Ulwazi ezibalulekileyo: ukuchaza indlela ekhaya methyl utywala?

"Xa iliso", ngakumbi ezinobuchule, ukwahlula utywala ethyl, esifakwe zonke utywala okukhoyo ehlabathini, ukususela amanye zobugcisa wayo - methyl - cishe akunakwenzeka. Oku kukhokelela eziyityhefu yonyaka mass eRashiya kunye namazwe ico, apho isithethe kukho ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala lemvelaphi ezingaziwayo okanye alunazo.

Kodwa ukuba basele ephantsi-umgangatho othululwayo enkohliso ethyl isisekelo - embi kangaka (nangona lucalulo pre-revolution kunye ethyl notywala nazo kubalwe iityhefu). Methanol - yiloo tshaba yokwenene umzimba. Le yityhefu yomeleleyo nkqu ngezixa ezincinane kakhulu ezinokuchaphazela kakubi iimpahla yegazi kunye luvo, yaye uninzi bonke - urhulumente lwembono, ukugqiba kubumfama. A ukusetyenziswa ukususela grams-30 ukuya ku-100 (kuba abantu abahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo) ukwimo kunokuphumela ekufeni. Ngoko ke, umbuzo ukuba ukuchaza indlela imethyl ekhaya utywala, ayikho kungasebenzi nto kodwa, yaye ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. ngenxa Ingakumbi yokuba, ngokutsho iingcali, isixa esikhulu utywala ethengiswa kwilizwe lethu, i fake!

Ukuze ufunde ukwahlula njani methanol evela ethanol, umahluko phakathi kwabo, ukuchaza kweli nqaku. Siyathemba ukuba ulwazi olufunyenwe kuya kukunceda ukuba uphephe iziganeko ezingeyomfuneko yaye iziphumo ezinobungozi methanol ekusebenziseni iziselo ezinxilisayo.

Njengoko ekhaya ukucacisa methyl utywala

Abantu abaninzi bakhumbula iziganeko zakutshanje kwi-Czech Republic, apho kubonakala ukuba uvela "brand" utywala ochaphazelekayo abantu abaninzi. A le ngomgunyathi ubunzima equlethwe, zahlanganiswa ibhotile omhle, oko methanol. Ngoko ke, ulwazi apha ekhaya ukumisela imethyl utywala, kubalulekile kwaye engxamisekileyo. Ngapha koko, incasa kunye nevumba methanol kangako distinguishable ukusuka ethanol. Kakade ke, ukuba phambi kwakho isisombululo, equlethe enye kuphela uhlobo utywala, ngoko umahluko unokuba, iindlela ezahlukileyo kakhulu ilula, achaza ngezantsi. Kodwa ukuba umxube alkoholi, umxholo kunye nenani kubo kuqondwa kuphela ukuhlolisisa laboratory.

iindlela Traditional ukucacisa

Ngoko njani ekhaya ukumisela methyl utywala? Iindlela Best owazalwa amava kwaye zisebenza kakhulu. Eyokuqala kubo: ngokwayo utywala. Uthululele nezitya ezincinane onamava cerebrospinal kunye phemba. Loya ngokusondeleyo ukuya umbala komlilo otshisayo (kodwa aqhumisele phezu na, njengokuba inqaba - phezu kutsho kuma-40) uze uthelekise. Ukuba ovutha abe lilangatye oluhlaza - inokusetyenziswa phambi kwethu, ethanol, nangenxa ukusela (kakade, ukuba akukho nezinye izinto). Ukuba omlilo ihamba ngomlilo eluhlaza, kuba methanol. Oku kakhulu indlela elula kakuhle, njengoko ikhaya ukufumanisa imethyl utywala sisebenze Ngokungathandabuzekiyo xa sijamelene impela isisombululo ecacileyo. Kwaye ndlela isekelwe phezu umahluko umchiza nokwakhiwa iziselo.

namazambane

Ngoncedo i iitapile eziqhelekileyo ekrwada uyakwazi ukuchaza lo mahluko. Murphy kwakufuneka wayixobula uhlambe. Root benga zinqumkile, waphoswa kwisikhongozeli encinane, apho ulwelo phantsi kovavanyo: kwakuyeyona imethyl okanye ethyl utywala. Emva kwexesha elithile (ngokuqhelekileyo iiyure ezimbalwa) e neetapile methanol kufuneka ukutshintsha umbala zayo uze umbala ube bomvu. Esona sabelo ethanol ngenkankulu etshintsha umbala.

formaldehyde isampula

Kuba kuyo, siya kufuneka ucingo lobhedu kunye umlilo evulekileyo. Le cingo kufuneka zibe zezobhedu kwaye nyulu ukusuka iqokobhe. Uvavanyo ulwelo Wagalela esityeni. Copper uba ngomlilo kunye nkxu elibukhali kungena medium engamanzi. Ukuba methanol phambi kwethu, kukho nevumba elibi kwaye kunokuba letela formaldehyde. Ethyl kotywala ngoko phantse esha (ngamanye amaxesha ivumba apile incasa). Okunganyanzelekanga: yongeza ulwelo potassium permanganate (ekhawuntareni) kunye kuzitshisa ngomlilo. Ivumba utywala kulula ukumisela ubulungu kwiqela ethile methanol okanye ethanol.

amanyathelo okhuseleko

Ukuba urhanela methanol lolwamkelo kufuneka ngoko nangoko wabiza ugqirha ukulinda: oluya kuqhubeka kwaye ukusombulula ngokwayo. Iimpawu ityhefu: okubuhlungu sisentlokweni yakhe, ukuphefumla nzima, umntu uba ubuhlungu kunye ubuthathaka, iintlungu apha emqolo esiswini kunye empontshwa, ukugabha kunokwenzeka. Ungazama ukwenza lavage esiswini magrantsovkoy efanayo umxube wamanzi ezilula. Waye endleleni, apha ulwazi luluncedo kokubini ekhayeni ukwahlula imethyl utywala, ukuba ekhohlo engagqitywanga na ulwelo esitya ngaphakathi. A iyeza olungileyo, Isimanga, uthathwa ukuba abe-10% utywala!