Umbongo Junker Lermontov kunye Ucalulo olufutshane

imisebenzi Lermontov yakhe, ebhaliweyo kule minyaka ayichitha esikolweni ngodaba, ngenkankulu yaziwe ngabantu abaninzi. Iinkcukacha zobomi bakhe umsebenzi ngeli xesha yamkelwe ukuxoxa, okanye ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba yokungcoliswa imemori ye kubungqondi eliqaqambileyo iincwadi Russian. Ngelo xesha, ke ngoko, ukuba zabhalwa le ngodaba mbongo odumileyo Lermontov! "Goshpital" "Peterhof holiday" yaye "Ulanshu" iisampuli style aphezulu eZiphiwo kubiza nokuba a elula, kodwa ukuba aphoswe ngaphandle ilifa imbongi ayihambi - Isiphelo sakhe le yeCadet "pranks" watsho kwiminyaka emininzi kamva.

ulutsha uzilahle

Ukufundisisa e St. Petersburg University, kwinguqu esa University Moscow, ngoko buyela emva eSt Petersburg - irhashalala izenzo ulutsha akakhathazeki. Ukujula phakathi kwamaziko emfundo zeengqukuva mabini ayikapheli zamisa Lermontov zesikolo Guards kunye kabini amahashe, apho kwanyanzeleka ukuba ngo-1832. Le intlanganisela yeemeko, iinkolelo Petersburg izalamane -. Yaye ngoku M. Yu Lermontov esikolweni ngodaba. ixesha Romantic ubomi wabashiya ngasemva.

Inkqubo yezemfundo kwi-kabini wayexakeke kakhulu, kunye drill ijoni wenza abafana inkululeko-ngothando iintsapho atyebileyo hayi ngendlela engcono - kwaye lonke ixesha ivideo abantu babo abalichitha binges zobuntwana kunye yayeka. Kule mihla ezinjalo kukuzingca iya kubabiza de-uxinezeleko, kuloo minyaka ingqondo oselula zingawucongi ezincinane kuneyethu, ngodaba ukuba igama kungekuphela nje yokuzibhubhisa.

Iminyaka ithuba ezilahlekileyo

Lo mfana ababhala eneminyaka engama-17 kumbongo wakhe wokuqala brilliant - "Angel", oko kuyimfuneko, Ilibale ukuba ucingisise imifanekiso zothando, ukuba njengaye wonke. Lermontov, nangona ubuthathaka linye strong kakhulu ezandleni zakhe - wagoba zokucoca intonga yesinyithi, nokubophelela ngeqhina, eqhula. Le amandla, ukukwazi ukuba baqambe ngokulula epigrams satirical, netalente yokuluka Lermontov wanceda wayedume phakathi kabini ngenxa unesibindi yabo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, enqabeni yomkhosi amanye kwakungeyomfuneko ububhanxa bakhe zothando - amaqabane bafuna izibongo nekrwada, erhabaxa, hayi sigutyungelwe lihlazo. Kwakufuneka kwimibongo ngodaba. Lermontov encyclopedia zizizalise kwakhona ngaloo minyaka kwaba umbongo. Ezi "Ulansha", "Peterhof holiday", "Goshpital" - akukho nto kodwa umboniso zephonografi kabini ubomi benene. Dear Lermontov, Pushkin kwakhona wabhala umbongo olusondeleyo ngokuphandle, kodwa ke abasondeleyo, Kuthe ke, zisaya Lermontov. Iminyaka emibini kule nto esikolweni imbongi ebalaseleyo wadala - ebomini bakhe ezimfutshane ngenkohlakalo ezilahlekileyo ixesha.

OyiNgcwele isilima

Nangona kude ukuziphatha onesidima kabini, ezinye maxesha okuba singazi biography of Lermontov bathi izikhulu waye igazi laba bantu abatsha. Michel baqubuda uninakhulu imbongi wakhe - E. A. Arseneva - akazange akwazi ukuhamba naye yedwa. Yokuqesha indawo yokuhlala kwigumbi kufuphi nesikolo, wafudukela kumfana lowo, uxanduva yekabani na ukuba kuvuka ntsasa nganye, nene yakhe Wayesoyika sisoyika kwimizuzu embalwa phambi kokuba isikolo ukunyuka drumbeat kunzima okubi nafuthe psyche yakhe, ukuba aye kwalusa zonke iintlobo izitya. Zaziswa ngodaba bokungabi nazintloni imibongo Lermontov amaqabane babesazi xinakulobye umakhulu wam ngenxa imbongi, kodwa ithenda akazange into sisigculelo yabo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ulwalamano phakathi nomzukulwana noninakhulu Junkers abaselula waqonda phantse njengengcwele. Ayephila imbongi, omnye bonke, qaphela ukuba ngasentla abazali Lermontov baye bavumela ukuba ukudlala iqhinga phezu uninakhulu - naphakade.

