Umbhali Marietta Shahinian: engobomi, ubuchule, olunomdla

Umbhali Soviet Marietta Shahinian kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona ababhali yokuqala yenzululwazi Russian ngexesha lakhe. Intatheli kunye nombhali, yimbongi yekhasi, lo mfazi unesiphiwo lombhali kunye nobuchule umona. It Marietta Shahinian, imibongo ngexesha ebomini bakhe aye ithandwa kakhulu, ngokutsho abagxeki, wenze igalelo layo ebalaseleyo kwisihobe Russian-yiSoviet ye elinethoba kade kunye nasekuqaleni omabini.

Kwaziwe ngokuthi umbhali kunye opeyintayo avela indalo. Xa umntu omnye indibaniselwano elimangalisayo kwetalente banxanelwe ubomi, ukunxanelwa ulwazi kunye umthamo emangalisayo ngenxa yomsebenzi, ngoko lo mntu indawo ekhethekileyo kwimbali. Yaba Marietta Shahinian.

biography

Wazalwa umbhali elizayo eMoscow kwintsapho abaziingqondi Armenian ezingamashumi-yokuqala ngoMatshi 1888. Uyise, Sergei Davidovich, waba umncedisi unjingalwazi e Moscow State University. Marietta Shahinian wafumana imfundo ngokupheleleyo. Yena kuqala wayefunda kwisikolo sabucala, yaye kamva - in Rzhevsk yokuzilolonga. Ukususela ngo-1906, waqala ukuba ashicilelwe. Ngowe-1912, Marietta igqibe kwicandelo zembali-bulumko kwiYunivesithi for Women V. I. Gere. Yena uya eSt Petersburg. Kulapha, eSt Petersburg, umbhali elizayo kunye yekhasi wadibana kunye neendlela phambili kunye izikhanyiso ezifana Z. N. Gippius kunye DS Merezhkovsky.

Ukususela ngowe-1912 ukuya 1914 wayefunda intanda nje inzululwazi kwiYunivesithi yase Heidelberg eJamani. Ngomhla ukuyilwa yomsebenzi wakhe waba nempembelelo enamandla kakhulu kwisihobe Goethe. Ngowe-1913 kwafika ingqokelela yokuqala, umbhali kwawo ngoko nangoku akukho namnye eziqhelekileyo Shaginyan Marietta Sergeevna. Orientalia isihobe, enyanisweni, Yaduma yakhe.

Ukususela 1915 ukuya 1919 Marietta Shahinian wayehlala e Rostov-on-Don. Apha ke othile yamaphephandaba eziliqela, ezifana "Sebenza ngayo", "Azov Region," "ilizwi Craft", "kunxweme Sea Black", njalo njalo. D. Ngelo xesha linye umbhali ufundisa ubuhle kunye nembali zobugcisa kwi-Rostov Conservatory.

emva 1918

Marietta Shahinian ngolangazelelo bayamkela revolution. Kamva, wathi ukuba isenzakalo kuye "uphawu zamaKristu-eyimfihlakalo." Ngowe-1919, yena osebenza njenge ofundisa Donnarobraza, yaye emva koko waqeshwa kuyo umlawuli wesikolo ka ngokufaka. Ngowe-1920 Shahinian wafudukela Petrograd, apho iminyaka emithathu Ngokubambisana iphephandaba "Izvestia of the Petrograd eSoviet", ku-1948 yena incwadi ekhethekileyo "PRAVDA" amaphephandaba "Bulletin". Ngowe-1927, Marietta Shahinian wafudukela kwilizwe lawo imbali - eArmenia, kodwa ngowe-1931 wabuyela eMoscow.

Kule banesifo, yena ndaphumelela Academy okucwangcisiweyo Gosplan. Ebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe Shahinian uphethe Urals. Ngenxa yoko, wabhala inqaku lephephandaba "PRAVDA". Ngowe-1934 wabamba Congress yokuqala ka Soviet Writers, apho Marietta Shahinian onyulwe njengelungu ebhodini.

indalo

iimfuno zoncwadi lo mfazi onesiphiwo ligubungela ezahlukahlukeneyo iinkalo zobomi. Ngemisebenzi yakhe uphethe indawo monographs ekhethekileyo ezisingelwe Goethe, Taras Shevchenko, Joseph Mysliveček. It Shahinian Ungumbhali yiSoviet zokucupha inoveli "Mess Vuselela" yokuqala. Kwaba obalaseleyo kunye intatheli Soviet. Uthi umbhali amanqaku amaninzi kunye ingxaki izincoko. Kulo mzekelo, ubuntatheli Shahinian waqonda hayi kangako yaye hayi kuphela indlela imali, kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukufunda ngqo ubomi.

Kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Journey Weimar" okwesihlandlo sokuqala babonakaliswa ngokucacileyo iimpawu yesimbo yayo iprozi. Abahlalutyi bakholelwa ukuba lo msebenzi inokubonwa ngokusebenzisa esimangalisayo ukukwazi Ngenene zombhali iinkcukacha zemihla ngemihla ukuba aveze isazisi lomntu kunye nolwalamano lwakhe kwexesha. "Journey Weimar" - umsebenzi wokuqala lo mbhali ngohlobo zezincoko zokuhamba - kule uhlobo, nto leyo eya kuba njalo ubomi bam bonke Marietta Shahinian.

iincwadi

inoveli yakhe yokuqala enkulu, yena waqala ngo-1915, kwaye bathweswa izidanga ngowe-1918. "Isiphelo sayo" - yincwadi bulumko. Kwakhona Shahinian waba Connoisseur zomculo, kunye umgxeki loncwadi, oko kubizwa ngokuba yaye umbhali, kunye nofundiswayo ngohamba. Kodwa ke kuqala Shahinian waba ngumbhali kunye yekhasi. Ulishiye ngasemva kakhulu lwemisebenzi yoncwadi, ezifana "Hydrocentral", "Diary of a ibamba le Moscow yiSoviet", "yokuzikhusela phambene", "Journey of eArmenia", njalo njalo. D.

Yena ke umbhali iingqokelela ezine yesihobe, ezinye zazo nkqu kwikharityhulam yesikolo. Kangangeminyaka, Marietta Sergeevna Shaginyan wadala eni elibuntsomi kwabo bantu ukuba wayeyazi eziqhelekileyo - Tikhonov, Khodasevich, Rachmaninoff, kwaye ichaza ubomi kunye nomsebenzi ababhali abathandekayo kuye - T. Shevchenko, I. Krylov, Goethe.

usapho

Indoda Marietta Shahinian yaba philologist kunye umguquleli evela Armenian uYakobi Samsonovich likaKhachatryan. Bakhulela intombi Mirel. Le ntombazana akazange afune ukuya emanyathelweni abazali babo. Yena waba nomdla kakhulu ukupeyinta. Mirel Yakovlevna waba lilungu le-Union of Artists. In Shahinian baba umzukulwana kunye umzukulwana.

S. Marietta wafa ngo-1982 eMoscow. Yena ebeminyaka imashumi asithoba-emine iminyaka. Ekupheleni ubomi bakhe, akeza aphume endlini yakhe encinane omnye-lokulala, zibekwe kumgangatho wokuqala kakhulu indlu yokuhlala eziqhelekileyo eMoscow. Umbhali kanye ethandwa wenza ngaphandle ubunewunewu kunye frills. igumbi lakhe isethi eSoviet eqhelekileyo ifenitshala, izinto zasekhaya jikelele. Akanaso kuphela kwikhaya lakhe I ingoma ipiyano endala.

anika umdla

ubomi obude, owayehlala Marietta Sergeevna Shaginyan wazala iziganeko ezinkulu nezincinane zembali, malunga apho umbhali usoloko wathetha kakuhle kwaye ngomdla. It unendima ekhethekile indawo Leninist umxholo ingqondo yakhe omkhulu. iinoveli bayo umlando "Ulyanov Family", "Okokuqala Yonke-Russian" akusoloko baqonda ayintsokothanga. izinto zomntu malunga inkokeli yabasebenzi kwayo Marietta Shahinian eziqokelelwe iminyaka emininzi.

Uhlelo lokuqala ethi Chronicle "Ulyanov Family" yapapashwa ngo-1935 yaye ngoko nangoko yavusa ukungoneliseki olomeleleyo kunye Stalin. Umsindo, 'uyise zonke iintlanga "kwabangelwa kokupapashwa into Shahinian ukuba emithanjeni uLenin aye igazi Bibles. Ngaphezu koko, eli bali igama impazamo kabini mayixoxwe Elawulayo Union Writers ', nto leyo eye agxekwa ebonisa inkokeli usapho nje umFilisti.