Imibutho zoqoqosho International - elihle okanye isenzeko esibi hlabathi?

Le kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini wabona nje kuphela inkqubela esebenzayo lwenzululwazi nobugcisa. intsebenziswano Global kunye nokwahlula lilonke ihlabathi yakhokelela ukuvela kunye nophuhliso iziganeko ezifana nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kwezoqoqosho, apho ixabiso kubonwa elula antsonkothileyo naziingcali ngokufanayo.

Umongo isenzeko

Imibutho zoqoqosho International ukulunga namhlanje ngendlela enamandla ukuphembelela lizwe. Kwaye akukho kangako yaye hayi kuphela-ekuthiwa "asakhasayo", kodwa ke kuphuhliswa ihlabathi. Ukuze siqonde indlela yokuzalisekisa nomphumela kufuneka zifake ubuntu babo.

Ngoko ke, into yokuqala kukuthi ngokuphathelele kule mibutho - kukuba bangabathathi-nxaxheba ngokuzeleyo wezangaphandle. Le meko inikwa yi yokuba nokudaleka likarhulumente, ziye zavuma ukuba zithathe inxaxheba, ukudlulisela inxalenye enxulumene kwinkalo yezoqoqosho sifo lombutho ntsha. Kwaye, ngoko, le mali kunye noqoqosho jikelele imibutho banelungelo lokuba kukho amaziko ezizimeleyo ukukhuthaza iimfuno zabo phakathi sikhokelo owamiselwa amaxwebhu abasemthethweni (iindibano, izibhengezo okanye charter) iinjongo.

Nangona kunjalo, kwelinye icala, le mibutho ukubeka ethile lokona, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka bathwale uxanduva ngezenzo zabo, kungakhathaliseki nobungakanani umonakalo.

Njengoko umthetho, yonke uluhlu amagunya kunye nemisebenzi abelwe abaqhubi ephambili yomthetho ngamazwe - States - kwizenzo ezizodwa yendalo lo mbutho. Kwakhona, kukho zixeliweyo iimeko okungathetha ukudilizwa eentlangano ezinjalo.

Iindidi novavanyo ukubaluleka

Iingcali Sigxininisa ukuba imibutho ngamazwe zemali kunye nezoqoqosho namhlanje zahluke kakhulu kwicandelo yempembelelo. Ngoko ke, ukubeka jikelele ezizodwa.

Le perile ye kudidi lokuqala imibutho efana kuthathwa ukuba World Trade Organisation, nguye WTO. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oko kuphela ingqalelo kakhulu nempembelelo kwinkalo yezoqoqosho. Enyanisweni, lo WTO lisibeka imithetho "umdlalo" kwinkalo bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, iinkonzo kunye norhwebo, kungekhona nje babonise amandla abo.

Umbutho yesibini jikelele usebenza njengoko UN Economic and Social Council (eyaziwa ngokuba kwiBhunga lezoQoqosho nezeNtlalo leZizwe eziManyeneyo). umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukucebisa ilizwe kwimiba yezoqoqosho. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, ngokungafaniyo WTO, oko kuquka zonke inkqubo ezisisiseko kwezoqoqosho, ngokuba Iingcebiso kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwe data ngelizwe elithile.

UMbutho for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD kuba), efana kowangaphambili, sicacisa thethwano kunye nohlobo zenzululwazi. Isiseko umsebenzi wayo kukuba kukunika ingcaciso malunga ukwakha uqoqosho emarikeni. Kwaye, ngoko ke, akazange acinge kwimisebenzi yayo, onke amazwe kunye bonke kuqoqosho ezinkulu.

Ukongeza umelo yenqununu, zikhona eyodwa ebizwa ukuba kulungiswe imibuzo zojoliso emxinwa, ezifana WIPO kunye OPEC. Ngaphandle narrowness yenjongosenzi umsebenzi, imibutho yoqoqosho lwehlabathi ukuphembelela ngokukuko-nkqubo kwamaxabiso ehlabathini esebenzayo ingakumbi OPEC.

Iingcali ngokwahlukileyo ukwaba amaziko ezemali amazwe ngamazwe, eziphambili kuzo i-IMF kunye Bank yeHlabathi.

International Bank (MB) - iziko ekhethekileyo yezimali ukuba iliso kwaye ilawula nentshukumo wezemali kunye neempembelelo kwabo umgangatho wempilo yabemi. It iqulathe kwezakhiwo ezintlanu ezingundoqo, iindidi umsebenzi ezingundoqo leyo kuthathwa ukuba babe mboleko kunye nokubeka esweni imeko yotyalo-mali kumazwe - amalungu azo.

IMF - isakhiwo ezizodwa, umgaqo esisiseko apho umsebenzi of 'mboleko kutshintshiselwano ukuba kubekho utshintsho. " Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nefuthe mkhulu kwicandelo zemali nje IMF, ingakumbi ngokuphathelele kumazwe asaphuhlayo.

Njengoko kubonakala, imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kwezoqoqosho namhlanje ngokwenene sisixhobo esinamandla ukuphembelela kuphuhliso kwisigaba kwezoqoqosho. Ngokukodwa, eli lungiselelo usebenza WTO kunye IMF, ogama indima sele kudala wavela thethwano ukuqinisekisa izixhobo zophuhliso eziyimfuneko.