Umbutho kumazwe Cooperation lezoQoqosho noPhuhliso. OECD kunye nemisebenzi yayo

UMbutho for Economic Cooperation and Development ngumbutho wamazwe ngamazwe amaninzi kumazwe zaphuhliswa ukuze ukuphinda-nkqubo oqhelekileyo yaseYurophu phantsi kwephiko ngokuqaliswa ekuthiwa-Marshall Plan. Cinga icacisa isakhiwo esisiseko kunye nokusebenza.

Marshall icebo

Ngoko ke, yayisele iqalile kwakude kudala 1948 kwi-sikhokelo yesicwangciso ebekwe kwanyakenye kuNobhala US of State George Marshall. Njengoko yaziwa, umphumo Second World War waba lokwehla kwezoqoqosho kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ke ukuba eSoviet Union ukuba bamelane ngokwabo, ukuba sisondelelane of ngenqindi yakhe yentsimbi uzwilakhe, eYurophu zisala zonakele kwaye ngelo xesha kwakukho isakhiwo kakhulu iyachithwa.

Ubukhulu becala, imbali ludilike iqala apha. I-International Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development engekamithwa eUnited States nje ilikhubalo lokunyanga ukugula post-imfazwe, wawa phezu eYurophu. Ngowe-1948 eParis kwakukho intlanganiso abameli 16 kumazwe Western aseYurophu. An into umdla kukuba iinkokeli bakhe babemenyiwe kumazwe aseMpuma Yurophu. Noko ke, urhulumente waseSoviet athatyathwe oku njengento esisisongelo ngokomdla wabo yaye akazange avumele ukuba baye kule ntlanganiso.

nekhethini intsimbi

Amalungu okuqala of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - kukuthi, Kakade ke, eUnited States, nakwamanye amazwe aseNtshona Yurophu, apho, kunye noncedo-mali evela kwicala American ngokungqinelana Marshall sanikwa. Ezi zibandakanya i-United Kingdom, eFransi, eItali, West Germany nase-Netherlands. La mazwe ukufumana infusions imali kakhulu, yaye ukuze yokunciphisa imali yemali imali US kubo. Nangona kunjalo, le meko ingundoqo imiyalelo cash flow baseMerika wabeka nokuphelisa kwemiyalelo iqela kula mazwe naluphi na utyekelo yobukomanisi. Ngenxa yoko, i-United States waqalisa ukulawula kuqulunqo lwemigaqo of Western Europe. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba kukomeleza yamazwe ngxabano yezopolitiko kule awodwa ngokuchasene eSoviet Union kunye amazwe namkela ngenxa kwicandelo kwemfazwe phantsi kwempembelelo wamva.

US iinzuzo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) yi umdla ngqo vested US, kuba ngale ndlela bayakwazi ngokukhalipha utyalo isixa esikhulu semali nje kuphela - iidola ngaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi, kodwa sikwancedela ukuthengisa iimveliso zezolimo, nto leyo kakhulu kuyimfuneko kuba lizwe, ibhuqekile; ingakumbi ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso yokutya. Ngomhla neemfuno zamazwe-nxaxheba le manyano ukunika indlela zokuvelisa bathumela zorhwebo, njengoko kule minyaka yemfazwe eUnited States bakwazi ukuyila umthamo omkhulu onjalo kwemveliso surplus. Ngenxa yoko, le ncedo kuye kwabangela ukuxhomekeka ngakumbi kwi Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development of eUnited States.

Uphuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa i-OECD

Xa 60s-nxaxheba iye yandiswa kwaye oko kuyaqhubeka akubuyi unanamhla. UMbutho for Economic Cooperation and Development uye ngoku amalungu 34. Izinze e Paris, kunye nebhunga lolawulo ibhodi abameli yamazwe inxaxheba. Zonke izenzo nelisebenza ngamalungu ayo, kunye nophuhliso naziphi na izigqibo ezenziwe ngokusekelwe isivumelwano. Dwelisa amazwe Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Ukongeza amalungu ekhankanywe ngaphambili ngenxa 2015 kubandakanywa: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Hungary, Greece, Denmark, Sirayeli, Ireland, Iceland, Spain, Canada, Luxembourg, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey eFinland, Czech Republic, Chile, eSwitzerland, eSweden, Estonia, South Korea ne-Japan.

umsebenzi

Eyona misebenzi iphambili of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development kukulungelelanisa kunye nemisebenzi okuhlalutya kwezi nkalo zilandelayo: imali ngokungekho semthethweni, okanye mandithi, ukulwa le meko, ukongeza, ukuba kwezithandani ka lokubaleka ukuhlawula irhafu, ukunyoba, ubuqhetseba, kunye neminye imiba yobudlelwane emali phakathi yezentlalo ezahlukeneyo.

