Ummandla kwezoqoqosho Silk Road. Action Plan ukwakhiwa lommandla kuqoqosho Silk Road

China thaca amazwe mmandla yaseYurophu iprojekthi entsha nenika umdla ebizwa ngokuba 'ibhanti kwezoqoqosho Silk Road. " Akubalulekanga nje elinye kwiiprojekthi zoqoqosho omkhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingcamango iye yebhongo kakhulu. Umongo iphambili zesindululo kukuba bafuna ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano eyinzuzo kwixesha elide. ummandla we Silk Road iyavumelana ngokupheleleyo iintsingiselo zehlabathi jikelele malunga jikelele kwaye kufuneka sikhuthaze ukuhlangabezana amazwe kummandla yaseYurophu. ukuvezwa ekulindeleke ukuba amathuba ezoqoqosho yasebuRhulumenteni ukuthatha inxaxheba kule projekthi.

Njani ukuba kwaqala?

EPSHP nucleus nokucwangciswa SCO, leyo ekuqaleni ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa kwale projekthi ethile. Ukudibanisa ngamandla yaye ngokukhawuleza kuphuhliswa. Ngexesha i SCO tywa kancinane, kwathatha indlela entsha yophuhliso, kuye zibe zithabazi olutsha ongxamisekileyo yentsebenziswano phakathi kwala mazwe mabini. A indima enkulu kulo mba loluka eTshayina, njengoko wenza uMdali SCO ngo-2001 yaye ecetywayo idrafti indlela ngokwayo ngo-2013. Official Inkcazo-ntetho ngeprojekthi kwenzeka ku Kazakhstan, ngoSeptemba 7, 2013, ngexesha kwintetho kaMongameli Xi Jinping wanikela intetho eyunivesithi.

izenzo uqobo

Kakade ngoNovemba 29 isifundo le projekthi wathabatha i amalungu SCO esebenzayo. Ngomhla kummandla Tashkent kwaqhutywa intlanganiso 13 emgceni phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu, apho kuxoxwa imiba enxulumene ubambiswano yezothutho. Kungenxa kule ntlanganiso okokuqala kwimbali, yaye kwakukho abameli Central kunye naseMpuma Europe. Le ntetho wabangela kwisicwangciso INTSEBENZISWANO iminyaka emi-5. Ngokutsho iingcali, iya kuyilwa EPSHP imizi-24 abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo 8. September 26, 2014 at an iqonga kwezoqoqosho e Xi'an kuxoxwa imiba intsebenziswano utyalo-mali, kuye uxanduva yi yokuziqhelanisa lokumpompoza zotyalo-mali. Ngenxa yokungabikho capital angaphandle kwi-West, kukho imali ngokugqithiseleyo kubo Asia.

jikelele Okwenziwa: ngokwanelisa iimfuno kumazwe amaninzi ngexesha elinye

Ithemba othembisa ibhanti kwezoqoqosho Silk Road, ichazwa eziqhubekayo ehlabathini. Ikhuthaze indima yamazwe asakhasayo kwi "injini" yoqoqosho lwehlabathi sizoku lwisana imeko yasemva ntlekele. Kule imeko, ingxaki ochaphazela BRICS States. Russia udlala indima yokuba inkokeli kwindawo yaseYurophu. China uye uyilo kwisihloko senkokeli kwihlabathi Asia. Lizwe ubonisa umdla kuphuhliso kunye nozinzo Eurasia, ukulungele ngenkuthalo negalelo ukuphumelela mmandla. Ngaxeshanye, amanye amazwe aphuhlileyo (USA ne EU) ngokuthe avumele ngeengxaki yaye wenza nokunikezelwa izowuni ifuthe. Russia neChina akazange ngabom wakha up impembelelo yayo kule ngingqi. ummandla kwezoqoqosho Silk Road, ngokutsho uqikelelo preliminary, kufuneka zanelise iimfuno ngamnye ithi alale ecaleni kwawo.

Ukuvela kweenkokheli ezintsha kunye mandundu intsebenziswano

Le projekthi malilungiselelwe ukuvela iinkokeli elitsha, ekhokelela ekuveleni kwamaziko ezintsha esebenzayo lophuhliso loqoqosho. impembelelo Global kuxhaphaka izakusuka ekujongeni entshonalanga, nto ithe ngamaxesha anzima, empuma ukuba nempumelelo ebonakalayo. Iziko lehlabathi kophuhliso loqoqosho ngcembe eyayikuyo isithuba phakathi Eurasia kunye nommandla Asia-Pacific, nto leyo ekhokelela imfuneko izicwangciso ubambiswano olutsha. Tshintsha kweendawo yimpembelelo, kananjalo iimpawu impumelelo kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini, inyanzelisa amazwe amaninzi ukuzimanya kwimisebenzi yazo kwamanye amazwe. Umba iinkxalabo kuphela ukuyilwa lwabafowunelwa amatsha kwezoqoqosho, oko kunxulumene imibutho imali entsha. Kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka ukunceda ukusombulula iingxaki zehlabathi: impembelelo dollar uqoqosho phantse onke amazwe ehlabathini.

