Ukuwa Amur River ukusuka kumthombo ukuya emlonyeni

Eyona umfula eFar District Eastern - Amur. Ngokutsho nemin parameters yalo lema endaweni yesi-4 phakathi 10 imilambo enkulu Russian. Phambi kwakhe kuphela OB, Yenisei noLena, ophuma ukusuka emazantsi eSiberia ngo elwandle Arctic Ocean. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-Amur wakhetha echibini eyahlukileyo - Pacific, kwaye oku kusuka entshona ukuya empuma. Yomjelo wamanzi iqala entabeni Transbaikalia okungenanto ukusuka ngokudibana i Shilka kunye Argun. Ukuba 2824 km, amanzi Amur umlambo ngokugalela i-Pacific Ocean kufuphi nedolophu Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, ukusuka kunxweme ye-Tatar Strait. Ummandla zokuqokelela amanzi isitya lomlambo ngo-1855 sq.km. Ukuwa kwithambeka Amur River ixhomekeke kule ntlango; kuba entabeni eliphezulu, e Lower - flat.

amagama nemin

impahla amanzi phezu komhlaba utyekelo kuboniswa amagama afana ukuwa kumathambeka longitudinal lomlambo. Kuba Ukuzimisela kwaba parameters kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuphakama bomhlaba (edge) kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwaye therebetween umgama ilinganiswe ecaleni kwamanzi. Watermark zichazwa phakathi emanzini liphantsi kuma - emanzini phantsi.

Fall River - udlula nqanaba emazantsi ingongoma indawo umfula. Kulinganiswa kwiiyunithi linear zobude - ngeemitha okanye cm.

Kwithambeka komlambo - ixabiso lenani kubalwa kumiselwa QUOTIENT komlambo kwesiganeko kwi ubude bayo phakathi amanqaku defined. Elibonakaliswe ‰ - mil (sewaka inani) okanye% (hundredths) nganye.

Elibonakaliswe River bias ifomula I = h1 - h2 / L, apho:

I - longitudinal ithambeka ndongeni% okanye ‰;

h1 - uphawu inqanaba umfula ngaphezulu echazwe m ingxenye;

h2 - efanayo, ezantsi, m;

L - ubude emlanjeni phakathi amanqaku echazwe seemitha okanye ngeekhilomitha.

lehle elipheleleyo umlambo - umahluko ukuphakama kwayo kuloo mthombo kunye emlonyeni. Akukhathaliseki uya kuba yintoni na indawo - isizalwane okanye epheleleyo.

Singu River bias - isiphumo ukulaba drop uwonke ubude bayo ngokubanzi.

Xa ixabiso ithambeka lomlambo, uyakwazi ukubona elimfaneleyo ntoni uhlobo. Kuba imilambo intaba luphawulwa nokuphambuka ezinkulu kulinganiswa ukusuka amashumi ngeesentimitha ukuya emashumini ambalwa eemitha. Kuba ezinxaxhileyo plain ezingephi, kulinganiswa ngokweesentimitha. It luphawu icala flow Velocity kwamanzi omlambo.

I Amur mfula

Ewela ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ngomlomo 304 m Eli nani -. Umahluko phakathi ukuphakama kwi emlonyeni (0 m - level elwandle) kunye nomthombo lomlambo.

Qala cupid - hlanganisa le Shilka kunye Argun. . Isitampu komhlaba kule indawo nge zilungelelanise degrees 53 21.5 ngcaciso 304 m Ngaloo ndlela, ukuhla jikelele emlanjeni Amur iya kuba: 304 - 0 = 304 m.

Ukwazi ubude komlambo bawe ukufumana avareji kumathambeka longitudinal loo mjelo wamanzi, nto ilingana:

I = 304/2824 = 0.107 ‰ esondezwe okanye 0,11 ‰.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuxhomekeke indlela sakuhamba (by kwimimandla okanye imephu), ngamnye ubude neekhilomitha bobume inqanaba lamanzi umlambo izmenyaeetsya-11 cm. Ukuba intshukumo ngokuhla, ukuhla kwe Amur River zonke liyancipha ngekhilomitha 11 cm. Kodwa oku yi sentengo, ngokungathi yomjelo wamanzi aphuma ecaleni kumphezulu ekujikeni efanayo tyekelo.