Enyanisweni, kuba liqonga thethwano olumacala phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu kwi miba ikhankanywe ngasentla. It yenza iingcebiso amalungu ombutho lokujongana nemingeni eyahlukeneyo yezoqoqosho ukuba nazo kwisakhelo uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho endaweni yayo.

imbali yanamhlanje

UMbutho for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osoloko ucinga izindululo malunga sobulungu esivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo avela ehlabathini lonke. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1996, iingxelo ezinjalo bafaka kumazwe eBaltic neRashiya, kodwa bonke bala. Kwaba kuphela ngo-2010 e-Estonia, kwathiwa kuvumeleka ukuba azibandakanye womanyano.

Ngowe-2005, loo nto ucinga ukwamkelwa manyano eTshayina. Yonke le nto yaqala kunye nezindululo nguNobhala-Jikelele we-OECD, wathi ngexesha lakhe, amazwe afana ePortugal naseSpeyin, eziye bachuma ubuzwilakhe yakhe, zamkelwe njengamalungu mbutho. Ukongeza, iimeko ezopolitiko musa kuyiphazamisa imicimbi yezoqoqosho. Ngokutsho kwakhe, China anoqoqosho ethembisayo emhlabeni wonke. It Uyamhlangula umthamo omkhulu ngentsimbi kwimarike yehlabathi. Kunye eziluncedo ezininzi ezibonisiweyo OECD nguNobhala-Jikelele ukuxhasa ingcamango. Noko ke, ndaba kodwa usonjululwe. Noko ke, kukho abathile inkqubela DPRK, njengoko Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development unikwe ithuba ukujonga imeko lizwe. Oko idla njengomanduleli ekungeneni karhulumente kula manqanaba i-OECD.

Russia kunye OECD

ubudlelwane ukuxakeka xhuma ilizwe lethu kunye OECD. Lo mba wakhuliswa eRashiya ngowe-1996, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe. Okokuqala, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukwala ngokuqinileyo ngenxa umsantsa omkhulu imigangatho yelizwe of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Oku kuthintela kubunkokheli be-Russian Federation ukuba aqhubeke alwele ukuba umba.

Ezi zenzo ziye zakhokelela ekubeni kwagqitywa ngo-2007 ukuqala iingxoxo yobulungu yeGuidelines OECD. Inyathelo elibalulekileyo kweli cala yaba ukuqaliswa Russia World Trade Organization ngo-2012. Eli banga elandelayo isibhengezo kwentloko OECD ukuba ngo-2015 Russia uyothatha ubulungu of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ekwenzeni zonke iimeko eziyimfuneko. Noko ke, oku akuzange kwenzeke. Ngaphezu koko, olu didi kwabhengezwa ukuba isigqibo ngalo mba elinye ngokungenammiselo. Ngoko ke ukulinda thina, abameli inkcubeko, nokuba mathathu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ayinambango nayiphi na impembelelo Western phezu kwethu.

isiphelo

Umbutho wadala njengendlela ukunceda kutshatyalaliswa emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II eYurophu, eyakhelwe ukuzithemba United States iinkokeli zezopolitiko, ekugqibeleni fumene iimpawu self-ukuphuhlisa kunye self-elawula uqoqosho Union inkulu planethi, esenza okulungileyo behlabathi. Eneneni, imibuzo ukuphelisa lokubaleka ukuhlawula irhafu, ukunyoba nokonakala kufuneka iqwalaselwe. Kwaye nangona la yobudlelwane kwabantu zimilile enzulwini sezingqondweni zabantu Noko ke, nkqu umzamo loo mbandela intlonelo. Ngokubanzi, indawo mbutho Kuyakhuthaza ukuba uluntu luya ukumelana neengxaki kwezoqoqosho ngenxa iinzame ezibambeneyo onke amazwe emhlabeni ngo kwicala yokusombulula kubo.