nokunyamezelana.

Umongameli yangoku nayo uzama ukujongana ekunene-iphiko lukhuni. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ingqalelo kwezinye iindawo-siseko, elibhekisela ekuvalweni ngoko nangoko amaqela ezopolitiko egxininisa iingcinga iSocialism yeSizwe, ubukomanisi intiyo, oko ingakuqonda mthethweni NPD mbutho.

Iza kubonelela ngenkxaso enamandla amaqela ezopolitiko eJamani, kuquka CDU Merkel, kwaye nefuthe kuyingenelo ngomsebenzi wabo.

Kwaye umgomo wakhe yeyona ukuphuculwa yobudlelwane bezizwe kunye namanye amazwe, kuquka eUnited States, njengoko intloko lokugqibela karhulumente (Kristian Vulf) ekufikelelwa kulo mba akukho ziphumo.

angaphandle

Ngokutsho izazinzulu ezininzi zezopolitiko, nguJoachim Gauck iye ikwindlela wasekunene yokuziphatha nkqubo German amazwe. Eyona mpumelelo ibalulekileyo ukuthwala kwakhe kwixa clouding edlulileyo yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, intsebenziswano olomeleleyo noxolelwaniso kunye "abamelwane" geographical ukuzibophelela Germany ukuba Ukuhlanganiswa yaseYurophu, intsebenziswano oluthembekileyo kunye eUnited States, urhwebo free. Germany waba bakhetha ingqikelelo zokhuseleko ezisekelwe ekuhlonipheni amalungelo oluntu. Kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo - kukugcina ucwangco izithakazelo zabo ngaphandle xa iinguqu ezinkulu kwenzeka ehlabathini.

Ngokusekelwe kumava yayo ekukhuthazeni amalungelo oluntu kwaye ukuba ungowona mthetho wongameleyo waseJamani uthatha amanyathelo angqongqo ukulondoloza nokudala umyalelo esekelwe kwimigaqo yomthetho ye-European Union, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, NATO kunye kuMbutho. Gauck ozama kolawulo zenkohlakalo musa ukugubungela iziseko ulongamo karhulumente non-yokuphazamiseka inxaxheba kule nkomfa nokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe.

impilo Personal

NguJoachim Gauck watshata Gerhild Radtke Hansi ngo-1959, nangona ukuvalwa kayise. Eli bhinqa isithandwa sakhe ukususela ebuntwaneni, xa kuqala wadibana naye xa eneminyaka elishumi. Ngowe-1960 esi sibini ukuba umntwana wabo wokuqala - unyana, ngumKristu. Ngowe-1962, uMartin wazalwa ngo-1966 - intombi Gesine kunye Katharina - ngo-1979. Ekupheleni kuka-1980, zamaKristu, Martin and Gesine ukushiya eMpuma Jamani thutha eJamani. Nangona Katharina, njengomntwana, wahlala kunye nabazali bam.

Abantwana Gauck abajongene nokucalucalulwa bomelele yaye ahluthwe ilungelo lemfundo kwicala ulawulo lwamaKomanisi, kuba uyise wabo ngumfundisi. UNyana Christian ngo-1987 wemka Jamani ndafudukela eNtshona Jamani ukufunda amayeza. Ngenxa yoko, waba ngugqirha oqeqeshiweyo.

Ngowe-1990, nguJoachim owayo uthandana intatheli ukumfundela Hirsch - Warsaw kumnxulumanisi ngenxa ngeveki Die Zeit. Esi sizathu siphambili sokuba umtshato wakhe umfazi wakhe Gerhild. kweminyaka esibhozo kamva, ukumfundela wasala Gauk, kodwa akaphumanga ngokupheleleyo ubomi bakhe - ukuba umsebenzi we-Federal Mongameli umcebisi.

Okwangoku Gauck ophila Danielloy Shadt. usapho lwakhe ibandakanyeka kwimveliso ipeyinti kunye ivanishi, wagqiba ukufunda e Frankfurt / yintatheli Main. Waza waqala ukusebenza intloko yeSebe of Internal Affairs e «Nürnberger Zeitung». NoMongameli elizayo eJamani, wadibana ngo-2000 kwi intetho eNuremberg.

Emva kokuba umtshato wakhe Schadt wancama umsebenzi wakhe kwiphephandaba yaye wafudukela nomyeni wakhe eBerlin. Liyasixhasa ngokupheleleyo umyeni wakhe ekwenzeni kwezopolitiko kwaye wabelana uvuyo lwakhe - waba utatomkhulu ukuba abazukulwana bakhe abalishumi elinambini, enkulu-abazukulwana ezine.

Ukushwankathela, sinokugqiba ukuba abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ngokweemvakalelo nguJoachim Gauck (ifoto uchazwe apha ngasentla ukuqinisekisa it) iGunya yokuziphatha ukuba lonke eJamani. Rating "ophikisana owayesakuba" uyakhula - kwaba kuluntu German ukumila ngaphezu Kristian Vulf. Yena oyintsobi nto ngokusondeleyo ukuya revolution ngoxolo kwi GDR. Gauck balwa ngesibindi yaye ngenkalipho ngenxa yeenkolelo zakhe, usoloko uthetha ngokusuka entliziyweni, yaye oko akwenzileyo elungiselelwe amacandelo karhulumente wakhe, Ndingawulibali abemi balo.

Ngoko ke, siyazi ngoku ngubani umongameli eJamani - umfundisi yamaLuthere, itshantliziyo anticommunist kunye umntu nobubele kakhulu. uluntu German akulolize ingqalelo kuye umntu ofanelwe trust. iminyaka emininzi yamava kuya kumnceda ukuba ukuphumeza iinjongo elo lizwe enamandla, Germany kuye kuba ngcono.