UMariya Kyuri. Maria Sklodowska-Curie: A Biography. Marii Kyuri University e Lublin

Emva kwenkulungwane yama-20, phambi kokuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, xa kulinganiswa ne ngokucotha ivuza ladies ixesha wayenxibe corsets, kwaye sele abafazi utshatile, kwafuneka ukuba ugcine up imbonakalo (ukuba basezifama ukuze ndihlale ekhaya), Kyuri uMariya bawongwa amabhaso ezimbini Nobel: ku 1908 - physics, ngo-1911 - in chemistry. Wathabatha iqashiso lokuqala, kodwa mhlawumbi yeyona ibalulekileyo - kukuba uMariya yenze revolution wokwenene ezingqondweni yoluntu. Abasetyhini emva kokuba ngenkalipho waya inzululwazi ngaphandle koloyiko phezu inxalenye yoluntu lwezenzululwazi, eyenziwa ngelo xesha amadoda, ukugculelwa kweli iqela. umntu Amazing ke uMariya Kyuri. Biography enikwe ngezantsi ubone le.

imvelaphi

Igama Intombi le mfazi Sklodowska. Uyise, Vladislav Sklodovsky, kwaye bathweswa izidanga ngexesha elifanelekileyo St. Petersburg University. Emva koko ke wabuyela Warsaw ukufundisa imathematika zemvelo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Umfazi wakhe, Bronislava, eziqulathwe yeendwendwe ezinenani labafundi ababhalisileyo elingaphantsi amantombazana yesikole. Wayesiza ehlabathini indoda yakhe, yaba umthandi neqhayiya ukufunda. Bonke entsatsheni wayenabantwana abahlanu. Maria Sklodowska-Curie (Manya igama wakhe umntwana) - lo mncinane.

Warsaw ebuntwaneni

ebuntwaneni sakhe ukukhohlela unina. Bronislaw wahlaselwa sisifo sephepha. Wafa uMariya xa wayeneminyaka eli-11 kuphela ubudala. Ukufuna ukwazi kunye nokukwazi ukufunda ezahlukeneyo Sklodowska bonke abantwana, kunye Manu nje akunakwenzeka ukuba siyakrazula ncwadi. Uyise bakhuthaza ukuba njani uthando lokufunda ebantwaneni babo. Ekuphela kwento akonwabanga usapho, - imfuneko kufunda Russian. Kwifoto ngasentla - endlwini apho wazalwa waza wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe Maria. Ngoku apha imyuziyam.

Isimo e Poland

EPoland eyayiyinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Ngoko ke, yonke igrama elawulwa amagosa Russian, ubone ukuba zonke izinto ngolwimi bukhosi. Abantwana baba nemithandazo yamaKatolika ifundwe Russian, kodwa hayi kwi yabo, apho bathandaza, wathetha ekhaya. Vladislav ngenxa oku ndandidimazeka. Ngapha koko, maxa wambi umfundi, elungileyo izibalo, leyo ngokugqibeleleyo isonjululwe ngayo iingxaki Polish ezahlukeneyo, zonke ngequbuliso "Tupelo" xa kufuneka batshintshele Russian, abeya angazi. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, bamamkela abaseGalili ababezibonile zonke oku kuhlaziswa, uMaria bonke ubomi bakhe elizayo, Noko ke, njengezinye abemi karhulumente, eqwengiweyo ngelo xesha ngaphandle kwaba ngokuthanda oluyindlobongela ilungu esisemthethweni le fraternities izindawo Polish.

nodade ukukholisa

Le ntwazana kwakungelula ukuba bakhule ngaphandle unina. UTata usoloko exakekile emsebenzini, ootitshala pedantic kwisikolo semfundo ephakamileyo ... Manya abahlobo abaninzi ngezakhe, udade wabo. Bavuma elivisayo zabo eziya kuba qiniseka ukuba ukufunda ngakumbi, emva kokuphela yokujima. E Warsaw, imfundo ephakamileyo kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ukungena ngoxa abafazi, ngoko bephupha ngayo Sorbonne. YesiVumelwano ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Zempi yokuqala iza kuqalisa izifundo zabo xa emdala. Kodwa Manya baya imali imfundo yakhe. Xa wafunda ugqirha, ngoko nangoko uqala ukufunda Manya kunye nodadewabo kuya kumnceda kangangoko. Noko ke, kwathi iphupho Paris yalibaziseka phantse 5 iminyaka.