Ukwakhiwa "Silk Road"

Action Plan ukwakhiwa lommandla kwezoqoqosho Silk Road ibandakanya ikakhulu ukwakhiwa zeendlela amatsha nokuphucula esele ikhona. Inkqubo lokubhaliswa kuthungelwano lwezothutho iya kuphunyezwa kunye kusetyenziso lweeteknoloji ezintsha. Kwixesha elizayo, njengenxalenye liya kuba uthungelwano lwehlabathi emikhulu-high speed. Enyanisweni, China kwiminyaka yakutshanje wenze inkqubela ebonakalayo kule ndawo, waba yinkokheli kwihlabathi entsimini ukwakhiwa kwendlela. Namhlanje, ubuchwepheshe Chinese icetyelwe imveliso kumazwe angaphandle. Le projekthi ngokwawo iqhutywe China, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo kuya kwenziwa phantsi kweliso elibukhali eBeijing. Ukwakhiwa emikhulu kuya kukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezibonelelo. Endleleni izakuvela amaziko zengingqi. Kulindeleke ukuba ukwandisa umthamo lokucwangcisela kunye nokhenketho, ukuvela imisebenzi emitsha. Konke oku kuya kukhokelela ukohlulwa kunye ukuze denationalization yoqoqosho, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba uphuhliso kwimimandla.

Akukho ngokuhamba kwezinto ngaphambili okanye imigca amazwe

Buyisela ibhanti kwezoqoqosho Silk Road akayi kubophelela amazwe mmandla kuphela eTshayina naseRashiya. Kucetywa ukuba ukudibanisa kumazwe awahlukeneyo naseAsiya, kuya kuphela ukomeleza intsebenziswano kwinqanaba lengingqi. Umzekelo, i-SCO kukade icangcisiwe kwindlela sadalwa, idibanisa kunye namazwe afana Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan kunye Tajikistan. Umgaqo-nkqubo ofanayo esukelwayo kwi South eCaucasus. Kukho into eye ngempumelelo kugqitywa ukwakhiwa kaloliwe Baku-Akhalkalaki-Kars kaloliwe, nto leyo ibaluleke qhinga. zone Economic Silk Road, siya kubonelela ngezithuthi kunye nophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo, nto leyo eza kwandisa imihlaba zokubambisana aspect yorhwebo. Le meko eziluncedo ezithile China, nto leyo eyaziwa njengomnye nabavelisi inkulu ehlabathini. Ukukwazi ukuhambisa kumacala ahlukeneyo ziya kunika inkxaso eya ukuchuma kummandla wasempumalanga.

kwinkqubo yezemali kwaye hayi kuphela

Ngokutsho idrafti, leyo thaca eTshayina, zonke iindawo phakathi kwamazwe ngaphakathi kummandla luya kwenziwa hayi zeedollar, kunye lwemali kazwelonke. Eli gama kufuneka ibe kukuqinisekisa uzinzo kwezopolitiko kunye nokhuseleko loluntu. Kubalulekile ukuba le ngingqi, enizityelweyo ngoku nzima destabilization. Le projekthi iye amathuba ezilungileyo ngenxa yokuba ilizwe ekugqibeleni babe nethuba lokuba basebenzisane kanye kwakhona yiSoviet Union folokohlo eSoviet Union. Ababephila Uyakwazi ukujongha intshukumo translational phakathi kwamazwe. Edlala ezandleni zembali, ezenkcubeko kunye civilizational ukufana phakathi kwamazwe.

Le obungamaxwebhu inkalo ingxaki

Matshi 28, 2013 amaxwebhu, nto leyo esele yakhiwe imigaqo kunye eziphambili, ubambiswano phakathi sikhokelo EPSHP nezijolise ukuqinisa ubudlelwane kwinqanaba lengingqi, ezijolise msebenzi unzima ukwenzela ukuchuma elizayo thaca ngokusemthethweni. Eyona njongo iphambili yale projekthi - kukuvuselela ukungena noqoqosho, ukwabiwa kwezibonelelo, nokumanyaniswa kwimarike enzulu ngokomeleza ubudlelwane phakathi Asia, eAfrika naseYurophu. karhulumente ngasinye zingenza igalelo layo nibhinqe kwezoqoqosho Silk Road. Amaxwebhu asemthethweni ndibize kulungelelaniso amanyathelo kwezopolitiko, kuphuhliso amakhonkco lweziseko, kurhwebo simahla nokumanyaniswa zemali. China uceba ukusebenzisa iingenelo kwingingqi nganye nganye, ngokucwangcisiweyo ukwanda kwinqanaba ngaphaya ukuzamazamana ezinzulu zombini ngaphakathi elizweni kwaye kwinqanaba umlinganiswa ngamazwe. China ukulungele ukuphucula ngokukuko umxholo kunye nohlobo linge, bakwazi ukwenza iishedyuli ukuphunyezwa izicwangciso ukwenza ubudlelwane ikhadi elitsha namazwe inxaxheba. ekwakhiweni odibeneyo isicwangciso isenzo yapapashwa kwiintsuku nje ezintathu phambi komhla wokungeniswa kwezicelo ukuzibandakanya Utyalomali olubalulekileyo lweziseko kwiziko zemali Asia. Yiyo lo mbutho ngetyala iya inxaxheba ngemali iiprojekthi zezibonelelo lwengingqi.