Kuphikisana kwiimvavanyo ezaziphila

Abantu bomthonyama yesikolo ngodaba, nto leyo ekuhambeni kwexesha yaye waphuma phantsi kwimbali kuba babefunda kunye Lermontov, nolinika uvavanyo kakhulu ezahlukeneyo ukuzalana imbongi nabanye ofunda nabo, ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuchaza njengomntu. Kwaye oku kwakhona nomzila ukuba Lermontov wabhala ngaloo minyaka. Yena ekuhleni intlekisa onke amagama abanye ngonaphakade ebotshelelwe vesi bakhe kunye neminyaka kwimibongo ngodaba. Phakathi kwabo Tizengauzen, nto leyo lunikezelwa yokuphatha idilesi omnye umbongo odumileyo, Shahovsky, Polivanov, Prince Baryatinsky ... Last bazinikela umbongo! Njani intethelelo Lermontov "Goshpital", apho umthetheli ilifa esikolweni ngodaba eyaziwayo kule migca ilandelayo: "Ke kwamnika le eziqhumayo iwayini begilana mntanam prince wethu; Wamzama kwikroba - iza nangecesina, izandla zakhe ebambe eyakhe ... ". ibali engaphezulu malunga adventures oyinganga yimbi. Kulo bali Baryatinsky, baphupha kuqubisana olusondeleyo sicakazana oselula, ebumnyameni, bedidekile kuyo ixhegokazi atsibe ngaloo zonke angathabatheki namonde bubutsha. Ngenkankulu efana nobuqaqawuli obu enikiweyo Prince Junker umbongo Lermontov, ukuba akwazi kuzala engqondweni yakhe Iinkumbulo isifundo ehlangeneyo.

omaziyo ebulalayo yesikolo ngodaba

Kwafa abantu ekuqaleni kuka-1834 (ibango ofunda Lermontov ngayo ukuba ubusika) esikolweni wagqiba ukupapasha ijenali ngesandla "isifingo School". waphuma ngoLwesithathu. Zonke ngeveki wonke umntu ukubhala into ayefuna, wabeka ngqangi yakhe edroweni amiselweyo enye amacwecwe yokulala. ngoLwesithathu, ezi yesandla athungwe kwaye emva koko zaye funda ngokuvakalayo. Umbhali ithandwayo "School esifingo," lowo, Kakade ke, Lermontov. Junker umbongo Lermontov ayikwazanga kupapashwa kweli phephancwadi, kodwa ukususela kumaphepha yesikolo ngeveki baye baziwa kakuhle kuzo zonke kabini ababefunda kunye Lermontov. Enye galelo rhoqo magazini namnye ngaphandle UNikolai Martynov - bamqalekisa umbulali lethu elikhulu yimbongi.

In "bavume," bakhe wabhala Martynov emva obethe esibulalayo, uzama ukucacisa, kutheni e Pyatigorsk Lermontov wabiza Kungquzulwano, kutheni angaphosi. Izithuko eyenziwe ngazo ukususela kwisikolo ngodaba, ndingabuyi ndishiye uphawu lwabo apha - Martynov andizange ndizilibale iziqhulo ezonakeleyo ngokwakhe yimbongi.

ukuba uncensored Junker

Mhlawumbi Martynov yaye nesizathu ukuba ucatshukiswe Lermontov, kodwa okuninzi kula iziseko beziye amagama abakhankanywe imisebenzi wembongi. amagama abo zidweliswe ngasentla, kodwa ezinye izibakala abapase kulo mbongo kabini yobomi bemihla ngemihla "ode ukuya kwindlwana," uthethe ngale babi zokuziphatha nokuba abantu abaninzi abavela kwiintsapho amanene. Ukuba umsebenzi elifutshane "Ku Tizengauzenu" Lermontov wabhala kwezinye: "Musa Vod iliso languid kunjalo, ngeenxa ... ayikho nkqo, voluptuousness kunye vice ngabom musa Baqhula ...", i "ode ukuya kwindlwana," imbongi ngokuphandle ukwazisa abafundi malunga eqhelekileyo phakathi abafana zobufanasini . Yintoni ngodaba Lermontov umbongo okanye imibongo kuloo minyaka phelisa ingxenye elandelayo wonakalise yezityhilelo? Ngaphandle "Junker xikhongelo" wakhe - ukuba baye bangena yingqokelela isuntswana ngokusesikweni ingqalelo kuloo minyaka mibini Lermontov lwemisebenzi yoncwadi ebhalwe nguye (ukususela 1832 kude th-1834) ukuba imbongi elichithwa esikolweni. nemibongo yakhe frivolous zange ishicilelwe, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo.