Job umphathi

Manya kwafika umphathi ukuya kwilifa Pike, oonyana enomhlaba wendawo esisityebi. Abanikazi akazange aqonde ingqondo eqaqambileyo ntombazana. Kuzo zonke inyathelo, bayinika ukuba aqonde ukuba nje umkhonzi olihlwempu. baphila nzima Le Pike ntombazana, kodwa yena ukubandezeleka ngenxa Zempi. Zombini noodade abaye baphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kunye imbasa yegolide. UMzalwan 'Yusef (kwakhona, ngokuzenzekelayo, yegolide) waya Warsaw, wangena Faculty Medical. Elia wafumana imbasa, kodwa amabango bakhe uNothozamile. Wagqiba ekubeni sihlale noyise ukubaleka uqoqosho. udade 4 umntwana ofileyo entsatsheni, xa wayesaphila, unina wakhe. Ngokubanzi, Vladislav kufaneleke neqhayiya abantwana babo eseleyo.

I lover lokuqala

abantwana abahlanu baba abaqeshi Maria. Wayifundisa encinane, kodwa ikhefu badla watyelela Kazimierz, unyana omdala. Uthethe ukuba umphathi engaqhelekanga enjalo. Oku kwalandela Inkululeko enkulu. Ukongeza, kwaba ukuba intombazana yelo xesha kukuba ayiqhelekanga, oko iZiko loFikelelo olwenziwe Lula, ilawulwa kakuhle sibheqwayo apho, imithetho ukubetha kunye nabasebenzi sasikhwele. Kanti ke, njengokuba yena kamva wavuma Kazimierz, wayeyoliswa kakhulu ukubhala imibongo kunye neencwadi zokufunda kwimathematika, okwakubonakala kwisihobe sakhe.

Phakathi kwabantu abatsha emva kwethuba kwabakho imvakalelo kaPlato. Manu Bawela lithemba ngenxa yokuba abazali lover bakhe abaqhayisayo wayengenakuze iye yavumela ukuba uxhume isiphelo abo umphathi. Kazimierz weza zivaliwe neeholide, nakwabanye ngexesha wayehlala a kulindelekileyo intlanganiso. Kodwa ngoku lixesha lokuba umhlala uye Paris. Manya washiya Pike ngentliziyo enzima - mabahlale elidlulileyo Kazimierz futhi akhanyiswe kwiminyaka uthando yokuqala.

Ngoko, xa ubomi Maria nyaka-27 ubudala baya kuba Per Kyuri, ngoko nangoko liyaqonda ukuba uya kuba othembekileyo kwindoda yakhe. Izinto ziya kwahluka kwimeko naye - ngaphandle amaphupha nobundlobongela kunye neemvakalelo noqhambuko. Mhlawumbi uMariya nje ikhula?

Device e Paris

Wafika-1891 e-France. Weentonga kunye nomyeni wakhe, Kazimierz Dlusskiy naye wayesebenza ugqirha, waqala ukuthatha unonophelo wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, i-Maria isigqibo (e Paris, waqalisa azibize Marie) bodwa abamelana nelo lizwi. Yena anyothule egumbini lakhe, yaye babhalise kwi Sorbonne, xa sokuzikhethela nenzululwazi yezobugqi. Marie ukuhlala eParis isahlulo Latin. Amathala eencwadi, iilebhu, kunye neeyunivesithi ke ucango ecaleni kwabo. Dlusskiy wanceda udade wayo sokubuyisa ilori isandla impahla uNothozamile umfazi wakhe. Marie wala ukulungisa ezinye ntombazana ukuze uhlawulele igumbi ngaphantsi - wayefuna ukujongana emva kwexesha kwaye cwaka. mali balo ngo-1892, engange-40, okanye 100 franc ngenyanga, okt. E. 3 kunye Franc encinane yonke imihla. Kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlawule igumbi, impahla, ukutya, iincwadi, iikhompyutha eziphathwayo kunye noqeqesho kwi-University ... Yena engazichazanga otya ngayo. Kwaye njengoko wasebenza nzima kakhulu, kungekudala isiduli kanye eklasini. Umfundi wabaleka ukuze ucele uncedo ku Dlusskiy. Wabuya ke wathabatha kuye uMariya ukuze akwazi ukuhlawula ngaphantsi izindlu kunye nokutya ngokufanelekileyo.

