Ukususwa kwamanzi olwandle: umgaqo wokusebenza

Sonke siyazi ukuba indoda ibini yamathathu amanzi. Kwaye ukuba ngaphandle kokutya umzimba wethu unokuhlala malunga nenyanga, emva koko ngaphandle kwamanzi, ngokufanelekileyo, kuphela ngeveki (ngamanye amaxesha kuncinci kakhulu). Umntu kufuneka adle amanzi aneleyo rhoqo ngosuku ukuphepha iingxaki zempilo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi olwandle kunye nendlela yokusebenza kwayo - isihloko asixhomekekanga.

Ukucoca kwezoshishino

Ukukhula kwamanani okusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwathonya ngqo inani lemithombo yamanzi esitsha kwiplanethi yethu. Ngenxa yoko, kwakunqongophala, okwenza abantu bafune iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza amanzi okuphuza "ngesandla". Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kwakungenokwenzeka ukuba unxweme lwamanzi olwandle anelwandle, alufanelekanga ukusela.

Umthombo wokutshatyalaliswa yi-Ocean Ocean. Amanzi olwandle ahamba amaninzi amanqanaba okucoca, ngenxa yoko umbane ulahla ubuninzi beetyuthi ezahlukeneyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa ziza kuhlangula.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi olwandle ukutshitshiswa kwamanzi kukuvumela ukuba uyifake ngempumelelo kwiimeko zokusela amanzi. Ukuchithwa kwamanzi kwizinga loshishino kwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Uninzi lwale ndlela lusekelwe kusetyenziso lwezibonelelo eziphezulu zamandla. Ezi zikhethi ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuhlaziya. Cinga ngeentlobo eziphambili zokukhutshwa kwamanzi kwimimandla emikhulu.

Izindlela zokucoca

Ehlabathini lethu, bubuchwepheshe obuncinane buye lwaphuhliswa okwenza kube lula ukuguqula amanzi olwandle kwindawo ehamba. Enye yazo kukusetyenziswa kweemichiza zamachiza. Le ndlela ibonisa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zamakhemikhali ezikhethekileyo zokukhutshwa kwamanzi. Xa edibanisa namanzi atyuwa, kwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke, kubangele ukubunjwa kweemveliso zamakhemikhali ezingenayo i-insoluble.

Emva kokugqitywa kwempendulo, ihlala isele kuphela ukususa umphumo wokucoca. Le ndlela ayisetyenziselwa ubomi bemihla ngemihla, kwaye ayidla ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwishishini.

Le ndlela inezinzuzo ezingundoqo. Okokuqala, inani elincinci lemichiza liyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe, kwaye okwesibini, le nkqubo ithatha ixesha elide kwaye, okwesithathu, ayibizi.

Indlela yokuguqula i-osmosis

Le ndlela sele izinzile ngokwayo, namhlanje iyasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kumashishini. Isebenzisa izithako zokucoca ezikhethekileyo. Zenziwe ngezinto eziphathekayo. Umzekelo, ukusuka kwi-polyamide okanye i-cellulose.

Utywala kunye nenani eligqithiseleyo leetyu ludluliselwa kule miqolo phantsi kwengcinezelo ethile. Ngenxa yoko, iinqununu zamanzi ziyadlula kwi-gridiksidi, phezu komhlaba apho iinqununu ezininzi ezingcolileyo zihlala khona. Ngenxa yale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane umthamo omkhulu wamanzi angcolileyo.

Umgaqo wokusebenza kwamanzi aselwandle olwandle

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi olwandle kuyisistim esikuvumela ukuba ususe i-salts echithwe kuyo ukusuka kumanzi. Emva kokudlula le nkqubo, amanzi ahlambulukileyo atholakala. Ingasetyenziselwa nje ubomi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa kwakhona njengamanzi amnandi okusela.

Ubunqwenelekayo bokuyila idivaysi lukulungele kwaye busebenza ngokusebenzayo. Kodwa i-fresh ithetha ukuthini. Emva kwakho konke, kuyo, ngendlela enye okanye enye, izakhi ezahlukeneyo zigcinwa. Ukuxinwa kwabo ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni kwamanzi athatywayo. Ngokomzekelo, iinqanawa zifuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi:

• Ukusela - kuphela ukupheka nokusela;
• Amanzi ekuhlambulukeni komntu kunye nokuhlamba;
• Amanzi ama-generator steam, ngaphandle koko kuthiwa yi-nutrient;
• Amanzi ngeenjongo zobugcisa (asetyenziswa njenge-injini epholile);
• Amanzi acwecwe.

Kuzo zonke iindidi, iinqanawa ezahlukileyo zikhutshwa ngamanzi olwandle.
Zonke iindlela ziwela kwiindidi ezimbini:

1. Isityalo sokutshatyalaliswa kwezixhobo - isityalo sokutshatyalaliswa esisebenzayo ngumgaqo we-distillation, ishushu kwaye siphambane namanzi olwandle. Emva koko i-steam "ibanjwe" kwaye ifakwe kwiqondo lokushisa elifunayo.
2. Ukucoca - umgaqo we-osmosis ngokutsha. Amanzi esetyuwa apheliswe ngaphandle kokuguquka ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye.

