Umjikelezo Product

imveliso ngempumelelo kunye nokuhanjiswa kweempahla kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ukususela iindleko izinto ekrwada kunye nesiphelo kunye nomgangatho izibhengezo. Ukuze kukhuthazwe imveliso kwi emarikeni uzuze kwayo yenzuzo, kufuneka wazi ukuba yintoni na umjikelo wobomi imveliso nendlela yokulawula ngayo.

Okokuqala, ndingathanda ukuba ukuchaza into yorhwebo. Osoqoqosho ichaza kuye ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na into ababandakanyekayo uhlobo ngenxa kwezinye izinto, kuquka imali.

Umjikelo wobomi imveliso - into ubude bexesha apho imveliso ipasisa inani elithile izigaba, ukusuka kuphuhliso, ukuvela kwi kwimarike, ngomnyango ngokupheleleyo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kwezinye iimeko, useke emarikeni, imveliso engekho yokuthengisa, kwaye liphela. Kule meko, umjikelo wobomi imveliso zero.

Kukho imiqathango ethile ezibonakalisa oko isigaba kungoku nje impahla:

• inzuzo;
• imali;
• ixabiso;
• iindleko;
• inventri.

Ngokusekelwe ubukho ubukhulu Isalathisi naleyo zigaba 4 umjikelo wobomi imveliso. imithombo ezohlukeneyo amagama ahlukeneyo, kodwa, enyanisweni, akukho ezahlukeneyo.

1. Intshayelelo. Abathengi ukuvavanya umgangatho imveliso entsha, ixabiso, njl Njengomgaqo, intengiso ezincinane kunye ikhula kancinci. Eli xesha luphawulwa ukudodobala kwezigqibo, njengoko iindleko ngaphaya ingeniso.
2. Growth. Abathengi ngenkuthalo bethenga iimpahla. Inzuzo iqala ukwandisa kakhulu.
3. Ukukhula. Ixesha kakhulu izinzile. Izinga kwinkampani ukuthengisa kwathotha. Le mveliso iye iphumelele indawo yayo emarikeni kunye nabathengi rhoqo. Gain jikelele stably phezulu. Ngeli xesha, ingakumbi umngcipheko iimveliso kukhuphiswano.
4. Recession. inzuzo sinciphile kunye neentengiso. Ngaphandle nawaphi na amanyathelo engxakeko (intengiso, utshintsho ukupakishwa, izaphulelo, njl) imveliso kungekudala kufuneka lirhoxe kwegazi.

Ingcamango Umjikelo wobomi lwemveliso, wasekwa ngo-1965, kakuhle eyaziwa yezoqoqosho of the American Teodorom Levitom. Baye kuqala kuchazwe ngokucacileyo izizathu nayiphi na impahla yorhwebo kufuneka ashiye imarike:

1. Ngenxa kuphuhliso inzululwazi, iindlela ezintsha iimpahla fashion kuba awungeni ndawo kuthengwe entsha, ukuphuculwa.
2. Umjikelo wobomi Product yahlulwe ngamaxesha eziliqela, iyileyo usombulula iingxaki ezithile, iingxaki.
3. isigaba ngasinye linophawu kwinqanaba elithile yenzuzo.
4. Kukho izicwangciso ezithile kwimveliso, ezezimali, ezentengiso, ulawulo lwemicimbi yabasebenzi, ejolise ngqo kwisigaba ngamnye ngamnye zomjikelo wobomi imveliso.

Ngokufuthi, umthamo intengiso ixhomekeke nje kuphela umgangatho iimpahla ukususela izicwangciso zokuthengisa ukufunda nokubhala kwaye ekrelekrele. Ngoncedo lwabo kunokwenzeka ukwandisa umjikelo wobomi imveliso kwaye ufumane ingeniso efunekayo.

Kwinqanaba lokuqala (intshayelelo), umsebenzi ophambili ukuba nayiphi na inkampani - market umthondo. Ngenxa inqanaba lomsebenzi ixabiso kunye nokukhuthaza, ungasebenzisa nkqubo-qhinga zilandelayo:

1. Ukungena Slow - ixabiso Low, ukukhuthazwa engasebenziyo.
2. Fast ukungena - ixabiso elisezantsi, inxaxheba ekukhuthazeni.
3. ukukrwaqula Rapid - ixabiso liphezulu, ukukhuthazwa esebenzayo kakhulu.
4. ukukrwaqula Slow - ixabiso liphezulu, ukukhuthazwa engasebenziyo.

Kwisigaba sesibini (ukukhula), inkampani ujolise ukomeleza indawo iimpahla kunye ithuba lokuphumelela kwintsimi entsha. Iya kuba ezi nkqubo-qhinga zilandelayo ngempumelelo:

1. intengiso entsha.
2. Ukuphucula umgangatho kwempahla, yotshintsho.
3. iimveliso Issue ezinxulumene, uluhlu ukwanda, uphuhliso imifuziselo ezintsha.

Inqanaba lesithathu (ukuqola) kukuba ukwamkela yenzuzo. Eli xesha luphawulwa kulandelayo:

1. Le ukulwa okhuphisana.
2. Ukuze afumane inzuzo.
3. Ukwanda imithamo imveliso.
4. Ukwanda kwimida.

Isigaba sesine (recession) sesokugqibela. Impahla kungashiywa, ukuba oko kuyimfuneko ukuze kukhuthazwe into entsha. Ezi nkqubo-qhinga zilandelayo:

1. utyalo-mali okwehlileyo okanye kwisigaba-ngaphandle kwemveliso lutho.
2. utyalo-mali Ukwanda ukomeleza indawo yayo kwimarike okhoyo.
3. Ukushiywa imveliso yemveliso endala, ukuthengiswa asethi ezisisigxina kunye nenzuzo.