Iyazazi Pierre

Enye afunda uMariya wamcela ukuba atyelele yamachiza odumileyo evela ePoland. Emva koko abona le ndoda umntu awayemiselwe emva ukufumana ukuvunywa nangamanye amazwe. Nangona Intombazana leyo 27, yaye Pierre - engama-35. Xa Marie wafika wangena kwigumbi lokuphumla, wema ibhalkhoni emnyango. Wazama ukuba ahlole oko, yaye ilanga tameke naye. Ngoko sadibana UMariya Sklodovskaya kunye Per Kyuri.

Pierre enikelwe kwinzululwazi ngentliziyo yam yonke. Abazali bazama izihlandlo eziliqela ukwazisa ukuba umfazi, kodwa usoloko ilize - lonke elo xesha laba ngathi uyadika, isiyatha kunye ezincinane. Waza ke xa kuhlwayo, ethetha Marie, waqonda ukuba uyifumene i interlocutor ngokulinganayo. Ngelo xesha, ayenza umsebenzi, wayalela Society wakhe ngenxa Ukhuthazo of Industry yeSizwe, iimpawu kazibuthe amabakala ahlukeneyo ngentsimbi. Marie nje waqalisa ukufunda elabhoratri ka Hugo Liepmann. Kwaye emva kwabo wasebenza School of Physics and Chemistry of Pierre iye uphando ubutsalane yaye ukuvula kubo, "Curie". Abantu abatsha ukuxoxa ngayo. Pierre Marie bemka phambi koko ekuseni waya emasimini ukuze athathe imipha intanda yakhe.

wedding

Pierre and Marie Julayi 14, 1895 satshata, waya Ile-de-France 'ukutshata. Apho befunda, ekhwele Bikes, xoxa izihloko zenzululwazi. Pierre nkqu ngenxa umfazi wakhe waqalisa ukufundisa ulwimi Polish ...

intlanganiso ebaluleke

Ngelo xesha wokuzalwa Irène intombi yabo yokuqala, iqabane Marie u sirhelele ithisisi zobugqirha bakhe nomfazi wakhe izidanga kuqala kuhlelo yakhe kwiYunivesithi Sorbonne. Ekupheleni kuka-1897, uphando kwi ubutsalane yagqitywa kwaye Kyuri noMariya baqalisa ukufuna ngesihloko ithisisi. Ngeli xesha esi sibini idibene Anri Bekkerelem, physics. Wavula kwanyakenye ukuba iikhompawundi uranium kukhutshwe imitha leyo ungena ngokunzulu. Kwathi, ngokuchaseneyo X-ray, zasekhaya impahla uranium. Kyuri UMariya, uziqhube yi into ongaqondakaliyo, wagqiba alikhangele. Pierre wabeka phantsi umsebenzi wabo ukuze ukunceda umfazi wakhe.

Ukuvulwa lokuqala kunye nokukhutshwa Nobel Prize

Pierre and UMariya Kyuri ngo-1898 wavula izakhi-2 ezintsha. Lowo wokuqala bathi ಪೇನ್ ipheyini (emva kwilizwe Marie kaThixo, Poland), kwaye eyesibini - Radium. Ukusukela ukuba yakhomba akekho okanye enye element, oko ukunika ubungqina ekhemisi zabo zangaphambili. Iminyaka-4 elandelayo sibini kufunxwa Radium kunye ಪೇನ್ ipheyini evela uranium ekrwada. Pierre and UMariya Kyuri ukususela kusasa ukuya emsebenzini ebusuku barn schelyastom boniswa kwimitha. Esi sibini sele bawayazitshisa phambi ndaqonda izifundo ingozi. Noko ke, bagqiba ekubeni uqhubeke kubo! Umfazi ngoSeptemba 1902 bafumana 1/10 i gram ye Radium chloride. Kodwa ಪೇನ್ ipheyini abazange ukwahlula - njengoko kanti, ukuba imveliso ye ukubola Radium. Ubushushu kunye chweba oluhlaza ekhutshwa ityuwa Radium. Oku kuye kwatsala ingqalelo yehlabathi kuyinto material kumnandi. NgoDisemba 1903 esi sibini yawongwa ngentsebenziswano ne Becquerel ibhaso yeNobel ngo-physics. Kyuri Mari ndiyinkosikazi yokuqala abafumana ngayo!