Umsebenzi wakhe usekelwe "ekunyukeleni" ukuxutywa kobutyebi obungcolileyo. Umxinzelelo ophezulu kakhulu usenza ukuba "siphume" ngaphandle kweengqungquthela ezingezizo.

Inqaku elithandekayo

I-desalter yamanzi olwandle amakhulu kunazo zonke e- Hadera (Israel). Ngokomlinganiselo walo, le yunithi ibonakala ngathi isityalo sonke. Unyaka wonke unqabileyo malunga neekhilomitha ezili-30 ezigidigidi zamanzi olwandle.

Oku kubandakanya i-sibini yesithathu yemfuno yelizwe lonke. Emva koko, njengoko kwaziwa, kwa-Israyeli umbandela ombi kukungabikho kwamanzi okusela. I-desalter yamanzi olwandle isebenza, njengento yokutshatyalaliswa kwezityalo ezininzi, ngokwemigaqo yokuguqulwa kwe-osmosis, phantsi kwefuthe apho amanzi aseLwandle iMeditera ayengathotyelwa unyango.

Ukuthuthwa kwamanzi kwelanga

Kungekudala, kwiitrhefu zesitolo, izityalo ezidityanisiweyo zokutshatyalaliswa ziye zavela, zisebenzisana namandla elanga. Ngaphakathi kweso sixhobo, amanzi aselwandle athululelwa, ukususela ekushiseni kwelanga okubangelwa ngumlilo, kuxoxwa kwiindonga zegobolondo, kwaye uhlala kwindawo engezantsi yommkeli.

Uyilo lofakelo luyi-hermetic ngokupheleleyo, luyakwenza umthombo wokutsalwa kwe-greenhouse kwaye ayivumeli ukufudumala ngaphandle kwe-desalter. Ngako oko, ngenxa yolu manzi acocekileyo ulondolozwa ngakumbi. Ekupheleni kwalo mgaqo, qhawula i-plug uze ucoce amanzi ahlambulukileyo kwisikebhe.

Khubaza i-desalter yamanzi olwandle

Olu hlobo lokutshatyalaliswa lisetyenziselwa kwiinqanawa zolwandle. Isebenzisa ukufudumala kwamanzi, ahlaziya i-diesel eyintloko kunye nesebenzayo. Amanzi acocekileyo, atyhutyhile kuma-degrees Celsius angama-60, kwindawo yokungena iphuma kwimibhobho yebhetri yokufudumala. Kulo phulo, ukushisa kwamanzi kuyahla ukuya kuma-degrees Celsius angama-50.

I-distiller ye-vacuum ivumela iyure ukufumana malunga neesibhozo ezingamakhulu asibhozo zamanzi adibeneyo. Olu hlobo lwe-distiller luyakwazi ukufikelela malunga nazo zonke iimfuno zamanzi aphelileyo ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelweyo zokufumana amandla omoya kunye nentsebenzo emva kokuthengisa. Esi sixhobo sisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Ekubeni ukushisa kwe-vaporization kunelisezantsi, i-desalter yamanzi ingasebenza ngaphandle kokucoca iinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinesibini.

Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo

Ukugcinwa kweso sixhobo kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo ngeveki, inyanga nganye kunye kanye nekota.

Kanye ngeveki, ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwesixhobo kuyadingeka. Kufuneka kwakhona ukujonga ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwamatywina okupompa kunye neepavini ezinqabileyo ezingasetyenziswayo. Ukuphelisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zokuvuza kudibanisa. Kanye kwinyanga, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kweveki, kuyimfuneko ukucoca isikrini sefayile yamanzi olwandle kunye nefuthe iibherethi zeepompo. Kanye ngekota, i-flowmeter ihlolwe, ukutshintshwa kwabakhuseli kwimibhobho, i-brine kunye neepompu zenziwa. Ukuhlambulula izimbobo zepayipi ye-annular tube ye-evaporator, tshintsha iibhokisi zokugaya kwiipompo.

Ukulungisa umsebenzi

Inkqubo yokulungisa iquka ukucoca i-heat heat-heater-condenser kunye ne-crimping yabo elandelayo kunye nokubeka iibhubhu eziphosakeleyo.

Kubalulekile ukuvula i-heat Heater, uhlambulule iifayile kwiimibhobho kunye nemibhobho ngokwayo kwiindawo ezahlukileyo kunye nobunzima. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa umjikelezo ukuze uhlambulule kwindawo yokungcola nokugqwala. Ukuba iimithwalo zepompo zigqityiwe, kufuneka zitshintshwe. Ukongezelela, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlambulule imihlaba yee-shells ekudibene namanzi olwandle.

Ukususwa kwamanzi olwandle ngamanzi

Ubukho benkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi olwandle kwindawo ebhekene nesitya esincinci lukhululekile kwaye lukhuselekile. I-desalter yamanzi olwandle inokusivumela ukugcina uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngenxa yokuba akukho mfuneko yokuzalisa izitokisi zamanzi okusela ahlambulukileyo.