Yintoni ekhethekileyo ngale projekthi na?

I 'ibhanti kwezoqoqosho Silk Road "- ngamazwi kwabayili yayo - hayi isekelwe qhinga neAfrika. EPSHP alinazo ne-European Union kunye Customs Union. Umongo ephambili ingcamango - a imiselweyo namaqabane, ulwalamano phakathi oluthi luqokelelane phezu kangangeenkulungwane. isivumelwano Iphepha ngaphakathi Union ayikho kubaluleke kangaka. ummandla kwezoqoqosho entsha Silk Road a awanyanzele nabani kwaye na nokunyanzelisa uhlanganiso. Le projekthi kufuneka ibe sisiseko ngentsebenziswano echumayo, kodwa hayi nesizathu ukuvela iingxabano ezintsha. Ukuba ujonga jikelele, China ukulungele ukuphumeza ukwakhiwa kweziseko kunye nokudala yenyaniso entsha kwezoqoqosho. China umdla ekufezekisweni ingcamango isekelwe umnqweno ukuphuhlisa imimandla esentshona yelizwe kwaye yandisa balance uqoqosho lwethu.

EPSHP ube liqonga Ukuhlanganiswa jikelele

ummandla kwezoqoqosho Silk Road kunye Maritime Silk Road akanguye sisiphumo namabhongo kuphela yezopolitiko. It is a uhlobo phambili yendalo yokuvuselelwa eTshayina. Le project yasungulwa elide phambi kokuba umzuzu kuwo, Xi wathi kwigosa. Chinese akwazi ukubamba mzuzu ukuqalisa ulwahlulelwano yengingqi, ngaphandle apho ihlabathi mihla, jikelele into nokungaphumeleli kwawo. Ngenxa ekomelezeni kwangethuba intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho kunye namandla kunye ithi Central Asia, China uye waba iziko EPSHP ngaxeshanye ukomeleza ubume ongenisa inkulu Russian.

zone Economic and Russia

It aliyeki ukuba zibonwe indawo amathuba ibhanti kwezoqoqosho Silk Road Russia. Intsebenziswano, kodwa kunoko, amathuba ayo kunye neendlela kuya kuxoxwa ngoMeyi 2015. Ukuba nokwenzeka yentsebenziswano phakathi kwala mazwe mabini mhlawumbi thethwana phakathi iintloko karhulumente kwixesha elizayo. INtetho kwintlanganiso kunokwenzeka weza evela uSekela Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov. Russia, nangona komhla wentlanganiso okwangoku amisiweyo, ubhengeze nenxaxheba yalo kule projekthi. ummandla kwezoqoqosho Silk Road, kwaye eRashiya kungabi kude kangaka, ukongeza, urhulumente unomdla amathuba amatsha kunye nezalathiso ezintsha nophuhliso kunye notyalo-mali.

Yiyiphi imisebenzi ziya kusombululeka?

Zithini izimvo ingcali? Ebhantini kwezoqoqosho Silk Road, bathi ukuba olwandulela ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi kuya kufuneka ukujongana nemingeni emininzi engundoqo. Le utshintshiselwano iimbono malunga nemiba yophuhliso kwezoqoqosho, ekufuneka ukunceda ukumisela iingongoma kusenokwenzeka zongquzulwano. kuphuhliso olucwangcisiweyo lweenkqubo nya kunye nesiqalo yokumanya kumazwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo izenzo ezopolitiko, ezomthetho nezoqoqosho. inkqubo yezothutho ehambayo kwixesha elizayo uya ukuqhagamshela United of Central Asia kunye neTshayina, uya ukuqhagamshela kummandla eAfrika naseYurophu. Kucetywa ukuba ngcembe yaye gqolo ukunciphisa uze ecaleni ngokupheleleyo izithintelo urhwebo notyalo-mali phakathi bonke abathathi-nxaxheba EPSHP. Oku kuya kudlala indima ephambili ukubhengezwa utyalo-mali norhwebo amandla yelizwe ngalinye.