Ukusweleka komyeni wakhe

Intombi yesibini, uEva, wazalelwa kubo ngoDisemba 1904. Ngexesha imeko yezimali ntsapho iye yaphucuka kakhulu. Pierre waba unjingalwazi wezenzululwazi Sorbonne, kunye nomfazi wakhe wasebenza kuye intloko indoda kwelebhu. A isiganeko embi kwenzeka ngo-Apreli 1906. ukufa Pierre zeza phantsi le nqanawa. Maria Sklodowska-Curie, walahlekelwa ngumyeni wakhe, asebenza kunye nomhlobo ilungileyo, wayedandatheke iinyanga ezimbalwa.

I-Nobel Prize yesibini

Kodwa ke ubomi waqhubeka. Umfazi ukuba uqwalasele ekwabiweni Radium sisinyithi kwifomu yayo enyulu, hayi iikhompawundi yayo. Yena wafumana le nto ngo-1910 (ngentsebenziswano ne A. Debirnom). UMariya Kyuri wafumanisa waza wabonisa ukuba Radium - into imichiza. Zayo kuba nokuba bafuna ukuba ilungu le-French Academy of Sciences Emva yempumelelo enkulu, kodwa ngxoxo zenzeka, oko yaqala baiting esendimbaneni, yaye ekugqibeleni wafumana ubuqhawe. Ngowe-1911, Marie bawongwa 2nd Nobel Prize Chemistry. Waba ngowokuqala ukuba kunikwa kabini.

Jobs Radievskom Institute

Kuba uphando imisebe yasekwa Radievsky Institute ngaphambi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Curie wasebenza apha kummandla radioactivity zophando olubalulekileyo kunye nezicelo zonyango. Ebudeni bemfazwe liqeqesha radiology zonyango emkhosini, umzekelo, ukubona umzimba ebudeni ngu-X-reyi, kwaye bungenakukhutshwa ephathekayo oomatshini X-ray phambili. Irene, intombi yakhe, wayengomnye oogqirha, yaye wafundisa.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Nditsho kwiminyaka kamva wawelela imisebenzi yayo nguMariya Kyuri. biography olufutshane le minyaka ziphawulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: yena wayesebenza kunye noogqirha, abafundi babhala amaphepha ophando, kunye nayo ibhayografi yendoda yakhe. Marie waya ePoland, nto leyo iye ekugqibeleni yazimela. Kwakhona watyelela eUnited States, apho wadibana uloyiso nalapho thaca ukuqhubeka ukucikideka 1 gram of Radium (kwixabiso, endleleni, elingana nexabiso abangaphezu kwama-200 kg zegolide). Noko ke, intsebenziswano kwezinto radioactive enza ngokwayo ngayo. impilo yakhe yayisiba, yaye ngoJulayi 4, 1934 Kyuri uMariya wafa wegazi. Oku kwenzeka e French Alps, kwisibhedlele encinane kwi Sansellemoze.

Marii Kyuri University e Lublin

Xa Curies imbeko ebizwa imichiza isiqalelo വരി umqolo (№ 96). Igama lenkazana enkulu uMariya immortalized egameni le-University of Lublin (Poland). Ngomnye inkulu ePoland, amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo besive kurhulumente. University of Marii Kyuri-Sklodowska University yasekwa ngowe-1944, phambi kwalo ilitye, eboniswe kwifoto ngasentla. Umphathi lokuqala kunye nomququzeleli we eli ziko lemfundo yaba engumhlobo Professor Genrih Raabe. Namhlanje, le nkqubo ibandakanya ezi zinto 10 zilandelayo:

- Chemistry.

- Biology and Biotechnology.

- Arts.

- Abantu.

- Ifilosofi Sociology.

- Pedagogy kunye Psychology.

- Earth Sciences kunye noCwangciso Spatial.

- Mathematics, Physics and yokwazisa.

- Amalungelo kunye nolawulo.

- Science Political.

- Pedagogy kunye Psychology.

University of Marii Kyuri bakhetha ukufunda abafundi abangaphezu kwe-23.5 amawaka, malunga 500 kubo -. Bolunye uhlanga.