Ngokomyinge, ngeyure echithwayo, eyenzelwe iinqanawa ezincinci, ilawula amaninzi eelitha zamanzi zetyuwa, ijika ibe ngamanzi ahlambulukileyo.

Ezinye iimodeli zabatshitshisi bemisebenzi yeechts zinomsebenzi wokulawula okude, okukwenza kube lula ukulawula inkqubo. Ukufakela okunjalo kulungele ukusetyenziswa kokuhamba ngeenqanawa kunye nezithuthi. Izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhutshwa kwezityalo, ukudibanisa ngqo kunye namanzi olwandle, zenziwe ngezinto ezingakhange zichaphazele ukubola. Isakhiwo esingaphandle senziwa rhoqo ngentsimbi engenasici.

Isixhobo esibonakalayo sokucoca kwamanzi

Ngoku kutshanje, abaphandi baye bavakalisa isitsha esitsha sokuqala, esenziwe ngokukhethekileyo ukwahlula amanzi olwandle kwindawo yokusela kunye namanzi anetyu. Isabelo seengonyama sokutshatyalaliswa kwezityalo sisekelwe kwi-reverse osmosis technology, ngelixa lichitha umthamo omkhulu wombane. Ukungalunganga kwendlela yokudambisa kungaphinda kubangelwe ukungafezeki kokusebenza kunye nemiqulu emincinci.

Isitsha esitsha - i-desalter yamanzi olwandle ephathekayo isekelwe kwi-teknoloji ye-polarisation of ion concentration. Isitishi se-nano-size sizaliswe ngogesi, umbane wamandla uxhunyiwe, odala inkundla yombane. Ngenxa yoko, amanzi ahlukaniswe zibe yimilambo emibini efana. Kwesinye sazo, ion i-salts iyawa, ngelixa eminye imilambo yamanzi acocekileyo.

Abadali balungiselela ukukhumbuza isicatshulwa esitsha esiza kunikwa ibhetri ye-alkaline. Isilinganiselo esicwangcisiweyo sokutshatyalaliswa malunga neelitha ezili-15 ngeyure. Ukuqulunqwa kwathembiswa ukuba kuqaliswe kwimimandla kwiminyaka emibini ezayo.

Indlela yokwenza unqulo lwamanzi olwandle ngezandla zakho?

Amanzi anokuhlambuluka kwaye angenakusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoshishino. Yenza i-dealination ye-manual ayinzima. Ukwenza oku, udinga ipasipon i-lid efanelekileyo.

Le ndlela yokukhutshwa kwamanzi isekelwe kwinto yonke eyaziwayo - ukuxhaswa. Dlulela kwi-pan yolwandle lwamanzi, vala isiqhekeza uze ubilise. I-steam eqokelelwa phantsi kwesikhombisi i-condensate ecocekileyo. Zonke ukungcola kwamanzi zinomlinganiselo omkhulu, ngoko zihlala phantsi kwepen, kwaye i-H ₂ O i-particles iyakhupha ngefom.

Le ndlela ivumela ukutshintshisa umbane kunye nokulahleka okukhulu kwamanzi ahlambulukileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuyila kufuneka kuphuculwe kancinci. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka wenze imbobo encinci kwisikhumba se-pan, faka i-hose ye-flexible (tube) kuyo, gquba i-pan nge-lid. Omnye umgca wepayipi uthunyelwa kwi-pan elandelayo (nayiphi na umthamo) kwaye qi ni sekise ukugqwesa phezulu ngentonga ehlanjisiweyo. Oku kuya kunceda umqhubi uhlale ufudumele.

Sifaka amanzi olwandle emlilweni kwaye siyilise. Silinde de kube onke amanzi "aye" kwelinye ipani. Oku kuya kuba ngamanzi aphuzayo okuphuza. Zonke iisaliti, kwakunye nokungahlambuluki kohlu oluhlukeneyo ziya kuhlala kwipani efanayo. Nantsi into elula, eyenziwe ngesandla ukukhutshwa kwamanzi olwandle kunceda ukufumana amanzi ahlambulukileyo.

Enye indlela yokuguqula amanzi anetyuwa kukukrazula. Inyaniso kukuba ukufudumala kwamaqondo okushisa kwamanzi olwandle kunye namanzi amanzi ahluke. Ukuqhathula ityuwa kuthatha iqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kuneqhwa. Iqhwa eliphumela kumanzi liyacinywa ngamanzi, elingafanelekile ukusela.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi olwandle ngokuqinisekileyo kuyinto efunekayo, kodwa kuphela kwizinga lemveliso. Ekhaya kuya kunokwenzeka ukuguqula amanzi olwandle ibe ngamanzi okusela ngoncedo lweendlela ezilula esizihlangabezane nazo namhlanje. Ngoko ngoku awukwazi ukukhathazeka malunga nokuba imeko yimeko engxamisekileyo, ukungabikho kwamanzi kungakhula ibe yingxaki enkulu.