Udumo ubuqaqawuli ukungavumelani

Ukuba iintliziyo abathile afunda sivuthwe nokukhula sisithuko lobuqu, amabali ngokuphandle ekukhanyeni abo abamagama angabhalwanga kubonakala ngemisebenzi wembongi, wadlala ngaye jikelele igama elibi, wanika ukunyuka yobandlululo kwiintliziyo zabantu angaphandle ngokupheleleyo ukuba imbongi. oyise Noble bathe qwa bagadile ukuya kwi iibhola kunye namatheko wempangelo okanye neentombi zabo okanye nabafazi Imbongi enzima close - nto leyo ikhokelele ngaphaya uzuko yesikolo umbhali nekrwada poemok umbhali "uHero Ixesha Wethu" eyonakeleyo. Kodwa ke imbonakalo kumaphepha iimagazini lwenqila Pechorin kwangoko ukuyisusa na igama elibi ezingqondweni baseRashiya, ke olwawuhlwayelayo wona Junker umbongo Lermontov. Ezibhaliweyo kwi ukufa kumbongo Pushkin kaThixo "Ukufa a Imbongi" ngandlel kwatshintsha amava jikelele, kodwa ekugqibeleni vula ukuya ingqalelo lokwenene uMikhail Yurevich consummated kuphela emva kokuba zikhutshiwe "uHero Ixesha Wethu". Zazingekho na iminyaka, izinto ezininzi ziye zenzeka phambi ekukhanyeni "Ulibele" kukunyaba boyish Lermontov.

Hayi kuphela kubomi bemihla ngemihla

Lermontovedov athi umbongo emangalisayo "Haji Abrek" kwakunye njengomnye kwiintlelo zeli "yiDemon" zabhalwa nje kule minyaka yokufunda esikolweni ngodaba. Amaqabane, imbongi ukuba ngokufuthi emva sekhaya Lermontov waya kwiiklasi ezikude yaye kukho ixesha elide cwaka kunye sodwa wabhala. Omnye afumane uluvo lokuba isikolo wahlala Lermontov ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: imini, kwaba ngodaba esiqhelekileyo, hayi ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlavini ezifana kunye basenokuyithandabuza (kungoko poemki yayo engaphucukanga), yaye ebusuku ukuba uguqulwe ngokwawo - enomzimba, abasesichengeni, ezele romanticism kunye iimvakalelo intliziyo. Kukholelwa ukuba "uIshmayeli Bey" olwaqaliswa emva e Moscow, wagqitywa nje kule minyaka yokufunda esikolweni ngodaba. Ngelo xesha waqalisa umsebenzi kwi inoveli "Vadim", nto leyo iye ekugqibeleni. Kuyancomeka ukuba imibongo amagosa kunye umbongo kweminyaka Lermontov kamva libunile kwimvelaphi imisebenzi enikelwe abawuthandayo Caucasus wabo, abahambahambayo ebhadula ezinye izihloko njengofanelwe yintlonelo.

Ukuziphindezela, evaliweyo ngokuhamba kweminyaka

Total ubukho kangangeminyaka emibini esikolweni, kodwa ngaphambi kokufa imbongi walandela loo misebenzi ngokuphandle kwimibongo babandibambisayo bakhe. Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, mbongo ngodaba Lermontov kaThixo Oku kubonisa ubomi iintloni abantu ngokoqobo. Ke amadoda amabini kwabo wayefunda imbongi esikolweni, wadlala ebomini indima yakhe obulalayo. It Martynov (incazelo ekhethekile apha akukho mfuneko) kunye Baryatinsky (intiyo yakhe Lermontov wakhula kule minyaka kuphela). Negalelo kule imbongi oluthandayo eCaucasus.

Lermontov wayedla watyelela Pyatigorsk, apho ebefudula ekhona bezisa ekhaya umntwana makhulu. Yintoni Baryatinsky ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokukhululwa ukusuka esikolweni waba yalelani intsimi, irhuluneli eCaucasus isondela kuKhesare, ukuze uqonde ukuba emva kwakhe amakhoboka warhana malunga nokuziphatha kwakhe yamanyala ngonaphakade zicaciswa gca kwi notorious "Goshpitale"? Kwaye ke kukho kunye Lermontov ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha phambi kwamehlo iyasondela. Kakade ke, Baryatinsky amandla amandla akhe njengoko enokwenzakalisa umsebenzi phambili yimbongi. Ezi pranks ngodaba obulalayo.

Konke ukutyeba kule minyaka mithathu idluleyo

Ukwakhiwa imibongo yokuqala Lermontov, abhaliweyo kule minyaka yokuqala ubuchule abazi, kunye nesimbo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu. Bona ukuchaphazeleka phantse olupheleleyo ifomu kunye ezininzi epithets ngamatshamba. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha ezinye imibongo kungabonwa amabalengwe ngqondi elizayo, kodwa abaphengululi zoncwadi Sikholelwa ukuba eyona yonke into yenziwe yi Lermontov, awawubhalayo ukususela 1838 ukuya kwiminyaka 1841 - yokugqibela ebomini bakhe. Thile ngaphandle sidalwe 1831 "Angel" kwi 1837th "Ukufa imbongi."

Kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo kwakukho "makhwelo", zokugqibela (wesibhozo) magazini "Le demon", "uHero Ixesha Wethu". italente Lermontov kaThixo phambili ngokukhawuleza. Akunamsebenzi nokuba kangakanani wayebhale kwixesha elizayo, ukuba wadubula isikolo ngodaba naye?