Enyanisweni, iimeko ezinjalo kuba itshile imijelo zehlabathi akakho naphi. Isiteshi babeka zabo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo geomorphological. Bona kuchaphazela Ukwahluka yemida kunye ithambeka ukuwa, nkqu ngexesha elinye lomlambo.

iinxalenye 3 (imisiwe), ngokuxhomekeke kwendawo kunye nohlobo ukugeleza yahlulwe cupid. Ukuwa namathambeka kwi-Upper, Middle eseZantsi Amur ezahlukeneyo.

eliphezulu Amur

Umthombo buqala bakhe ekudibaneni Argun kunye Shilka. Beka eza kumiselwa yonxweme kwimpuma siqithi Mad edge iphawulwe 304 m ekugqibeleni yamkelwe. Emlonyeni umlambo Zeya - le uviko sasekhohlo, ophuma kwi-1936 km ukusuka emlonyeni Amur. Ngenxa yoko, ubude 888 km ukusuka Lower Amur. Umphakamo bayilungisa kunye nexabiso-125 m. Fall River Amour kunye ithambeka kule ndawo yaba 179 m ne-0,2 ‰ ngokulandelelanayo. Character flow kufutshane entabeni - le Velocity flow umlinganiselo 1.5 m / s. Ububanzi umjelo emanzini Low km 420 m 1.

Middle Amur

amanqaku Plot zinqongophele: umlambo eliphezulu - r.Zei umlomo (Blagoveshensk) ngophawu ubude 125 m, emazantsi - emlonyeni Ussuri (y s.Kazakevichevo) - ubude edge inxenye ubude 41 m - 970. Km. Amur Fall River apha ngu 84 m, kwaye ithambeka (84/970) 0,086 ‰. Oku kuthetha ezisezintabeni asezantsi umngcipheko 8.6 cm ukuya kwi-1 km omlambo. I-flow Velocity 5.5 km / h okanye 1, 47 m / s. ububanzi Channel ukusuka 530 ukuya 1170 m.

Amur asezantsi

Ukumisela umgama phakathi amanqaku phezu komlambo - 966 km (umlomo Amur ukuya ekudibaneni kuye Ussury ekungeneni). Ukuphakama: indawo top - 41 m, ezantsi - kolwandle 0 m kuthetha ukuba nethontsi eli Amur lomlambo kule ndawo - 41 m Ithambeka - 0.042 ‰ ... I-flow Izinga kwi flow ephantsi m 0.9 / s, xa amanzi eliphezulu-1.2 m / s. Ububanzi irubhrikhi - ukusuka km 2 (iindawo) 11 km, kwaye umlomo - up to km 16.

Ulawulo ezinamanzi ze lomlambo

Amur ebonakala zophuculo eliphezulu ngamanzi: elide avareji bamanzi 403 km cc, umgangatho flow ngomlomo 12800 cubic metres / s.

supply Main amandla (ukuya kwi-80% ye-flow) - ihlobo bawe lina. I-20% ukuba umyinge zokunyibilikiswa kunye aphantsi komhlaba, ngokweepesenti malunga ngokulinganayo.

Meltwater wondla umlambo ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi, ngoko wazolula kwezikhukula umthamo encinane yokumpompoza akuthethi ukuba kubekho kumanqanaba aphezulu. ixesha Flood kudla ukusuka kunyaka nonyaka ke ngoJulayi-Agasti. Ngeli xesha, maxa wambi onomanzi 75% bamanzi.

amazinga kakhulu aphantsi amanqaku (amanzi aphantsi) kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele ukuba unogumbe ukuba idlule m 10-15 bahlelwe eliphezulu nophakathi, nasekuh- - up to 6-8 m imvula enamandla unobangela iphalale Middle ne Lower Amur ku-25 km namanqanaba aphezulu igcinwe. kwi kwimimandla ayenamandla ukuya kweentsuku ezingama-70.

ngosuku Multi- iimvula zemvula ngo-Agasti 2013 zabangela nezikhukhula kwi Amur sokuhlambela, nezikhukula ukuhlaliswa kwabantu kunye ukulima.

Summer lwamanzi emva yokuduka i 'yingcambu' amanzi (snowmelt ezintabeni) - ekupheleni kukaJuni. Autumn - ekupheleni Septemba-ekuqaleni Oktobha. Owayevunyelwe-up kwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha - ekuqaleni Novemba. Ivula ngumkhenkce - emva zokuqala kweentsuku ezilishumi u-Epreli noMeyi.